scholarly journals Effect of regulating gut microbiota using probiotics on functional changes in the brain: protocol for a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e037582
Author(s):  
Lu Liu ◽  
Xixiu Ni ◽  
Tian Tian ◽  
Xiao Li ◽  
Fengmei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Google Search ◽  
The Brain

IntroductionThere is a growing number of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that focus on functional changes in the brain detected by functional MRI (fMRI) and gut microbiota composition changes after using probiotics.However, the effect of probiotics on functional changes in the brain through gut microbiota remains controversial in existing RCTs. Furthermore, to our knowledge, there is no systematic review to evaluate the effect of probiotics on functional changes in the brain through gut microbiota. Therefore, we aim to summarise literatures evaluating the potential association between probiotics, gut microbiota and functional changes in the brain to elucidate whether probiotics influence gut microbiota and affect functional changes in the brain through gut microbiota.Methods and analysisChina National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, VIP Databases (the Chongqing VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database), SinoMed, PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE (The National Library of Medicine), EMBASE (Excerpt Medica Database), Scopus, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and ClinicalTrials.gov will be searched until July 2019. The Grey Literature in Europe (OpenSIGLE) database and Google search engine will also be used. The reference lists of each included study will be reviewed to determine whether there are any further relevant studies. RCTs using probiotics compared with a placebo/control will be included. We will use risk of bias assessment and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system to assess the quality of evidence. The results of the systematic review will be synthesised narratively in the domains of the three primary outcome measures: (1) Increased/decreased activity in brain regions or altered functional connectivity (FC) of brain detected by fMRI and their association with changes in behaviour, gastrointestinal/emotional symptoms after using probiotics. (2) Changes in composition and diversity of the gut microbiota and their association with changes in behaviour, gastrointestinal/emotional symptoms after using probiotics. (3) Increased/decreased activity in brain regions or altered FC of brain detected by fMRI and the changes in composition or diversity of the gut microbiota after administration of probiotics.Ethics and disseminationThe results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication. As no private and confidential patient data will be included in the reporting, there are no ethical considerations associated with this protocol.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019145114.

scholarly journals Effect of gut microbiota modulation on feeding tolerance of enterally fed critically ill adult patients: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Najmeh Seifi ◽  
Ali Jafarzadeh Esfahani ◽  
Alireza Sedaghat ◽  
Reza Rezvani ◽  
Majid Khadem-Rezaiyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Clinical Endpoints ◽  
Feeding Tolerance

Abstract Purpose The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of pre-, pro-, and synbiotics on feeding tolerance of enterally fed critically ill adult patients. Methods MEDLINE, Science Direct, Web of Knowledge, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched up to November 2019. English language randomized controlled trials reporting the effect of pre, pro or synbiotics on the feeding tolerance of enterally fed critically ill adult patients were included. Results Overall, 15 papers were selected for review. Among six studies reporting the energy intake, only two studies showed significantly higher energy intake in the prebiotic-receiving groups. Among four RCTs reporting frequency or time to achieve the target calorie, only one found a significant effect of probiotics to reduce the time to achieve a target dose of calorie. About the prevalence or duration of diarrhea, 7 out of 12 RCTs reported a beneficial effect. All but one study found no beneficial effects for gut microbiota manipulation on clinical endpoints including length of stay (LOS) in hospital and intensive care unit (ICU). Conclusion It should be noticed that the heterogeneity in study designs, product format, and ICU patient populations makes it difficult to draw any general conclusion. Overall, it seems that pre, pro, or synbiotics have no significant beneficial effect on feeding tolerance and clinical endpoints in critically ill adults, but they may reduce the prevalence or duration of diarrhea.

scholarly journals Effect of gut microbiota modulation on feeding tolerance of enterally-fed critically ill adult patients: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najmeh Seifi ◽  
Ali Jafarzadeh Esfahani ◽  
Alireza Sedaghat ◽  
Reza Rezvani ◽  
Majid Khadem-Rezaiyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Clinical Endpoints ◽  
Feeding Tolerance

Abstract Purpose: The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of pre-, pro-, and synbiotics on feeding tolerance of enterally-fed critically ill adult patients. Methods: Medline, Science Direct, Web of Knowledge, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched up to November 2019. English language randomized controlled trials reporting the effect of pre, pro or synbiotics on the feeding tolerance of enterally-fed critically ill adult patients were included. Results: Overall, 15 papers were selected for review. Among six studies reporting the energy intake, only two studies showed significantly higher energy intake in the prebiotic-receiving groups. Among four RCTs reporting frequency or time to achieve the target calorie, only one found a significant effect of probiotics to reduce the time to achieve a target dose of calorie. About the prevalence or duration of diarrhea, 7 out of 12 RCTs reported a beneficial effect. All but one study found no beneficial effects for gut microbiota manipulation on clinical endpoints including length of stay (LOS) in hospital and intensive care unit (ICU). Conclusion: It should be noticed that the heterogeneity in study designs, product format, and ICU patient populations makes it difficult to draw any general conclusion. Overall, it seems that pre, pro or synbiotics have not significant beneficial effect on feeding tolerance and clinical endpoints in critically ill adults, but they may reduce the prevalence or duration of diarrhea.

scholarly journals The Analgesic Effect of Electroencephalographic Neurofeedback for People With Chronic Pain: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

10.2196/22821 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e22821
Author(s):  
Negin Hesam-Shariati ◽  
Wei-Ju Chang ◽  
James H McAuley ◽  
Andrew Booth ◽  
Zina Trost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Background Chronic pain is a global health problem, affecting around 1 in 5 individuals in the general population. The understanding of the key role of functional brain alterations in the generation of chronic pain has led researchers to focus on pain treatments that target brain activity. Electroencephalographic neurofeedback attempts to modulate the power of maladaptive electroencephalography frequency powers to decrease chronic pain. Although several studies have provided promising evidence, the effect of electroencephalographic neurofeedback on chronic pain is uncertain. Objective This systematic review aims to synthesize the evidence from randomized controlled trials to evaluate the analgesic effect of electroencephalographic neurofeedback. In addition, we will synthesize the findings of nonrandomized studies in a narrative review. Methods We will apply the search strategy in 5 electronic databases (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycInfo, and CINAHL) for published studies and in clinical trial registries for completed unpublished studies. We will include studies that used electroencephalographic neurofeedback as an intervention for people with chronic pain. Risk-of-bias tools will be used to assess methodological quality of the included studies. We will include randomized controlled trials if they have compared electroencephalographic neurofeedback with any other intervention or placebo control. The data from randomized controlled trials will be aggregated to perform a meta-analysis for quantitative synthesis. The primary outcome measure is pain intensity assessed by self-report scales. Secondary outcome measures include depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and sleep quality measured by self-reported questionnaires. We will investigate the studies for additional outcomes addressing adverse effects and resting-state electroencephalography analysis. Additionally, all types of nonrandomized studies will be included for a narrative synthesis. The intended and unintended effects of nonrandomized studies will be extracted and summarized in a descriptive table. Results Ethics approval is not required for a systematic review, as there will be no patient involvement. The search for this systematic review commenced in July 2020, and we expect to publish the findings in early 2021. Conclusions This systematic review will provide recommendations for researchers and health professionals, as well as people with chronic pain, about the evidence for the analgesic effect of electroencephalographic neurofeedback. Trial Registration International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) CRD42020177608; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=177608 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/22821

scholarly journals Auricular Acupuncture for Preoperative Anxiety - Protocol of Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Dietzel ◽  
Mike Cummings ◽  
Kevin Hua ◽  
Klaus Hahnenkamp ◽  
Benno Brinkhaus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Postoperative Recovery ◽  
Preoperative Anxiety ◽  
Auricular Acupuncture ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Google Search

Abstract Background: Preoperative anxiety causes a profound psychological and physiological reactions, that may lead to a worse postoperative recovery, higher intensity of acute and persistent postsurgical pain and impaired quality of life in the postoperative period. Previous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggest that auricular acupuncture (AA) is safe and effective in treatment of preoperative anxiety; a systematic evidence on this topic is missing. Therefore, this protocol was developed following the PRISMA guidelines to adequately evaluate the existing literature regarding the value of AA for the reduction of anxiety in patients in a preoperative setting, compared to other forms of acupuncture or pharmacological or no control interventions and measured with questionnaires regarding anxiety and fear. Methods and analysis: The following databases will be searched: MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), ISI Web of Science, Scopus Database and Google search. RCTs will be included if an abstract is available in English. Data collection and analysis will be conducted by 2 reviewers independently. Quality and risk assessment of included studies will be done using the Cochrane 5.1.0 handbook criteria and meta-analysis of effectiveness and symptom scores will be conducted using the statistical software RevMan V.5.3.Ethics and dissemination: This systematic review will evaluate the efficacy and safety of AA for preoperative anxiety. Since all data used in this systematic review and meta-analysis have been published, this review does not require ethical approval. The results may be published in a peer-reviewed journal or be presented in relevant conferences.Registration number: PROSPERO ID CRD42020184795

scholarly journals Effect of gut microbiota modulation on feeding tolerance of enterally-fed critically ill adult patients: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najmeh Seifi ◽  
Ali Jafarzadeh Esfahani ◽  
Alireza Sedaghat ◽  
Reza Rezvani ◽  
Majid Khadem-Rezaiyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Clinical Endpoints ◽  
Feeding Tolerance

Abstract Purpose: The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of pre-, pro-, and synbiotics on feeding tolerance of enterally-fed critically ill adult patients. Methods: Medline, Science Direct, Web of Knowledge, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched up to November 2019. English language randomized controlled trials reporting the effect of pre, pro or synbiotics on the feeding tolerance of enterally-fed critically ill adult patients were included. Results: Overall, 15 papers were selected for review. Among six studies reporting the energy intake, only two studies showed significantly higher energy intake in the prebiotic-receiving groups. Among four RCTs reporting frequency or time to achieve the target calorie, only one found a significant effect of probiotics to reduce the time to achieve a target dose of calorie. About the prevalence or duration of diarrhea, 7 out of 12 RCTs reported a beneficial effect. All but one study found no beneficial effects for gut microbiota manipulation on clinical endpoints including length of stay (LOS) in hospital and intensive care unit (ICU). Conclusion: It should be noticed that the heterogeneity in study designs, product format, and ICU patient populations makes it difficult to draw any general conclusion. Overall, it seems that pre, pro or synbiotics have not significant beneficial effect on feeding tolerance and clinical endpoints in critically ill adults, but they may reduce the prevalence or duration of diarrhea.

scholarly journals Effect of gut microbiota modulation on feeding tolerance of enterally-fed critically ill adult patients: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najmeh Seifi ◽  
Ali Jafarzadeh Esfahani ◽  
Alireza Sedaghat ◽  
Reza Rezvani ◽  
Majid Khadem-Rezaiyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Clinical Endpoints ◽  
Feeding Tolerance

Abstract Purpose The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of pre-, pro-, and synbiotics on feeding tolerance of enterally-fed critically ill adult patients. Methods Medline, Science Direct, Web of Knowledge, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched up to November 2019. English language randomized controlled trials reporting the effect of pre, pro or synbiotics on the feeding tolerance of enterally-fed critically ill adult patients were included. Results Among six studies reporting the energy intake, only two studies showed significantly higher energy intake in the prebiotic-receiving groups. Among four RCTs reporting frequency or time to achieve the target calorie, only one found a significant effect of probiotics to reduce the time to achieve a target dose of calorie. About the prevalence or duration of diarrhea, 7 out of 12 RCTs reported a beneficial effect. All but one study found no beneficial effects for gut microbiota manipulation on clinical endpoints including LOS in hospital and ICU. Conclusion It should be noticed that the heterogeneity in study designs, product format, and ICU patient populations makes it difficult to draw any general conclusion. Overall, it seems that pre, pro or synbiotics have not significant beneficial effect on feeding tolerance and clinical endpoints in critically ill adults, but they may reduce the prevalence or duration of diarrhea.

scholarly journals The Analgesic Effect of Electroencephalographic Neurofeedback for People With Chronic Pain: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Negin Hesam-Shariati ◽  
Wei-Ju Chang ◽  
James H McAuley ◽  
Andrew Booth ◽  
Zina Trost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Randomized Controlled

BACKGROUND Chronic pain is a global health problem, affecting around 1 in 5 individuals in the general population. The understanding of the key role of functional brain alterations in the generation of chronic pain has led researchers to focus on pain treatments that target brain activity. Electroencephalographic neurofeedback attempts to modulate the power of maladaptive electroencephalography frequency powers to decrease chronic pain. Although several studies have provided promising evidence, the effect of electroencephalographic neurofeedback on chronic pain is uncertain. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aims to synthesize the evidence from randomized controlled trials to evaluate the analgesic effect of electroencephalographic neurofeedback. In addition, we will synthesize the findings of nonrandomized studies in a narrative review. METHODS We will apply the search strategy in 5 electronic databases (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycInfo, and CINAHL) for published studies and in clinical trial registries for completed unpublished studies. We will include studies that used electroencephalographic neurofeedback as an intervention for people with chronic pain. Risk-of-bias tools will be used to assess methodological quality of the included studies. We will include randomized controlled trials if they have compared electroencephalographic neurofeedback with any other intervention or placebo control. The data from randomized controlled trials will be aggregated to perform a meta-analysis for quantitative synthesis. The primary outcome measure is pain intensity assessed by self-report scales. Secondary outcome measures include depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and sleep quality measured by self-reported questionnaires. We will investigate the studies for additional outcomes addressing adverse effects and resting-state electroencephalography analysis. Additionally, all types of nonrandomized studies will be included for a narrative synthesis. The intended and unintended effects of nonrandomized studies will be extracted and summarized in a descriptive table. RESULTS Ethics approval is not required for a systematic review, as there will be no patient involvement. The search for this systematic review commenced in July 2020, and we expect to publish the findings in early 2021. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review will provide recommendations for researchers and health professionals, as well as people with chronic pain, about the evidence for the analgesic effect of electroencephalographic neurofeedback. CLINICALTRIAL International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) CRD42020177608; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=177608 INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT PRR1-10.2196/22821

Effective Parental intervention strategies to reduce screen time among preschool-aged children: A systematic review (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Raj ◽  
Halimatus Sakdiah Minhat ◽  
Nor Afiah Mohd. Zulkefli ◽  
Norliza Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Parental Intervention

BACKGROUND The increasing screen time exposure among young children in general and the reported negative consequences associated with excessive ST, calls for focused strategies to reduce ST, especially among young children. OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to identify effective parental intervention strategies to reduce ST among preschool children. METHODS A total of five databases, namely Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, Medline Complete, PubMed, and Scopus, were searched for randomised controlled trials that involved intervention strategies in ST reduction among preschool children. PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines were used. RESULTS A total of nine studies were assessed. The results showed that besides providing knowledge and awareness regarding ST, having restrictive practices, offering alternative activities to parents, and removal of screen from child’s bedroom were the most common strategies used by studies that reported successful intervention. Intervention duration of between six to eight weeks was sufficient to produce ST reduction. Face-to-face method was the commonest mode of delivery. Theoretical constructs that aimed at increasing parental self-efficacy, listing outcome expectations, and offering reinforcement of strategies that targeted both the parents and home environment were beneficial in reducing ST. CONCLUSIONS By offering appropriate strategies to parents, a reduction in the amount of ST was observed among the children. Future intervention studies could benefit in exploring culturally adapted strategies, especially in developing countries. Trials of higher quality would also facilitate the drawing of conclusions in future research. CLINICALTRIAL PROSPERO No: CRD42020199398

scholarly journals Efficacy and safety of inulin supplementation for functional constipation: a systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e042597
Author(s):  
Xinyuan Liu ◽  
Qing Yang ◽  
Zhongning He ◽  
Shukun Yao
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Functional Constipation ◽  
Biomedical Literature ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Clinical Trial Registry

IntroductionFunctional constipation (FC) is a common digestive system disease, with an uptrend in morbidity and mortality, resulting in huge social and economic losses. Although the guidelines recommend lifestyle intervention as a first-line treatment, lifestyle intervention is not widely used in clinic. Inulin can be used as the basic material of functional food. Clinical studies have shown that inulin supplementation is associated with increased frequency of bowel movements, but has certain side effects. Therefore, the efficacy and safety of inulin in the treatment of FC need to be further evaluated.Methods and analysisWe will search Medline, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Wanfang Database and China Biomedical Literature Database. We will also search the China Clinical Trial Registry, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and related conference summaries. This systematic review will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. RevMan V.5.3.5 will be used for analysis.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review will evaluate the efficacy and safety of inulin supplementation for the treatment of FC. All included data will be obtained from published articles, there is no need for the ethical approval, and it will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. Due to lack of a new systematic review in this field, this study will combine relevant randomised controlled trials to better explore the evidence of inulin supplementation in the treatment of FC and guide clinical practice and clinical research.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020189234.

Functional cortical changes associated with shoulder instability – a systematic review

2021 ◽  
pp. 175857322110190
Author(s):  
Morissa F Livett ◽  
Deborah Williams ◽  
Hayley Potter ◽  
Melinda Cairns
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Joint Instability ◽  
Glenohumeral Joint ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Cortical Function ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Central Register ◽  
Rehabilitative Measures ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Background Glenohumeral joint instability is associated with structural deficits and/or alterations in sensory and motor processing; however, a proportion of patients with glenohumeral joint instability fail to respond to surgical and rehabilitative measures. This systematic review aimed to establish if functional cortical changes occur in patients with glenohumeral joint instability. Methods AMED, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, Medline, PEDro, Pubmed, PsychINFO and Scopus were searched from inception to 17 March 2021. Randomised controlled trials and non-randomised trials were included and quality was appraised using the Downs and Black tool. Results One thousand two hundred seventy-nine records were identified of which five were included in the review. All studies showed altered cortical function when comparing instability patients with healthy controls and included areas associated with higher cortical functions. Discussion The findings of this systematic review offer some insight as to why interventions addressing peripheral pathoanatomical factors in patients with glenohumeral joint instability may fail in some cases due to functional cortical changes. However, data are of moderate to high risk of bias. Further high-quality research is required to ascertain the degree of functional cortical changes associated with the type and duration of glenohumeral joint instability.

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