Glutathione-Dependent Mechanisms of Antioxidant Defense in Men with Pathozoospermia after COVID-19 Infection

The article presents results of studying the influence of COVID-19 infections on glutathione metabolism in men with pathozoospermia and COVID-19. In erythrocyte cytolysate, we determined concentration of reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione and the GSH/GSSG ratio as the main indication of cell redox-status and an important factor in cell redox-dependent signaling control along with the effect GSH-dependent enzymes. Results of our study allowed us to determine the peculiarity of the influence of COVID-19 infection on thee glutathione metabolic pathway. The understanding of the influence mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 on metabolic processes in the body of men with pathozoospermia has been expanded. The data obtained give grounds and opportunities for a more reasonable approach to the organization of preventive, curative, and rehabilitative measures for COVID-19 infection.

Evaluation of the Impact of Rehabilitation Training on the Knowledge and Attitude of Caregivers of COVID-19 Patients in Iran

Applying rehabilitative measures is shown to be influential in relieving the medical complications of the COVID-19 disease. Herein, we aimed to assess the effect of a rehabilitation training class on the knowledge and attitude of the caregivers of the COVID-19 patients. Twenty-three caregivers voluntarily filled the questionnaire before and after attending a training class that evaluated the participants' beliefs about the four types of rehabilitations in COVID-19, including musculoskeletal, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) prevention. Significant improvement in the caregiver's attitude about the importance of all four rehabilitation types was detected. Also, the knowledge was increased about the necessity of DVT prevention. The level of knowledge in the caregivers of COVID-19 patients in Iran is not satisfactory, which necessitates proper education to achieve the rehabilitation goals rapidly. In-person caregiver training along with presenting pamphlets is of the most useful methods.

Good neighbors or good prisoners? Non-uniformed staff beliefs about incarcerated people influence prison social climate

We analyzed results from semi-structured interviews and participant observation with educators, clinical staff, and administrators who worked at nearly 100 different correctional facilities centrally managed by eight separate state prison systems to understand how the beliefs they hold about the life experiences and future trajectories of incarcerated people influence prison social climate. We found that staff who regard incarcerated people as past and/or future neighbors are more likely to foster a safe, mutually respectful prison social climate conducive to positive personal transformation. Envisioning prison social climate as a product of the relationship between staff and incarcerated people demonstrates how prisons and communities interact with each other to shape the past and future possibilities for people who are incarcerated. Our results offer six policy implications, to (1) mandate administrative-institutional commitment to creating a positive prison social climate in which correctional staff and incarcerated people are partners in rehabilitation; (2) expand existing program opportunities in prison to ensure widespread availability of educational, vocational, and therapeutic treatment programs; (3) increase representation of staff who share experiential and demographic characteristics with incarcerated people to reduce or eliminate unconscious bias; (4) generate public awareness of, and support for, rehabilitative measures proven to better prepare incarcerated people for release from prison; (5) increase community engagement by publicizing graduation and other positive events; and (6) foster a mutually supportive work environment among educational, clinical, and administrative staff.

Exergames to Prevent the Secondary Functional Deterioration of Older Adults during Hospitalization and Isolation Periods during the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic is having an intense impact on the functional capacity of older adults, making them more vulnerable to frailty and dependency. The development of preventive and rehabilitative measures which counteract the consequences of confinement or hospitalization is an urgent need. Exergaming can promote physical activity, prevent falls, and maintain functional and cognitive capacity. However, although the use of exergames in health programs for the elderly is promising, their widespread use should not be considered without the supervision of a social health professional. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate and analyze three video game consoles (Nintendo Wii®, Xbox-Kinect® and Play Station 4®) and 26 commercial exergames with the aim of identifying their usefulness for the prevention of functional deterioration. Three occupational therapists analyzed the data independently, and subsequently agreed on the results. The examination of the commercial consoles met three criteria: components, interaction channels and the type of the exergame. Each exergame was analyzed taking into account its ability to train postural control, balance, upper limb functionality and cognitive function. The results of the evaluation showed that exergames contain game activities that can be part of the rehabilitative treatment aimed at the prevention of the functional impairment of older people affected by COVID.

Functional cortical changes associated with shoulder instability – a systematic review

Background Glenohumeral joint instability is associated with structural deficits and/or alterations in sensory and motor processing; however, a proportion of patients with glenohumeral joint instability fail to respond to surgical and rehabilitative measures. This systematic review aimed to establish if functional cortical changes occur in patients with glenohumeral joint instability. Methods AMED, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, Medline, PEDro, Pubmed, PsychINFO and Scopus were searched from inception to 17 March 2021. Randomised controlled trials and non-randomised trials were included and quality was appraised using the Downs and Black tool. Results One thousand two hundred seventy-nine records were identified of which five were included in the review. All studies showed altered cortical function when comparing instability patients with healthy controls and included areas associated with higher cortical functions. Discussion The findings of this systematic review offer some insight as to why interventions addressing peripheral pathoanatomical factors in patients with glenohumeral joint instability may fail in some cases due to functional cortical changes. However, data are of moderate to high risk of bias. Further high-quality research is required to ascertain the degree of functional cortical changes associated with the type and duration of glenohumeral joint instability.

Comparison of responses of parents of hearing and hearing impaired children for the questionnaire 'awareness of aspects related to hearing'

Background: Congenital hearing loss has a profound enervating impact on the child and the family's global development in many domains. If identified during the earlier years of life and apt rehabilitative measures are sought, it would aid in the child's near-normal development and optimize the educational placement. However, parental involvement in this process is crucial. The present study aimed to ‘develop, administer and compare the scores of the questionnaire on ‘Parent’s awareness on aspects related to hearing’ among the parents of children with normal hearing and hearing impairment.Methods: A total of eighty participants, divided into group I (parents of normal hearing children) and group II (parents of children with hearing impairment), participated in the study.Results: Mann-Whitney test showed that there was a significant difference between the groups for all the subsections. The receiver operating characteristic curve was analyzed, and the cut-off scores of 26.5 were obtained. The sensitivity of 0.825 and 1-specificity of 0.225 was achieved.Conclusions: More awareness to be created among the parents of normal-hearing children not only on the risk factors of hearing loss but also on the educational options which would hoist towards inclusion.

Prevalence of Functional Limitation in COVID-19 Recovered Patients Using the Post COVID-19 Functional Status Scale

Introduction: COVID-19 is an emerging global health pandemic causing tremendous morbidity andmortality worldwide. Chronic symptoms progressing to poor functional status have been reportedin a substantial proportion of COVID-19 patients worldwide. This study aimed to determine theprevalence of functional limitation in COVID-19 recovered patients using the post-COVID-19functional status scale. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Tribhuvan University TeachingHospital. COVID-19 recovered patients with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactionnegative status were included and assessed using the post-COVID-19 functional status scale. Dataentry and analysis was done in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20.0. Descriptivestatistics were performed. Results: A total of 106 patients were included for the final analysis. More than half of the patients(56.6%) reported having no functional limitation (grade 0), while the prevalence of some degree offunctional limitation was observed in 46 (43.4%) patients (grade 1 to 4). Conclusions: Some form of functional limitation should be anticipated after COVID-19 infection.Post-COVID-19 functional status scale can be a valuable tool in determining the prevalence offunctional limitation in COVID-19 recovered patients in acute health care settings. It can potentiallyguide in planning rehabilitative measures in post-acute care management of COVID-19 survivors.

Current Trends in Stroke Rehabilitation

Stroke remains a leading cause of adult disability. The social, physical and psychological consequences of stroke are devastating. With better understanding of causation and breakthrough advances in management, we are witnessing a greater population of stroke survivors with varying neurological and functional deficits. Poststroke rehabilitation is a multi-disciplinary and multi-modal endeavor and not a ‘one size fits all’ intervention. A combination of interventions may be better suited to treat motor and sensory impairments, cognitive problems and psychological issues. There is great interest in exploring novel rehabilitation technologies to augment conventional therapies to reduce neurological disability and improve function. Yoga and spirituality, though ancient practices, are finding a bigger role in field of rehabilitation. In spite of good potentials for recovery, these rehabilitative measures are underutilized and major barriers are limited availability, geographical distance, high cost and lack of awareness about its benefits. While conventional measures are well engraved, this article review the recent concepts in stroke rehabilitation.

Recidivism and Cognitive Behavioral Therapies

Recidivism of criminal offenders has become a national problem in the United States. New criminal activity along with technical violations of conditions of probation or parole are the results of deficiencies in cognitive behaviorisms. Numerous studies have revealed that weaknesses in cognitive behavior are a common denominator among offenders. These studies have led to the development and implementation of treatment strategies that, when administered to criminal offenders, have proven to be effective in reducing recidivism. Therapeutic programs grounded in evidence-based practices are widely used throughout correctional facilities and probation-parole departments. However, this evidence-based approach in reducing recidivism is moot if correctional leadership is not supportive of rehabilitative programs for offenders. The efficacy and success of these programs are dependent on effective leadership along with professionals and paraprofessionals that are specifically credentialed or licensed and have the qualities and skillsets to provide these types of rehabilitative measures.

MEDICAL SUPPORT IN THE SAFETY SYSTEM OF NAVIGATION OF THE MODERN CIVIL MARINE

Modernization of long-distance vessels, a decrease in the number of crews of ships, an increase in psycho-emotional stress, insufficient monitoring of compliance with safety and industrial hygiene requirements in the context of the transformation of the socio-economic way of life and the commercialization of the merchant marine fleet contribute to a decrease in the safety of navigation and an increase in the risk of consequences of adverse shifts in the health of seafarers long voyage. Studies have established that the specific conditions of long-term sailing contribute to the emergence and development of a wide range of neuropsychic and psychosomatic disorders, which is directly related to the causes of accidents at sea, the transition of highly qualified specialists to coastal work and the occurrence of severe chronic diseases in sailors. The variety and complexity of working conditions on long-distance vessels dictates the need to develop preventive and rehabilitative measures, taking into account the specifics of various types of work in the sea fleet. But until now, the scientific principles of preventive measures have not been formulated, requiring a systematic approach to protecting the health of the ship's personnel with the setting of specific and specific tasks in each period of production activity: on the shore and at sea. In connection with the search for the necessary modernization of the prophylactic medical examination system for long-distance sailors, the transformation of the entire medical service, the development of constructive measures and proposals for their implementation in the new economic conditions are in practice one of the urgent problems of ensuring the safety of navigation, which requires its scientific justification. The urgent need to preserve and strengthen the health of seafarers, as the main element of ensuring the safety of life of ships, determined the choice of the goal and objectives of this study.