scholarly journals ACL injury incidence, severity and patterns in professional male soccer players in a Middle Eastern league

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. e000461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raouf Nader Rekik ◽  
Montassar Tabben ◽  
Cristiano Eirale ◽  
Philippe Landreau ◽  
Rachid Bouras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Acl Injuries ◽  
Injury Burden ◽  
And Training

AimTo ascertain ACL injury incidence, severity (injury burden) and patterns (contact/non-contact and reinjuries) in a professional male football league in the Middle East over five consecutive seasons.MethodsProspective epidemiological study reporting ACL injuries in professional male soccer players in the Qatar Stars League, with complete matches/training exposure over five seasons (2013–2014 to 2017–2018), corresponding to 2243 player seasons and 729 team months.Results37 complete ACL ruptures occurred in 37 players during 486 951  hours of player exposure. The overall ACL injury rate was 0.076 injuries/1000  hours of exposure (season range 0.045–0.098). Injury incidence during matches and training was 0.41 and 0.04 injuries/1000  hours of exposure, respectively. Match injury incidence was greater than that of training (OR 11.8, 95%  CI 6.21 to 23.23, p<0.001). Average injury-related time-loss following ACL injury was 225 days±65 (range 116–360). Overall injury burden was 16.3 days lost/1000  hours of exposure.ConclusionThe overall ACL injury rate in professional male soccer players competing in the Middle East was 0.076 injuries/1000  hours of exposure, match injury incidence was greater than training, while the average ACL time-loss was 225 days.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Hand and Wrist Injuries in NCAA Men’s Football: 2009–2010 to 2013–2014

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 232596711983537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas W. Bartels ◽  
Mario Hevesi ◽  
Cody Wyles ◽  
Jeffrey Macalena ◽  
Sanjeev Kakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Wrist Injuries ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Expected Time ◽  
Common Activity ◽  
Injury Burden

Background: Participation in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) football is at an all-time high. This population of athletes experiences a substantial injury burden, with many injuries affecting the upper extremities. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiology of hand and wrist injuries in college football players from the academic years 2009–2010 to 2013–2014. We hypothesized that variables such as event type (practice vs game), mechanism of injury, and player position would have an effect on the injury incidence. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Methods: An epidemiological study utilizing the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program was performed to investigate rates and patterns of hand and wrist injuries in participating varsity football teams from 2009–2010 to 2013–2014. Results: A total of 725 hand and wrist injuries were captured in 899,225 athlete-exposures. The observed practice injury rate was 0.51 injuries per 1000 athlete-exposures, compared with a game injury rate of 3.60 ( P < .01). Player-on-player contact was the most common injury mechanism reported, with blocking being the most common activity at the time of injury. Offensive linemen were most likely to experience an injury. Of all injuries sustained, 71.4% resulted in no time loss from competition, whereas 9.8% of injuries resulted in longer than 7 days of time loss. A fracture resulted in the greatest time loss from competition (mean ± SD, 8.3 ± 24.0 days; median, 0 days [range, 0-148 days] for injuries sustained in a practice setting) (mean ± SD, 7.7 ± 15.8 days; median, 0 days [range, 0-87 days] for injuries sustained in a game setting). Conclusion: Hand and wrist injuries were found to be significantly more common in games when compared with practices. This study provides valuable prognostic data regarding expected time loss on a per-injury pattern basis. Further investigation on specific injury subtypes and expected time loss as a result of these injures would provide trainers, players, and coaches with useful information on an expected postinjury recovery and rehabilitation timeline.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Italian First Division Soccer Players

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Grassi ◽  
Luca Macchiarola ◽  
Matteo Filippini ◽  
Gian Andrea Lucidi ◽  
Francesco Della Villa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Acl Injuries ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Incidence Proportion ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Background: The burden of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in professional soccer players is particularly relevant as it represents a potentially career-threatening injury. Hypothesis: Our hypotheses were that (1) injury incidence rate would be similar to that reported in the literature, (2) we would identify a uniform distribution of the injuries along the season, and (3) injury incidence rate would be similar in high-ranked and lower ranked teams, based on final placement in the league. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Methods: Professional male soccer players participating in the Serie A championship league in 7 consecutive seasons (2011-2012 to 2017-2018) were screened to identify ACL injuries through the online football archive transfermarkt.com . Exposure in matches and training were calculated. Results: There were 84 ACL injuries found (mean player age, 25.3 ± 4.2 years). Overall, 25% of ACL injuries were reruptures (15%) or contralateral injuries (10%). ACL incidence rate was 0.4215 per 1000 hours of play during Serie A matches, 0.0305 per 1000 hours of training (rate ratio [RR], 13.8; 95% CI, 8.4-22.7; P < 0.0001), and 0.0618 per 1000 hours of total play. Injury distribution had a bimodal peak, with the highest number of events in October and March. Alternatively, training injuries peaked in June and July. A significantly higher incidence rate was found for the teams ranked from 1st to 4th place compared with those ranked 5th to 20th (0.1256 vs 0.0559 per 1000 hours of play; RR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.4-3.6; P = 0.0003). A similar finding was found for injury incidence proportion (3.76% vs 1.64%; P = 0.0003). Conclusion: The overall incidence rate of ACL injuries in Italian Serie A was 0.062 per 1000 hours, with a 14-fold risk in matches compared with training. Relevantly, 25% were second injuries. Most injuries occurred in October and March, and an almost 2-fold incidence rate and incidence proportion were noted in those teams ranked in the first 4 positions of the championship league. Clinical Relevance: Knowing the precise epidemiology of ACL injury in one of the most competitive professional football championship leagues could help delineate fields of research aimed to investigate its risk factors.

scholarly journals The Effect Of Playing Surface On Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury In NCAA Soccer

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3_suppl2) ◽  
pp. 2325967120S0012
Author(s):  
Mark Howard ◽  
Hyunwoo Paco Kang ◽  
Samantha Solaru ◽  
Alexander E. Weber ◽  
Mark F. Rick C
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Artificial Turf ◽  
Acl Injuries ◽  
Natural Grass ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Objectives: Previous orthopaedic literature has examined the effect of synthetic playing surfaces on the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in athletes and produced varying and inconclusive results. The objective of this study was to examine the role of playing surface on the incidence and risk of ACL injury in collegiate soccer athletes. Methods: The NCAA Injury Surveillance Program (ISP) database was queried for ACL injuries for male and female soccer players from the 2004-05 through the 2013-14 seasons at all levels of competition. The number of athlete exposures (AEs), defined as 1 athlete participating in 1 practice or competition in which they were exposed to the possibility of athletic injury, were recorded for grass and synthetic playing surfaces. Both the reported injuries and exposures provided were weighted in order to represent the entire NCAA collegiate soccer population. Normalized ACL incidence rates were calculated as well as 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Rate ratios comparing competition type amongst both competition and practice were calculated. Results: ACL injuries were more common on grass surfaces (1.16 per 10,000 AEs, 95%CI 1.12-1.20) than artificial turf (0.92 per 10,000 AEs, 95%CI 0.84-1.04). This difference was statistically significant (IRR 1.26, p<0.0001), and driven primarily by the difference in injury incidence during practice. The injury incidence during practice on natural grass (1.18 per 10,000 AEs, 95% CI 1.11-1.26) was significantly greater than the injury incidence rate during practice on artificial turf (0.067 per 10,000 AEs, 95%CI 0.043-0.096). Players were 17.7 times more likely (95%CI 10.6678-27.2187, p<0.0001) to sustain an ACL injury during practice on natural grass when compared to practice on artificial turf. However, there was no significant difference in injury incidence during matches (IRR 0.96, p=0.44), with matches on natural grass (3.35 per 10,000 AEs, 95% CI 3.21-3.51) equivalent to matches on artificial surfaces (3.49 per 10,000 AEs, 95%CI 3.18-3.81). When comparing exposure type, the injury rate was significantly greater during matches (3.38 per 10,000 AEs, 95% CI 3.25-3.52) compared to practices (0.82 per 10,000 AEs, 95%CI 0.77-0.88), with a 4.10-fold increase in ACL injury incidence during matches compared to practice (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Between 2004 and 2014, NCAA soccer players experienced a greater number of ACL injuries on natural grass playing surfaces compared with artificial turf playing surfaces. This difference is driven by injuries during practice, where athletes were nearly 18 times more likely to suffer an ACL injury on grass versus artificial turf. While ACL injuries were more likely during matches compared to practices, no difference in incidence was noted between playing surfaces. Additional study is warranted investigating potential causes for this observed increased risk with soccer practice on grass fields.

scholarly journals Injury and illness epidemiology in professional Asian football: lower general incidence and burden but higher ACL and hamstring injury burden compared with Europe

2021 ◽  
pp. bjsports-2020-102945
Author(s):  
Montassar Tabben ◽  
Cristiano Eirale ◽  
Gurcharan Singh ◽  
Abdulaziz Al-Kuwari ◽  
Jan Ekstrand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Digital Tools ◽  
Hamstring Injury ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Injury Burden ◽  
And Training

BackgroundWhile football injury and illness epidemiology surveillance at professional club level in Europe is available, epidemiological data from other continents are lacking.PurposeInvestigating injury and illness epidemiology in professional Asian football.Study designDescriptive prospective study.MethodsProfessional teams from the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) league were followed prospectively for three consecutive AFC seasons (2017 through 2019, 13 teams per season, 322 team months). Time-loss injuries and illnesses in addition to individual match and training exposure were recorded using standardised digital tools in accordance with international consensus procedures.ResultsIn total, 232 665 hours of exposure (88.6% training and 11.4% matches) and 1159 injuries were recorded; 496 (42.8%) occurred during matches, 610 (52.6%) during training; 32 (2.8%) were reported as ‘not applicable’ and for 21 injuries (1.8%) information was missing. Injury incidence was significantly greater during match play (19.2±8.6 injuries per 1000 hours) than training (2.8±1.4, p<0.0001), resulting in a low overall incidence of 5.1±2.2.The injury burden for match injuries was greater than from training injuries (456±336 days per 1000 hours vs 54±34 days, p<0.0001). The two specific injuries causing the greatest burden were complete ACL ruptures (0.14 injuries (95% CI 0.9 to 0.19) and 29.8 days lost (29.1 to 30.5) per 1000 hours) and hamstring strains (0.86 injuries (0.74 to 0.99) and 17.5 days (17.0 to 18.1) lost per 1000 hours).Reinjuries constituted 9.9% of all injuries. Index injuries caused 22.6±40.8 days of absence compared with 25.1±39 for reinjuries (p=0.62). The 175 illnesses recorded resulted in 1.4±2.9 days of time loss per team per month.ConclusionProfessional Asian football is characterised by an overall injury incidence similar to that reported from Europe, but with a high rate of ACL ruptures and hamstring injury, warranting further investigations.

Epidemiology of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears in the National Football League

2021 ◽  
pp. 036354652110101
Author(s):  
Riann M. Palmieri-Smith ◽  
Christina D. Mack ◽  
Robert H. Brophy ◽  
Brett D. Owens ◽  
Mackenzie M. Herzog ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Acl Injuries ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are common in contact athletics and have a significant effect on the athletic performance and well-being of affected players. The prevalence, timing, and characteristics of ACL tears in National Football League (NFL) athletes are lacking. Purpose: To define the epidemiology of ACL tears among NFL athletes. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: This retrospective study includes all ACL injuries entered into the NFL injury database through the centralized leaguewide electronic health record system for the 2015-2019 seasons. Results: A total of 314 ACL injuries occurred during the 5-year study period, with a mean of 62 per year. The overall 1-season injury risk of an NFL player sustaining an ACL injury was 1.9% (95% CI, 1.7%-2.1%). Most ACL injuries occurred during games (n = 199), with a higher rate observed in the preseason games as compared with the regular season games (6.1 vs 2.7 per 10,000 player-plays; P < .01). NFL players with ≤3 of experience had a higher preseason injury rate (9.57 ACL tears per 1000 player-seasons) than those with ≥4 years of experience (5.12 ACL tears per 1000 player-seasons; P < .01). NFL athletes playing on special teams had the highest rate of ACL injuries (7.6 per 10,000 player-plays) in comparison with all other player positions. Conclusion: ACL injury incidence was fairly consistent across all years studied and occurred more frequently in players with ≤3 years of NFL experience. Tears were more common during games, special teams play, and the preseason.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury on Natural Grass Versus Artificial Turf in Soccer: 10-Year Data From the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance System

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 232596712093443
Author(s):  
Mark Howard ◽  
Samantha Solaru ◽  
Hyunwoo P. Kang ◽  
Ioanna K. Bolia ◽  
George F.R. Hatch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Collegiate Athletic Association ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Artificial Turf ◽  
Injury Surveillance System ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Natural Grass ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is prevalent among National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) soccer players. Controversy remains regarding the effect of the surface type on the rate of ACL injury in soccer players, considering differences in sex, type of athletic exposure, and level of competition. Hypothesis: Natural grass surfaces would be associated with decreased ACL injury rate in NCAA soccer players. Sex, type of athletic exposure (match vs practice), and level of competition (Division I-III) would affect the relationship between playing surface and ACL injury rates. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Using the NCAA Injury Surveillance System (ISS) database, we calculated the incidence rate of ACL injury in men and women from 2004-2005 through 2013-2014 seasons. The incidence was normalized against athletic exposure (AE). Additional data collected were sex, athletic activity at time of injury (match vs practice), and level of competition (NCAA division) to stratify the analysis. Statistical comparisons were made by calculating incidence rate ratios (IRR). Statistical significance was set at an alpha of .05. Results: There were 30,831,779 weighted AEs during the study period. The overall injury rate was 1.12 ACL injuries per 10,000 AEs (95% CI, 1.08-1.16). Women comprised 57% of the match data (10,261 games) and 55% of practice data (26,664 practices). The overall injury rate was significantly higher on natural grass (1.16/10,000 AEs; 95% CI, 1.12-1.20) compared with artificial turf (0.92/10,000 AEs [95% CI, 0.84-1.01]; IRR, 1.26 [95% CI, 1.14-1.38]) ( P < .0001). This relationship was demonstrated consistently across all subanalyses, including stratification by NCAA division and sex. The injury rate on natural grass (0.52/10,000 AEs; 95% CI, 1.11-1.26) was significantly greater than the injury incidence during practice on artificial turf (0.06/10,000 AEs; 95% CI, 0.043-0.096). Players were 8.67 times more likely to sustain an ACL injury during practice on natural grass compared with practice on artificial turf (95% CI, 5.43-12.13; P < .0001). No significant difference was found in injury rates between matches played on grass versus turf (IRR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.84-1.03; P = .15). Conclusion: NCAA soccer players who practice on natural grass have increased risk of ACL injury compared with the risk of those practicing on an artificial surface, regardless of sex or NCAA division of play. No difference in risk of ACL injury between playing surfaces was detected during matches. Further research is necessary to examine the effect of multiple factors when evaluating the effect of the surface type on the risk of ACL injury in soccer players.

scholarly journals ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT INJURIES IN HIGH SCHOOL FEMALE AND MALE SOCCER ATHLETES: ARE MATCH ACL RATES BEING UNDERESTIMATED?

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2325967119S0000
Author(s):  
Aaron D. Gray ◽  
Scott M. Miller ◽  
Samuel Galloway ◽  
Seth Sherman ◽  
Emily Leary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Acl Injuries ◽  
Injury Rates

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in Missouri high school female and male soccer players during the 2011-2013 seasons, using a single postseason survey sent to coaches. Our hypothesis is a single postseason survey be a feasible method to measure a large number of athletic exposures (AEs) and ACL injuries. We also hypothesize that “traditional” methods for calculating athletic exposures likely underestimate the actual burden of ACL injuries in high school soccer matches. Methods: The study was IRB approved through the University of Missouri. A web-based survey was developed and sent to every girls and boys high school soccer coach in Missouri using a Missouri State High School Activities Association (MSHSAA) database. In order to calculate AEs, questions were asked about the average number of athletes who participated in tryouts, practices, and matches along with the specific number of tryouts, practices, and matches for the 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 seasons. Coaches were also asked the number of ACL injuries their team suffered. No medical personnel were involved in filling out the surveys. Athletic exposures (AEs) were calculated using the formulas below. Match athletic exposures were calculated using a “traditional” method and also an “athlete at risk” method. The primary outcome measure was ACL injuries. Formulas for Calculation of Athletic Exposures (AEs) Tryouts & Practice= (a*A) + (b*B) Match (Traditional)= (c*C) Match (Athlete at Risk)= (11*C) a = average number of players participating in tryouts A = number of tryout sessions b = average number of players participating in practices B = number of practices in a season c = average number of players participating in matches C = number of matches in a season Results: In total, 885 coaches were sent surveys and 160 (18.1%) coaches responded, with 84 coaches representing girls soccer teams and 76 representing boys teams. A total of 323,010 AEs (160,756 female and 162,254 male) were reported of which 228,608 AEs (71%) took place in practices. 94,402 AEs occurred in matches using the “traditional” method and 61,963 AEs in matches using the “athlete at risk” method. 36 ACL injuries (28 female and 8 male) were reported. Of the 28 female ACL injuries, 25 happened during high school soccer activities (23 match, 2 practice). 3 ACL injuries occurred outside of high school soccer activities (1 club soccer, 1 volleyball, 1 unknown.) All 8 male ACL injuries were suffered during a high school match. Female athletes had an ACL injury rate of 0.16/1000 AEs compared to male athletes 0.05/1000 AEs (Table 1). Female athletes had a practice ACL injury rate of 0.02/1000 AEs and there were no ACL injuries suffered by male athletes in practice. Female athletes had a match ACL injury rate of 0.47/1000 AEs using “traditional” method and 0.70/1000 AEs by the “athlete at risk” method. Male athletes had a match ACL injury rate of 0.18/1000 AEs “traditional” method and 0.28/1000 AEs “athlete at risk” method (Figure 1). Female high school soccer athletes had a 3.2x greater risk of ACL tear than male high school soccer athletes. Female athletes were 26x more likely to tear their ACL in a match compared to practice. ACL match injury rates were 50-55% higher using the “athlete at risk” method compared to “traditional” methods for calculating match injury rates. Conclusion/Significance: A single postseason survey sent to coaches was successful in measuring AEs and ACL injury rates for a large population of high school soccer athletes. This represents an economical and feasible mechanism compared to previous studies (Table 2) to measure ACL injury rates for a high number of teams. It also allows ACL injury rates to be measured for schools and teams that do not have certified athletic trainers. “Traditional” methods for calculating match ACL injury rates greatly under represent ACL injuries compared to the “athlete at risk” method which is more representative of true injury risk exposure. A very high percentage of ACL injuries occurred during matches even though matches were responsible for only 29% of AEs. If future studies have limited resources, they should consider not recording practice AEs and ACL injuries since the likelihood of an ACL injury occurring during practice is very low compared to a match. [Table: see text][Table: see text][Figure: see text]

scholarly journals Injuries in Professional Male Soccer Players in the Netherlands: A Prospective Cohort Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine H. Stubbe ◽  
Anne-Marie M. C. van Beijsterveldt ◽  
Sissi van der Knaap ◽  
Jasper Stege ◽  
Evert A. Verhagen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Knee Injuries ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Common Diagnosis

Context: Injuries are a major adverse event in a soccer player's career. Reducing injury incidence requires a thorough knowledge of the epidemiology of soccer injuries. Objective: To investigate the incidence and characteristics of injuries in the Dutch premier soccer league. Design: Cohort study. Setting: The Dutch premier soccer league. Patients or Other Participants: During the 2009–2010 soccer season, a total of 217 professional soccer players from 8 teams were prospectively followed. Main Outcome Measure(s): The medical staff recorded time-loss injuries, including information on injuries (ie, type, body part, duration) and exposure data for training sessions and matches. Results: A total of 286 injuries were recorded, affecting 62.7% of the players. The overall injury incidence was 6.2 injuries per 1000 player-hours, 2.8 in training sessions and 32.8 in matches. Most of the recorded injuries were acute (68.5%). Eight percent of the injuries were classified as recurrent. Injuries were most likely to be located in the lower extremities (82.9%). Injury time loss ranged from 1 to 752 days, with a median of 8 days. Knee injuries had the greatest consequences in terms of days of absence from soccer play (on average, 45 days). The most common diagnosis was muscle/tendon injury of the lower extremities (32.9%). Conclusions: Injury risk in the Dutch premier soccer league is high, especially during matches. Preventive measures should focus on the most common diagnoses, namely, muscle/tendon injuries of the lower extremities.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Shoulder Injuries in Schoolboy Rugby Union in Ireland

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 232596712110234
Author(s):  
Therese M. Leahy ◽  
Ian C. Kenny ◽  
Mark J. Campbell ◽  
Giles D. Warrington ◽  
Roisin Cahalan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Injury Incidence ◽  
Shoulder Injuries ◽  
Descriptive Epidemiology ◽  
Epidemiology Study ◽  
Time Loss ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Rugby Players ◽  
And Training

Background: The shoulder has been reported as a frequent location of injury in adult professional and amateur rugby, with match injury incidence rates ranging from 1.8 to 3 per 1000 player-hours (h). An increased understanding of the incidence and mechanism of shoulder injuries in school rugby players is vital to establish effective injury preventive strategies and advise on appropriate rehabilitation. Purpose: To describe the incidence, nature, and severity of shoulder injuries in schoolboy rugby in Ireland. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Injury surveillance was carried out for Senior Cup teams across two seasons (N = 665 players aged 17-19 years) in Ireland from 2018 to 2020. Match and training injury data were recorded using an online system by trained nominated injury recorders. Match exposure was also recorded. Results: Shoulder match injury incidence was 12.2 per 1000 h (95% CI, 9.1-16.2), with a mean severity of 47 days’ time loss and an overall burden of 573 days per 1000 h. In total, 47 match and 5 training shoulder injuries were recorded. The most common injuries were shoulder dislocations/subluxations (34%), followed by acromioclavicular joint sprains (30%). Shoulder dislocations/subluxations represented the most burdensome injury (280 days per 1000 h). The tackle accounted for the majority (81%) of shoulder injuries. Forwards sustained a significantly higher incidence of shoulder injuries (8.3/1000 h) in comparison with backs (3.9/1000 h), with a rate ratio of 2.13 (95% CI, 1.15-3.94; P = .015). Conclusion: We found a notably higher injury incidence rate in schoolboy rugby as compared with the adult amateur and professional game. Shoulder injuries were responsible for more days lost than any other injury, and shoulder dislocations were the most severe. This is of particular concern so early in a player’s career and warrants further investigation into potential risk factors and mechanisms associated with shoulder injuries in school-age players.

scholarly journals Sex-Based Differences in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries Among United States High School Soccer Players: An Epidemiological Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 232596712091917
Author(s):  
Andrew S. Gupta ◽  
Lauren A. Pierpoint ◽  
R. Dawn Comstock ◽  
Michael G. Saper
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High School ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Acl Injury ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Acl Injuries ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are common among high school athletes, with sex-based differences accounting for higher injury rates in girls. Previous epidemiological studies on ACL injuries focusing on adolescent athletes have looked at injuries across multiple sports, but few have analyzed ACL tears in solely high school soccer athletes. Purpose: To examine sex-based differences in the epidemiology of ACL injuries among high school soccer players in the United States (US). Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological study. Methods: ACL injury data for US high school soccer players were obtained from the internet-based National High School Sports-Related Injury Surveillance Study’s High School RIO (Reporting Information Online) system. Athletic trainers from a random sample of 100 high schools from 8 strata based on US Census geographic region reported data for athlete-exposures (AEs) (practice or competition) and ACL injuries from 2007 through 2017. Injury rates were calculated as the number of ACL injuries per 100,000 AEs. Subgroup differences were evaluated with rate ratios (RRs) or injury proportion ratios (IPRs) and 95% CIs. Statistical differences in demographics between groups were examined using independent t tests. Comparisons of categorical data (ie, level of play) were performed using the Wald chi-square test. Results: The reported number of ACL injuries corresponded to weighted national estimates of 41,025 (95% CI, 33,321-48,730) ACL injuries in boys’ soccer and 110,028 (95% CI, 95,349-124,709) in girls’ soccer during the study period. The rate of injuries was higher in girls’ soccer (13.23/100,000 AEs) than boys’ soccer (4.35/100,000 AEs) (RR, 3.04 [95% CI, 2.35-3.98]). The rate of ACL injuries was higher in competition compared with practice for girls (RR, 14.77 [95% CI, 9.85-22.15]) and boys (RR, 8.69 [95% CI, 5.01-15.08]). Overall, a smaller proportion of ACL injuries were caused by player-player contact for girls (30.1%) compared with boys (48.6%) (IPR, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.41-0.93]). Conclusion: ACL injury rates and patterns in high school soccer players differed between sex, type of exposure (practice vs competition), and mechanism of injury.

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