scholarly journals Review: restricted dietary salt intake can reduce blood pressure but does not reduce death or cardiovascular morbidity

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 139-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Arroll
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Reduce Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Dietary Salt Intake

Abstract MP22: Dietary Salt Restriction And High Salt Intake Exaggerate Sympathetic Reflexes And Sensitize Central Autonomic Networks: Potential Mechanisms Of The J-shaped Curve

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean D Stocker ◽  
Megan M Wenner ◽  
William B Farquhar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Salt Restriction ◽  
Salt Diet ◽  
Dietary Salt Intake ◽  
Autonomic Networks

Observational cohort studies suggest that severe salt restriction increases cardiovascular morbidity/mortality, and the relationship between cardiovascular morbidity and dietary salt intake resembles a J-shaped curve. A high salt diet exaggerates sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and arterial blood pressure (ABP) responses to several cardiovascular reflexes in salt-resistant animals. This study assessed whether salt restriction also exaggerates cardiovascular reflex responses and sensitizes central autonomic networks. To test this hypothesis, male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed low (0.01% NaCl), normal (0.1% NaCl), and high (4.0% NaCl) salt diet for 14-21 days. Baseline mean ABP was not different across groups (low: 104±4, normal: 107±4, high: 107±4mmHg). Activation of sciatic afferents (1ms pulse, 500uA, 5s duration, 2-20Hz) produced significantly greater increases in renal SNA (5Hz; low: 196±12, normal: 136±9, high: 177±8%, n=8, P<0.05) and ABP (5Hz; low: 29±3, normal: 16±1, high: 24±2 mmHg, n=8, P<0.05) of rats fed low and high versus normal NaCl diets. Activation of the aortic depressor nerve (2ms pulse, 500uA, 15s duration, 2-20Hz) produced significantly greater decreases in renal SNA (5Hz; low: -55±9, normal: -34±8, high: -63±13%, n=7-8, P<0.05) and ABP (5Hz; low: -31±3, normal: -15±5, high: -32±5 mmHg, n=7-8, P<0.05) of rats fed low and high versus normal NaCl diets. To test whether dietary salt intake sensitized central sympathetic circuits, microinjection of L-glutamate (0.1-1nmol, 30nL) in the rostral ventrolateral medulla produced significantly greater increases in renal SNA (0.1nmol; low: 212±15, normal: 149±8, high: 183±17%, n=7-8, P<0.05) and ABP (0.1Hz; low: 20±2, normal: 12±2, high: 22±2 mmHg, n=7-8, P<0.05) of rats fed low and high versus normal NaCl diets. Finally, rats fed low or high NaCl versus normal NaCl diets displayed exaggerated cardiovascular responses to cage switch or mild restraint and increased 24-h blood pressure variability. The present findings show that severe salt restriction and excess dietary salt intake exaggerate sympathetic and cardiovascular responses, and may be explained by a parallel change in the sensitivity of central autonomic networks to resemble a J-shaped curve.

Dietary salt intake and blood pressure

JAMA ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 251 (11) ◽  
pp. 1429-1430 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Dietary Salt Intake

scholarly journals The relationship between dietary salt intake and ambulatory blood pressure variability in non-diabetic hypertensive patients

Nefrología ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 694-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nihal Ozkayar ◽  
Fatih Dede ◽  
Ihsan Ates ◽  
Fatma Akyel ◽  
Tolga Yildirim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Ambulatory Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Variability ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Dietary Salt Intake ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Blood Pressure and Hormonal Responses to Short Whole Body Cold Exposure in Subjects with High Dietary Salt Intake.

1999 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 203-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olli Arjamaa ◽  
Lauri Turunen ◽  
Tero Malkinen ◽  
Jaana Laitinen ◽  
Juhani Leppaluoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Hormonal Responses ◽  
Dietary Salt Intake

Dietary Salt Intake and Blood Pressure

JAMA ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 250 (3) ◽  
pp. 365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Holden
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Dietary Salt Intake

scholarly journals Barriers of dietary salt reduction among hypertensive patients: a cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3459
Author(s):  
Mariyam Khwaja
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Salt Reduction ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Dietary Salt Intake

Background: Healthy dietary practice is an important lifestyle modification and one of the key adjuncts to pharmacotherapy in management of hypertension. A modest reduction in salt intake of 5 gm/day lowered blood pressure by 7/4 mmHg diastolic in hypertensive patients. Despite knowledge about the ill consequences, many people continue to consume high levels of salt in their diet. To motivate people to reduce salt in their diet, a solid understanding of barriers encountered by those under salt reduction recommendation is necessary. Hence, this study was conducted with the aim of identifying the barriers to dietary salt reduction among hypertensive patients.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted on a sample of 356 hypertensive patients in field practice areas (urban and rural) in Department of Community Medicine, JNMC, AMU, Aligarh. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used for the study. Compliance to dietary salt intake was assessed by calculating average salt intake per person per day. The tenets of health belief model were used to examine the key determinants of human behavior. Analysis was done by using correlation, proportions, chi-square and multiple linear regression.Results: 31.4% of the participants took salt <5 gm per day. A significant association was noticed with area, religion, social class, family size, perceived benefits and perceived susceptibility. A significant positive correlation was seen with total adherence score and family size.Conclusions: A lot of barriers hinder the compliance to dietary salt reduction. Health Education stressing the role of salt reduction in control of blood pressure is recommended.

Dietary salt intake and blood pressure

JAMA ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 250 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Holden
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Dietary Salt Intake

P1857SALT CONSUMPTION, LIFESTYLE AND PROTEINURIA IN A HETEROGENEOUS YOUNG POPULATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Zullo ◽  
Lorenzo Dallari ◽  
Alfredo Bagalà ◽  
Chiara Somma ◽  
Giuseppe Ferro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
World Health ◽  
Dietary Salt ◽  
Dietary Salt Intake ◽  
Italian Regions

Abstract Background and Aims Obesity, hypertension, smoke, high dietary salt intake and physical inactivity are the main modifiable risk factors for chronic kidney disease, that affects about 9-10% of Italian people. About daily salt intake, the World Health Organization recommends a maximum consumption of 5 grams of salt per day. In Italy, most people consume too much salt – on average 8-10 grams per day or around twice the recommended maximum level of intake. Aim of this study was to investigate dietary habits and lifestyle of the heterogeneous students population of “Scuola Carabinieri di Firenze” (attended by people coming from all Italian regions) and their relations with urinary abnormalities. Method from November 2018 to March 2019 we collected anamnestic and anthropometric data, blood pressure measurements and body cellular mass (BCM) of 257 young subjects (152 males, 105 females; mean age 32 + 11 yy). We determinated sodium, chlorine and protein excretion on a spot urine sample in addition to plasma creatinine levels. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS. Results We analyzed preliminary data of urinary sodium excretion (UNa), proteinuria (Up) and hematuria (Urbc) of all the subjects. Fifty-five percent of them had a UNa higher than 100 mmol/L (approximately equivalent to a dietary salt intake of 6 grams/day). In these subjects with higher salt consumption, Up and Urbc, measured by urine dipstick, were detectable in 32% and 21% respectively. In subjects with lower salt intake (less than 6 grams/day), Up and Urbc were 0% and 5% respectively. To determine if there was an association between our variables, we used Pearson correlation coefficient. We found that UNa was directly related to Up (r 0.26, p 0.002), age (r 0.22 p 0.011) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP, r 0.22, p 0.012). We also found that poor exercise (r -0.15, p 0.7) and low lean body mass percentage (r -0.15, p 0.7) were inversely related to UNa. Conclusion high dietary salt intake is associated with elevated blood pressure and proteinuria in a young and “healthy” population. Hypertension and proteinuria are both known risk factors for the development of chronic kidney disease. Wrong dietary habits and lifestyles must be detected and corrected in order to prevent nephropathy onset.

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