Increased immunoglobulin G production by short term cultured duodenal biopsy samples from HIV infected patients

Background—Secretory immunity is a major defence mechanism against infections at mucosal surfaces which are common in HIV infected patients.Aims—To analyse intestinal immunoglobulin production in HIV infection in comparison with that in saliva and serum.Patients and methods—Immunoglobulin G (IgG), A (IgA), and M (IgM) concentrations were determined in supernatants of short term cultured duodenal biopsy samples, serum, and saliva from HIV infected patients (n = 28) and controls (n = 14) by radial immunodiffusion.Results—IgG was increased in the supernatants of short term cultured biopsy samples and saliva from HIV infected patients compared with controls (p<0.01), but IgA and IgM levels were normal. In contrast, both IgG and IgA concentrations in serum were higher in HIV infected patients than in controls (p<0.002). No correlation was found between IgA produced by duodenal biopsy specimens and serum IgA.Conclusion—Abnormalities in mucosal immunoglobulin production in HIV infection were suprisingly small, indicating that specific secretory immunity rather than quantitative immunoglobulin production may be impaired. However, increased production of IgG could contribute to mucosal inflammation by complement activation. Our findings of normal mucosal IgA production and the lack of correlation between serum and mucosal IgA argues against an intestinal origin for the increased serum IgA levels in HIV infected patients.

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Major Immunoglobulin Ratios in Carcinoma of the Head and Neck

Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology ◽

10.1177/000348947808700323 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 87 (3) ◽

pp. 412-415 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Arnold E. Katz ◽

John O. Nysather ◽

Lee A. Harker

Keyword(s):

Head And Neck ◽

Immunoglobulin G ◽

Immunoglobulin A ◽

Elevated Serum ◽

Immunoglobulin M ◽

Serum Immunoglobulin ◽

Control Groups ◽

Immunoglobulin Production ◽

Patients With Cancer ◽

Serum Iga

— Serum immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), and immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels were determined on 245 patients with carcinoma of the head and neck and on 92 controls. Ratios of these levels were calculated for each subject. The patients with cancer demonstrated elevated serum IgA levels ( P <.0001) and elevated IgA/IgM and IgA/IgG ratios ( P <.05). No differences were noted when the IgM/IgG ratios were compared between the cancer and the control groups. These observations are offered as evidence that previously reported elevations of serum IgA levels in patients with carcinoma of the head and neck are not merely an index of nonspecific increased immunoglobulin production in these patients.

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Clinical case of immunoglobulin G application with сhemo-resistant tuberculosis in combination with HIV-infection with severe immunosuppression

Tuberculosis Lung Diseases HIV Infection ◽

10.30978/tb2019-1-46 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 0 (1) ◽

pp. 46-51

Author(s):

N.А. Matsegora ◽

A.V. Kaprosh

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Immunoglobulin G ◽

Clinical Case ◽

Severe Immunosuppression ◽

Resistant Tuberculosis

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Increased Calbindin D28k Expression via Long-Term Alternate-Day Fasting Does Not Protect against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: A Focus on Delayed Neuronal Death, Gliosis and Immunoglobulin G Leakage

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22020644 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 644

Author(s):

Hyejin Sim ◽

Tae-Kyeong Lee ◽

Yeon Ho Yoo ◽

Ji Hyeon Ahn ◽

Dae Won Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immunoglobulin G ◽

Pyramidal Neurons ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Forebrain Ischemia ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Memory ◽

Transient Forebrain Ischemia ◽

Ca1 Pyramidal Neurons ◽

Ca1 Region ◽

Calbindin D28k

Calbindin-D28k (CB), a calcium-binding protein, mediates diverse neuronal functions. In this study, adult gerbils were fed a normal diet (ND) or exposed to intermittent fasting (IF) for three months, and were randomly assigned to sham or ischemia operated groups. Ischemic injury was induced by transient forebrain ischemia for 5 min. Short-term memory was examined via passive avoidance test. CB expression was investigated in the Cornu Ammonis 1 (CA1) region of the hippocampus via western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Finally, histological analysis was used to assess neuroprotection and gliosis (microgliosis and astrogliosis) in the CA1 region. Short-term memory did not vary significantly between ischemic gerbils with IF and those exposed to ND. CB expression was increased significantly in the CA1 pyramidal neurons of ischemic gerbils with IF compared with that of gerbils fed ND. However, the CB expression was significantly decreased in ischemic gerbils with IF, similarly to that of ischemic gerbils exposed to ND. The CA1 pyramidal neurons were not protected from ischemic injury in both groups, and gliosis (astrogliosis and microgliosis) was gradually increased with time after ischemia. In addition, immunoglobulin G was leaked into the CA1 parenchyma from blood vessels and gradually increased with time after ischemic insult in both groups. Taken together, our study suggests that IF for three months increases CB expression in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons; however, the CA1 pyramidal neurons are not protected from transient forebrain ischemia. This failure in neuroprotection may be attributed to disruption of the blood–brain barrier, which triggers gliosis after ischemic insults.

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Clinical and Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Long-Term Therapy With Didanosine in Children with HIV Infection

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.94.5.724 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 94 (5) ◽

pp. 724-731 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Brigitta U. Mueller ◽

Karina M. Butler ◽

Vicki L. Stocker ◽

Frank M. Balis ◽

Philip A. Pizzo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Chronic Administration ◽

Cd4 Count ◽

Term Therapy ◽

Short Term ◽

Apparent Relationship ◽

Term Administration ◽

Long Term Therapy

Background. Didanosine has demonstrated promising antiviral activity and a tolerable toxicity profile in short term studies. We describe a cohort of HIV-infected children who were treated for a prolonged period of time with didanosine. Methods. Children (6 months to 18 years of age) with symptomatic HIV infection or an absolute CD4 count < 0.5 x 109 cells/L, received oral didanosine at doses between 20 mg/m2 to 180 mg/m2 every 8 hours. Clinical, immunological, and virological parameters were assessed at least every 2 months. The pharmacokinetics of didanosine were evaluated in 85 patients. Results. Previously untreated children (n = 51) and children who had received prior antiretroviral therapy (n = 52) were enrolled in the study (median time on study 22.6 months; range 2 to 48). The long-term administration of didanosine was well tolerated and no new toxicities were observed. The absolute CD4 count increased by ≥ .05 x 109 cells/L in 28 of 87 (32%) of patients after 6 months of therapy. Responses were also sustained in 41% of these children after 3 years of therapy. Children entering the study with a CD4 count >0.1 x 109 cells/L (n = 51) had a marked survival advantage (P = .00002) with an estimated survival probability after 3 years of 80% compared to 39% for children with lower CD4 counts. Although the area under the curve of didanosine increased proportionally with the dose, there was considerable interpatient variability at each dose level. There was no apparent relationship between surrogate markers of clinical outcome and plasma drug concentration. Conclusions. Didanosine was well tolerated with chronic administration, and toxicities were uncommon and usually reversible. In 41% of patients, the CD4 count increased and was maintained at the higher level even after years of treatment.

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