A short term projection of HIV infection and AIDS cases in Cameroon

Background. Didanosine has demonstrated promising antiviral activity and a tolerable toxicity profile in short term studies. We describe a cohort of HIV-infected children who were treated for a prolonged period of time with didanosine. Methods. Children (6 months to 18 years of age) with symptomatic HIV infection or an absolute CD4 count < 0.5 x 109 cells/L, received oral didanosine at doses between 20 mg/m2 to 180 mg/m2 every 8 hours. Clinical, immunological, and virological parameters were assessed at least every 2 months. The pharmacokinetics of didanosine were evaluated in 85 patients. Results. Previously untreated children (n = 51) and children who had received prior antiretroviral therapy (n = 52) were enrolled in the study (median time on study 22.6 months; range 2 to 48). The long-term administration of didanosine was well tolerated and no new toxicities were observed. The absolute CD4 count increased by ≥ .05 x 109 cells/L in 28 of 87 (32%) of patients after 6 months of therapy. Responses were also sustained in 41% of these children after 3 years of therapy. Children entering the study with a CD4 count >0.1 x 109 cells/L (n = 51) had a marked survival advantage (P = .00002) with an estimated survival probability after 3 years of 80% compared to 39% for children with lower CD4 counts. Although the area under the curve of didanosine increased proportionally with the dose, there was considerable interpatient variability at each dose level. There was no apparent relationship between surrogate markers of clinical outcome and plasma drug concentration. Conclusions. Didanosine was well tolerated with chronic administration, and toxicities were uncommon and usually reversible. In 41% of patients, the CD4 count increased and was maintained at the higher level even after years of treatment.

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FP570THE EFFECT OF HIV INFECTION ON SHORT TERM OUTCOMES AMONG PATIENTS UNDERGOING PERITONEAL DIALYSIS

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfv180.22 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 30 (suppl_3) ◽

pp. iii264-iii264

Author(s):

Kwazi CZ Ndlovu ◽

Alain Assounga

Keyword(s):

Peritoneal Dialysis ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Short Term

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Increased immunoglobulin G production by short term cultured duodenal biopsy samples from HIV infected patients

Gut ◽

10.1136/gut.42.3.357 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 357-361 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

T Schneider ◽

T Zippel ◽

W Schmidt ◽

G Pauli ◽

U Wahnschaffe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Immunoglobulin G ◽

Duodenal Biopsy ◽

Mucosal Inflammation ◽

Short Term ◽

Immunoglobulin Production ◽

Secretory Immunity ◽

Serum Iga ◽

Intestinal Origin ◽

Iga Production

Background—Secretory immunity is a major defence mechanism against infections at mucosal surfaces which are common in HIV infected patients.Aims—To analyse intestinal immunoglobulin production in HIV infection in comparison with that in saliva and serum.Patients and methods—Immunoglobulin G (IgG), A (IgA), and M (IgM) concentrations were determined in supernatants of short term cultured duodenal biopsy samples, serum, and saliva from HIV infected patients (n = 28) and controls (n = 14) by radial immunodiffusion.Results—IgG was increased in the supernatants of short term cultured biopsy samples and saliva from HIV infected patients compared with controls (p<0.01), but IgA and IgM levels were normal. In contrast, both IgG and IgA concentrations in serum were higher in HIV infected patients than in controls (p<0.002). No correlation was found between IgA produced by duodenal biopsy specimens and serum IgA.Conclusion—Abnormalities in mucosal immunoglobulin production in HIV infection were suprisingly small, indicating that specific secretory immunity rather than quantitative immunoglobulin production may be impaired. However, increased production of IgG could contribute to mucosal inflammation by complement activation. Our findings of normal mucosal IgA production and the lack of correlation between serum and mucosal IgA argues against an intestinal origin for the increased serum IgA levels in HIV infected patients.

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P6.15 Short-term mobility and the risk of hiv infection among married couples in the fishing communities along lake victoria, kenya

10.1136/sextrans-2017-053264.666 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Njeri Mbugua ◽

Elizabeth Ann Bukusi ◽

Isaac Mwanzo ◽

Zachary A Kwena

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Lake Victoria ◽

Married Couples ◽

Fishing Communities ◽

Short Term

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Short-Term Mobility and the Risk of HIV Infection among Married Couples in the Fishing Communities along Lake Victoria, Kenya

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0054523 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. e54523 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Zachary A. Kwena ◽

Carol S. Camlin ◽

Chris A. Shisanya ◽

Isaac Mwanzo ◽

Elizabeth A. Bukusi

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Lake Victoria ◽

Married Couples ◽

Fishing Communities ◽

Short Term

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Analysis of the causes of death in HIV-infected individuals in 2008-2010 according to the data of the clinical infectious diseases hospital named after S.P. Botkin, St. Petersburg

Kazan medical journal ◽

10.17816/kmj1884 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 93 (3) ◽

pp. 522-526 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A G Rakhmanova ◽

A A Yakovlev ◽

M I Dmitrieva ◽

T N Vinogradova ◽

A A Kozlov

Keyword(s):

Infectious Diseases ◽

Hiv Infection ◽

Viral Hepatitis ◽

Causes Of Death ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Chronic Viral Hepatitis ◽

Concomitant Disease ◽

Short Term ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Short Term Mortality

Aim. To analyse the causes of death of individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital named after S.P. Botkin in 2008-2010 taking into account the timing of disease, comorbidities, and clinical and laboratory data. Methods. The study included 439 HIV-infected individuals, who died in the Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital named after S.P. Botkin in 2008-2010. Two groups of patients were identified: deaths from HIV/AIDS (n=306) and from other diseases (n=133, HIV infection was considered to be a concomitant disease). In both groups, analyzed were the short-term mortality rates, the presence of drugs and/or alcohol dependency, and the main causes of death (according to autopsy results). Results. In the group of patients who died of HIV-infection/AIDS and who did not receive antiretroviral therapy, generalized tuberculosis was diagnosed most often (65.7% of cases). Other rare diseases were pneumocystis pneumonia, cryptococcosis, cerebral toxoplasmosis, generalized fungal infection, cerebral lymphoma, and cytomegalovirus infection. The most frequent causes of death in the group of patients whose HIV-infection was considered to be a concomitant diseases were chronic viral hepatitis in the cirrhotic stage (42.9%) and septic thromboendocarditis, which were mainly diagnosed in social maladjusted patients: patients with alcoholism or intravenous drugs users. During evaluation of the short-term mortality rates it was established that 21 to 29% of patients in different years died on the 1st-3rd day after admission, which was related to extremely severe conditions of the patients. In Russia, including St. Petersburg, an annual increase in the number of new cases of HIV infection and increased mortality are registered, which indicates the severity of the epidemic and makes it possible to predict the increase in the number of patients requiring hospital treatment. Conclusion. The main causes of death among HIV-infected individuals in 2008-2010 were generalized tuberculosis and chronic viral hepatitis in the stage of cirrhosis; the high index of short-term mortality among HIV-infected patients suggests the need for measures for early detection of HIV-positive individuals and their medical examination, as well as an increase in the number of beds in order to provide specialized care to HIV-infected individuals in St. Petersburg.

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Epidemic Manifestations of Tuberculosis in Regions of Siberia with Various Prevalence of HIV Infection

Epidemiology and Vaccinal Prevention ◽

10.31631/2073-3046-2015-14-5-31-35 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 31-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

O. A. Pasechnik ◽

V. L. Stasenko ◽

A. I. Bloh

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Surveillance System ◽

Federal District ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Siberian Federal District ◽

Short Term ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance System

On the territory of the Siberian Federal District 2005 - 2014 period was characterized by a moderate tendency to reduce the incidence of tuberculosis and marked increase in the incidence of HIV infection. The subjects of the Siberian Federal District, the prevalence of HIV infection in which exceeded the level of 705.0 per 100 thousand people, had significant differences in the incidence rates of tuberculosis (115.4), the prevalence of tuberculosis (278.6 per 100 thousand), disability (73.3 per 100 thousand) and deaths from TB infection (25.5 per 100 thousand). The unfavorable short-term outlook for the morbidity of HIV-associated tuberculosis requires a change in approaches to epidemiological surveillance system for HIV and TB.

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HIV-1: maternal prognosis

Revista do Hospital das Clínicas ◽

10.1590/s0041-87812004000100005 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 25-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Patrícia El Beitune ◽

Geraldo Duarte ◽

Silvana Maria Quintana ◽

Ernesto Antônio Figueiró-Filho

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Present Article ◽

Term Effect ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Short Term ◽

Immunologic Function ◽

The World ◽

Hiv 1

Profound modifications in the profile of patients are currently being observed within the epidemic context of AIDS, especially with respect to pauperization and feminization of the disease. The population most frequently affected is in the reproductive age, and among adults aged 18 to 24 years, the ratio is 1 man to 1 woman, a phenomenon occurring uniformly all over the world. One of the main challenges for HIV-1-infected pregnant women and their doctors is the effect of the interaction between HIV infection and pregnancy. The present article is a review of the literature; and its objective is to assess the influence of HIV-1 infection seen from the maternal perspective, with a discussion of immunologic function, maternal prognosis, and the HIV-abortion interface. At present, we cannot conclude that pregnancy has a short-term effect on the evolution of HIV infection, but the concomitance of HIV and pregnancy may adversely affect the prognosis of gestation, especially in view of its frequent association with increased abortion and puerperal morbidity rates.

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