scholarly journals Spectrum of impulse control behaviours in Parkinson’s disease: pathophysiology and management

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 703-711
Author(s):  
Mark John Kelly ◽  
Fahd Baig ◽  
Michele Tao-Ming Hu ◽  
David Okai
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Impulse Control ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Vulnerability Factors ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Functional Changes

Impulse control behaviours (ICBs) are a range of behaviours linked by their reward-based, repetitive natures. They can be precipitated in Parkinson’s disease (PD) by dopamine replacement therapy, often with detrimental consequences for patients and caregivers. While now a well-recognised non-motor feature of treated PD, much remains unknown about the influence of risk factors, pathophysiological mechanisms, vulnerability factors for specific types of behaviour and the optimal management strategies. Imaging studies have identified structural and functional changes in striatal and prefrontal brain regions, among others. Gene association studies indicate a role for genetic predisposition to PD-ICB. Clinical observational studies have identified potential modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Psychological studies shed light on the neurocognitive domains implicated in PD-ICBs and identify psychosocial determinants that may perpetuate the cycle of impulsive and harm-avoidance behaviours. Based on these results, a range of pharmacological and non-pharmacological management strategies have been trialled in PD-ICBs with varying success. The purpose of this review is to update clinicians on the evidence around the pathophysiology of PD-ICB. We aim to translate our findings into an interpretable biopsychosocial model that can be applied to the clinical assessment and management of individual cases of PD-ICB.

Parkinson’s disease and parkinsonism

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sathiji Nageshwaran ◽  
Heather C Wilson ◽  
Anthony Dickenson ◽  
David Ledingham
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Multiple System Atrophy ◽  
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy ◽  
Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Impulse Control ◽  
Serotonin Syndrome ◽  
Corticobasal Degeneration ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Pharmacological Management

This chapter discusses the evidence-based pharmacological management of motor and non-motor (autonomic disease, dementia, psychosis, depression, and sleep disorder) Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Parkinson’s plus syndromes (progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), multiple system atrophy (MSA), and corticobasal degeneration (CBD)). Drugs to use with caution in parkinsonism are highlighted. Clinical features and evidence-based management of impulse control disorders (ICDs), serotonin syndrome, dopamine agonist withdrawal syndrome (DAWS), and neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)/Parkinson’s hyperpyrexia syndrome (PHS) are also reviewed.

scholarly journals Brain Impairment revealed by Multi-Modality MRI in Parkinson’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Ran ◽  
Gong Ping ◽  
Ge Haitao
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Lingual Gyrus ◽  
Postcentral Gyrus ◽  
Normal Ageing ◽  
Abnormal Brain

AbstractObjectiveTo study the abnormal brain regions of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) using multimodality MRI to provide complementary information for early detection for PD.Methods27 patients with early PD and 25 normal ageing volunteers were included in the study. Multimodality MRI data were acquired and processed to extract neuroimaging features to test the structural and functional changes using a two-sample t-test.ResultsThe changes of brain regions were disagreed for different modality MRI data between PD and normal ageing individuals. Nevertheless,the postcentral gyrus, precentral gyrus, lingual gyrus and paracentral lobule were significantly different for all three modalities.ConclusionMultimodality MRI data can reflect the structural and functional changes of PD, and reveal the hidden information which is of great significance to assist early detection for PD.

scholarly journals Risk factors for impulse control disorders and related behaviors in Parkinson’s disease: secondary analyses of the ICARUS study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Barone ◽  
Angelo Antonini ◽  
Paolo Stanzione ◽  
Karin Annoni ◽  
Mahnaz Asgharnejad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Impulse Control ◽  
Impulse Control Disorders ◽  
Secondary Analyses

scholarly journals Single-cell epigenomic identification of inherited risk loci in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ryan Corces ◽  
Anna Shcherbina ◽  
Soumya Kundu ◽  
Michael J. Gloudemans ◽  
Laure Frésard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Chromatin Accessibility ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms

ABSTRACTGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified thousands of variants associated with disease phenotypes. However, the majority of these variants do not alter coding sequences, making it difficult to assign their function. To this end, we present a multi-omic epigenetic atlas of the adult human brain through profiling of the chromatin accessibility landscapes and three-dimensional chromatin interactions of seven brain regions across a cohort of 39 cognitively healthy individuals. Single-cell chromatin accessibility profiling of 70,631 cells from six of these brain regions identifies 24 distinct cell clusters and 359,022 cell type-specific regulatory elements, capturing the regulatory diversity of the adult brain. We develop a machine learning classifier to integrate this multi-omic framework and predict dozens of functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), nominating gene and cellular targets for previously orphaned GWAS loci. These predictions both inform well-studied disease-relevant genes, such as BIN1 in microglia for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and reveal novel gene-disease associations, such as STAB1 in microglia and MAL in oligodendrocytes for Parkinson’s disease (PD). Moreover, we dissect the complex inverted haplotype of the MAPT (encoding tau) PD risk locus, identifying ectopic enhancer-gene contacts in neurons that increase MAPT expression and may mediate this disease association. This work greatly expands our understanding of inherited variation in AD and PD and provides a roadmap for the epigenomic dissection of noncoding regulatory variation in disease.

scholarly journals A genetic and transcriptomic assessment of the KTN1 gene in Parkinson’s disease risk

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anni Moore ◽  
Sara Bandres-Ciga ◽  
Cornelis Blauwendraat ◽  
Monica Diez-Fairen
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Whole Genome Sequencing Data ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder caused by both genetic and environmental factors. A recent finding has suggested an association between KTN1 genetic variants and changes in its expression in the putamen and substantia nigra brain regions and an increased risk for PD. Here, we examine the link between PD susceptibility and KTN1 using individual-level genotyping data and summary statistics from the most recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for PD risk and age at onset from the International Parkinson’s Disease Genomics Consortium (IPDGC), as well as whole-genome sequencing data from the Accelerating Medicines Partnership Parkinson’s disease (AMP-PD) initiative. To investigate the potential effect of changes in KTN1 expression on PD compared to healthy individuals, we further assess publicly available expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) results from GTEx v8 and BRAINEAC and transcriptomics data from AMP-PD. Overall, we found no genetic associations between KTN1 and PD in our cohorts but found potential evidence of differences in mRNA expression, which needs to be further explored.

scholarly journals O6E.4 Metabolome and exposome profiling: new opportunities to study risk factors for parkinson’s disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A60.1-A60
Author(s):  
Susan Peters ◽  
Douglas Walker ◽  
Gary Miller ◽  
Marc Chadeau-Hyam ◽  
Paolo Vineis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Incidence Density ◽  
Exogenous Compounds ◽  
Nested Case Control

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer disease and is imposing an increasing social and economic burden in ageing populations. Although the role of environmental factors has been recognised, few established risk factors have been consistently identified. Evidence that exposure to pesticides, herbicides and metals increase PD risk is suggestive, but further research is needed to identify specific compounds that may play a causal role.Large established prospective population studies offer an important opportunity for investigating risk factors in relatively rare diseases such as PD. Within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort, 734 incident PD cases have been ascertained, for whom pre-diagnostic blood has been stored. A nested case-control study will be conducted, where one control per case will be selected by incidence density sampling matched by age at recruitment, sex and study centre.Untargeted metabolomics can simultaneously characterize thousands of endogenous and exogenous compounds within a biological sample: the metabolome. Metabolome wide association studies (MWAS) have identified significant differences in the metabolomic profile of older adults with and without PD. We will employ an innovative approach combining liquid and gas phase chromatography with ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC/GC-UHRMS), to identify exogenous chemical exposures (e.g. pollutants, pesticides and medications), the exposome, in addition to the metabolome.Disease specific variability in blood metabolite compositions may signify the presence of mechanistic aberrations contributing to PD pathogenesis. The combination of metabolome and exposome profiling provides a measure of the continuum from exposure to disease. Allowing previously unavailable richness and depth for characterizing the metabolome and exposome upon which novel discoveries in PD can be made.The EPIC cohort allows us to perform a to study the metabolome and exposome well before disease onset, to eliminate possible effects of levodopa medication or disease-related processes.

Impulse control disorders in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review on risk factors and pathophysiology

2019 ◽  
Vol 398 ◽  
pp. 101-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desiree Latella ◽  
Maria Grazia Maggio ◽  
Giuseppa Maresca ◽  
Anna Federica Saporoso ◽  
Maria Le Cause ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Impulse Control ◽  
Impulse Control Disorders
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