scholarly journals Assault predicts time away from work after claims for work-related mild traumatic brain injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 471-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reema Shafi ◽  
Peter M Smith ◽  
Angela Colantonio
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Workplace Violence ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Physical Assault ◽  
Mechanism Of Injury ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Time Away

IntroductionWorkplace violence carries a substantial economic loss burden. Up to 10% of all traumatic brain injury (TBI) admissions result from physical assault. There remains a paucity of research on assault as a mechanism of injury, taking into account sex, and its association with work re-entry.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to characterise, by sex, the sample of workers who had sustained a work-related mild TBI (wr-mTBI) and to assess the independent influence of assault, as a mechanism of injury, on time away from work.MethodsA population-based retrospective cohort of workers’ compensation claimants in Australia (n=3129) who had sustained a wr-mTBI was used for this study. A multivariable logistic regression analysis assessed whether workers who had sustained wr-mTBI as a result of assault (wr-mTBI-assault) were more likely to claim time off work compared with workers who had sustained a wr-mTBI due to other mechanisms.ResultsAmong claimants who sustained a wr-mTBI, 9% were as a result of assault. The distribution of demographic and vocational variables differed between the wr-mTBI-assault, and not due to assault, both in the full sample, and separately for men and women. After controlling for potential confounding factors, workers who sustained wr-mTBI-assault, compared with other mechanisms, were more likely to take days off work (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.53 to 2.99) within a 3-month timeframe.ConclusionThe results have policy-related implications. Sex-specific and workplace-specific prevention strategies need to be considered and provisions to support return-to-work and well-being within this vulnerable cohort should be examined.

Cortisol stress reactivity and spiritual well-being after traumatic brain injury

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul C. Hubbarth ◽  
Lisa J. Rapport ◽  
Brigid Waldron-Perrine ◽  
Sarah-Jane Meachen
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Stress Reactivity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Spiritual Well Being

Oxidative Stress: Major Threat in Traumatic Brain Injury

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 689-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidhi Khatri ◽  
Manisha Thakur ◽  
Vikas Pareek ◽  
Sandeep Kumar ◽  
Sunil Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Calcium Influx ◽  
Neuronal Cell Death ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Physical Assault ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Primary Injury

Background & Objective: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. It represents mild, moderate and severe effects of physical assault to brain which may cause sequential, primary or secondary ramifications. Primary injury can be due to the first physical hit, blow or jolt to one of the brain compartments. The primary injury is then followed by secondary injury which leads to biochemical, cellular, and physiological changes like blood brain barrier disruption, inflammation, excitotoxicity, necrosis, apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and generation of oxidative stress. Apart from this, there is also an immediate increase in glutamate at the synapses following severe TBI. Excessive glutamate at synapses in turn activates corresponding NMDA and AMPA receptors that facilitate excessive calcium influx into the neuronal cells. This leads to the generation of oxidative stress which further leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, lipid peroxidation and oxidation of proteins and DNA. As a consequence, neuronal cell death takes place and ultimately people start facing some serious disabilies. Conclusion: In the present review we provide extensive overview of the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative stress and its fatal effects on brain after TBI.

Chronic psychiatric changes in a severe post-traumatic brain injury patient

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S318-S318
Author(s):  
J. Silva ◽  
J. Mota ◽  
P. Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Social Impairment ◽  
Mood Stabilizers ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies ◽  
Injury Patient ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionSevere traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes neuropsychiatric disturbances. Emotional and personality disturbances seem to cause much more seriously handicap than residual cognitive or physical disabilities. The prognosis may be poor associated with marked social impairment, so a multidisciplinary approach team is required in order to improve patient's quality of life and reintegration in family and society.ObjectivesTo summarize the latest literature about this field and to present a case report.AimTo explore and learn more about chronic psychiatric changes in severe post-traumatic brain injury and share with the scientific community how challenging the approach of this entity can be.MethodsA brief review of the latest literature was performed, using PubMed and the keywords “traumatic brain injury” and “psychiatric changes”. A case report is presented.ResultsAlthough SSRI, benzodiazepines, mood stabilizers and antipsychotics are commonly used, new options are reported such as methylphenidate and cholinesterase inhibitors. The presented patient, a 27-year-old male, began with neuropsychiatric disturbances after a work-related fall from 9 meters high: convulsions and alcohol compulsive drinking. Three years have passed and his changes are still difficult to approach. Besides other medication, such as benzodiazepines and mood stabilizers, flufenazine injections and naltrexone seemed to be determinant in his behaviour and mood stabilization. He is also on a long-term alcoholism programme.ConclusionsAlthough the understanding of TBI-associated neuropsychiatric disorders has improved in the last decade, further research is needed, such as randomized-controlled studies to study new pharmacological and non-pharmacological approach.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Aetiology of Traumatic Brain Injury in Bauchi, North East Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ogunleye Olabisi Oluwagbeiga ◽  
Ibrahim Shaphat Shuaibu ◽  
Obanife Henry Olayere
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
North East ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Trauma Deaths

Background: Trauma is the leading cause of death among teens and youth in the developing countries. Head injury accounts for nearly onethird of all trauma deaths and is the leading cause of disability and economic loss. The aim was to study the aetiological pattern of head injury and to highlight the burden of the aetiological factors in our setting. Materials and method: A prospective study on patients admitted with traumatic brain injury at Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital, Bauchi, a tertiary hospital located in North-eastern Nigeria with neurosurgical services being rendered to her primary and referred patients. Data were collected using structured proforma and were analysed using SPSS version 20 software. Descriptive statistics expressed in mean, frequency and percentages. Results: Five hundred and thirty-seven patients were recruited into the study.

Blast Traumatic Brain Injury Mechanisms

Neurotrauma ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 111-122
Author(s):  
Elizabeth McNeil ◽  
Zachary Bailey ◽  
Allison Guettler ◽  
Pamela VandeVord
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Mechanism Of Injury ◽  
Primary Blast ◽  
Blast Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Injury Mechanisms ◽  
Biomechanical Investigation

Blast traumatic brain injury (bTBI) is a leading cause of head injury in soldiers returning from the battlefield. Primary blast brain injury remains controversial with little evidence to support a primary mechanism of injury. The four main theories described herein include blast wave transmission through skull orifices, direct cranial transmission, thoracic surge, and skull flexure dynamics. It is possible that these mechanisms do not occur exclusively from each other, but rather that several of them lead to primary blast brain injury. Biomechanical investigation with in-vivo, cadaver, and finite element models would greatly increase our understanding of bTBI mechanisms.

Community Integration in Traumatic Brain Injury: The Contributing Factor of Affect Recognition Deficits

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (08) ◽  
pp. 890-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison S. Binder ◽  
Katie Lancaster ◽  
Jean Lengenfelder ◽  
Nancy D. Chiaravalloti ◽  
Helen M. Genova
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Community Integration ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Affect Recognition ◽  
Dynamic Task ◽  
Inference Test ◽  
Social Cognitive Deficits

AbstractObjective: Individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) can experience social isolation, which is damaging to well-being and counterproductive to successful rehabilitation. It has been proposed that social cognitive deficits that commonly result from TBI may contribute to weakened social integration. However, the consequences of specific social cognitive deficits in TBI are still being delineated. The current work sought to better characterize the relationship between community integration and facial affect recognition (FAR) in TBI. Participants and Methods: A total of 27 participants with moderate to severe TBI and 30 healthy controls (HCs) completed two tests of FAR, which employed either static photographic stimuli or dynamic video stimuli (The Awareness of Social Inference Test). The Community Integration Questionnaire was also administered to participants. Results: Participants with TBI were significantly impaired on both the static and dynamic FAR measures, yet the deficits were most pronounced within the dynamic task. Furthermore, participants with TBI reported lower community integration compared with HCs. FAR was positively associated with community integration in both groups, such that participants with proficient affect recognition skills were better integrated into their communities. Conclusions: FAR deficits may contribute to the lack of community integration often observed in TBI; thus, interventions designed to improve FAR may be beneficial to this population’s ability to successfully reintegrate into society.

Correlating the Blood Alcohol Concentration with Outcome after Traumatic Brain Injury: Too Much Is Not a Bad Thing

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 1416-1419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherisse Berry ◽  
Eric J. Ley ◽  
Daniel R. Margulies ◽  
James Mirocha ◽  
Marko Bukur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Severe Tbi ◽  
The Relationship

Although recent evidence suggests a beneficial effect of alcohol for patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), the level of alcohol that confers the protective effect is unknown. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between admission blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and outcomes in patients with isolated moderate to severe TBI. From 2005 to 2009, the Los Angeles County Trauma Database was queried for all patients ≥14 years of age with isolated moderate to severe TBI and admission serum alcohol levels. Patients were then stratified into four levels based on admission BAC: None (0 mg/dL), low (0-100 mg/dL), moderate (100-230 mg/dL), and high (≥230 mg/dL). Demographics, patient characteristics, and outcomes were compared across levels. In evaluating 3794 patients, the mortality rate decreased with increasing BAC levels (linear trend P < 0.0001). In determining the relationship between BAC and mortality, multivariable logistic regression analysis demonstrated a high BAC level was significantly protective (adjusted odds ratio 0.55; 95% confidence interval: 0.38-0.8; P = 0.002). In the largest study to date, a high (≥230 mg/dL) admission BAC was independently associated with improved survival in patients with isolated moderate to severe TBI. Additional research is warranted to investigate the potential therapeutic implications.

scholarly journals Modeling the Prospective Relationships of Impairment, Injury Severity, and Participation to Quality of Life Following Traumatic Brain Injury

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan J. Kalpinski ◽  
Meredith L. C. Williamson ◽  
Timothy R. Elliott ◽  
Jack W. Berry ◽  
Andrea T. Underhill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Predictor Variables ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Optimal Adjustment

Identifying reliable predictors of positive adjustment following traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains an important area of inquiry. Unfortunately, much of available research examines direct relationships between predictor variables and outcomes without attending to the contextual relationships that can exist between predictor variables. Relying on theoretical models of well-being, we examined a theoretical model of adjustment in which the capacity to engage in intentional activities would be prospectively associated with greater participation, which in turn would predict subsequent life satisfaction and perceived health assessed at a later time. Structural equation modeling of data collected from 312 individuals (226 men, 86 women) with TBI revealed that two elements of participation—mobility and occupational activities—mediated the prospective influence of functional independence and injury severity to optimal adjustment 60 months following medical discharge for TBI. The model accounted for 21% of the variance in life satisfaction and 23% of the variance in self-rated health. Results indicate that the effects of functional independence and injury severity to optimal adjustment over time may be best understood in the context of participation in meaningful, productive activities. Implications for theoretical models of well-being and for clinical interventions that promote adjustmentafter TBI are discussed.

Work-related mild-moderate traumatic brain injury and the construction industry

Work ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Liu ◽  
Wenli Wei ◽  
Jennifer Fergenbaum ◽  
Paul Comper ◽  
Angela Colantonio
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury
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