Changes in prolonged sedentary behaviour across the transition to retirement

BackgroundProlonged sedentary behaviour is associated with a higher risk of cardiometabolic diseases. This longitudinal study examined changes in daily total, prolonged (≥30 min) and highly prolonged (≥60 min) sedentary time across the transition to retirement by gender and occupational status.MethodsWe included 689 aging workers (mean (SD) age before retirement 63.2 (1.6) years, 85% women) from the Finnish Retirement and Aging Study (FIREA). Sedentary time was measured annually using a wrist-worn triaxial ActiGraph accelerometer before and after retirement with on average 3.4 (range 2–4) measurement points.ResultsWomen increased daily total sedentary time by 22 min (95% CI 13 to 31), prolonged sedentary time by 34 min (95% CI 27 to 42) and highly prolonged sedentary time by 15 min (95% CI 11 to 20) in the transition to retirement, and remained at the higher level of sedentary time years after retirement. The highest increase in total and prolonged sedentary time was observed among women retiring from manual occupations. Men had more total and prolonged sedentary time compared with women before and after retirement. Although no changes in men’s sedentary time were observed during the retirement transition, there was a gradual increase of 33 min (95% CI 6 to 60) in prolonged sedentary time from pre-retirement years to post-retirement years.ConclusionThe transition to retirement was accompanied by an abrupt increase in prolonged sedentary time in women but a more gradual increase in men. The retirement transition may be a suitable time period for interventions aiming to decrease sedentary behaviour.

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Objectively Measured Sedentary Time Before and After Transition to Retirement: The Finnish Retirement and Aging Study

The Journals of Gerontology Series A ◽

10.1093/gerona/glz127 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 75 (9) ◽

pp. 1737-1743 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kristin Suorsa ◽

Anna Pulakka ◽

Tuija Leskinen ◽

Ilkka Heinonen ◽

Olli J Heinonen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sedentary Time ◽

Occupational Status ◽

Retirement Transition ◽

Before And After ◽

Aging Study ◽

Study Population ◽

Transition To Retirement ◽

Time Changes ◽

High Level ◽

Objectively Measured

AbstractBackgroundRetirement is associated with an increase in self-reported daily sedentary time, but no longitudinal evidence exists on how objectively measured sedentary time changes during retirement transition. The aim of this study was to compare objectively measured daily and hourly sedentary time before and after retirement and examine whether these changes differ by gender and occupational status.MethodsThe study population consisted of 478 participants (mean age 63.2 years, standard deviation 1.7, 85% women) from the Finnish Retirement and Aging Study. Sedentary time was measured using a wrist-worn triaxial ActiGraph accelerometer before and after transition to retirement with 1 year interval. Preretirement occupational status was categorized as manual and non-manual.ResultsDaily sedentary time was 8 hours 10 minutes in women and 9 hours 49 minutes in men before retirement. Considering all measurement days before and after retirement, daily sedentary time increased in women by 29 minutes (95% confidence interval [CI]: 20 to 38). Especially women retiring from manual occupations showed marked increase in sedentary time (63 minutes, 95% CI: 50 to 77). When only non-working days before retirement were considered, increase in daily sedentary time among women was less marked (16 minutes, 95% CI: 7 to 25). Among men, daily sedentary time did not change in retirement transition (−7 minutes, 95% CI: −26 to 12).ConclusionsObjectively measured sedentary time increases among women and remains at high level among men during the retirement transition. Attention should be paid to reduce daily sedentary time in retiring women and men.

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Changes in non-occupational sedentary behaviours across the retirement transition: the Finnish Retirement and Aging (FIREA) study

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health ◽

10.1136/jech-2017-209958 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 72 (8) ◽

pp. 695-701 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Tuija Leskinen ◽

Anna Pulakka ◽

Olli J Heinonen ◽

Jaana Pentti ◽

Mika Kivimäki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sedentary Behaviour ◽

Computer Use ◽

Television Viewing ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Activity Level ◽

Sitting Time ◽

Domain Specific ◽

Sedentary Behaviours ◽

Retirement Transition ◽

At Home

BackgroundRetirement is a major life transition which may influence health behaviours and time use. Little is known about how sedentary behaviour changes as a result of increased time availability after retirement. The aim of this study was to examine changes in non-occupational sedentary behaviours across the retirement transition. In addition, we examined which preretirement characteristics were associated with these changes.MethodsThe study population consisted of 2011 participants from the Finnish Retirement and Aging Study. Repeated postal survey including questions on sedentary behaviour domains (television viewing, computer use at home, sitting in a vehicle and other sitting) were conducted once a year across the retirement transition, covering on average 3.4 study waves. Linear regression with generalised estimating equations was used for the analyses.ResultsTotal sedentary time increased by 73 (95% CI 66 to 80) min/day during the retirement transition. Of the domain-specific sedentary behaviours, television viewing time increased by 28 (95% CI 25 to 32) min/day, computer use at home by 19 (95% CI 17 to 22) min/day and other sitting time by 37 (95% CI 33 to 41) min/day, while time sitting in a vehicle decreased by 6 (95% CI 4 to 9) min/day. Highest increase in total sedentary time was among women and persons who had high occupational sitting time, low physical activity level, sleep difficulties, mental disorders or poor health before retirement (all p values for interaction <0.03).ConclusionTotal and domain-specific sedentary time, except sitting in a vehicle, increased during the retirement transition.

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Increases in wellbeing in the transition to retirement for the unemployed: catching up with formerly employed persons

Ageing and Society ◽

10.1017/s0144686x17000976 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 254-276 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

VALENTINA PONOMARENKO ◽

ANJA K. LEIST ◽

LOUIS CHAUVEL

Keyword(s):

Life Satisfaction ◽

Labour Market ◽

Subjective Wellbeing ◽

Difference Model ◽

Catching Up ◽

Retirement Transition ◽

Before And After ◽

Country Differences ◽

Transition To Retirement ◽

The Unemployed

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the extent to which wellbeing levels change in the transition to retirement depending on transitioning from being employed, unemployed or economically inactive. Whereas transitioning from employment to unemployment has been found to cause a decrease in subjective wellbeing with more time spent in unemployment, it is not clear how transitioning from unemployment to retirement affects wellbeing levels. We use the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe to monitor the life satisfaction of respondents who retire in between two waves. We portray wellbeing scores before and after retirement and then identify the change in life satisfaction during the retirement transition using a First Difference model. Results indicate that being unemployed before retirement is associated with an increase in life satisfaction, but presents mainly a catching-up effect compared to employed persons transitioning to retirement. These results are still significant if we control for selection into unemployment and country differences. Retirement from labour market inactivity does not lead to significant changes in wellbeing. As the wellbeing of unemployed persons recovers after transitioning to retirement, especially the currently unemployed population should be supported to prevent detrimental consequences of economically unfavourable conditions and lower wellbeing.

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Social network ties before and after retirement: a cohort study

European Journal of Ageing ◽

10.1007/s10433-021-00604-y ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

M. Kauppi ◽

M. Virtanen ◽

J. Pentti ◽

V. Aalto ◽

M. Kivimäki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Networks ◽

Social Network ◽

Transition Period ◽

Occupational Status ◽

Well Being ◽

Network Ties ◽

Outer Circle ◽

Retirement Transition ◽

Before And After ◽

Social Network Ties

AbstractSocial networks are associated with individual’s health and well-being. Working life offers opportunities to create and maintain social networks, while retirement may change these networks. This study examined how the number of ties in social network changes across the retirement transition. The study population consisted of 2319 participants (84% women, mean age 63.2 years) from the Finnish Retirement and Aging study. Information about social network ties, including the number of ties in the inner, middle and outer circles of the social convoy model, was gathered using annual postal surveys before and after retirement. Three repeat surveys per participant covered the retirement transition and the post-retirement periods. Mean number of network ties was 21.6 before retirement, of which 5.6 were situated in the inner, 6.9 in the middle and 9.1 in the outer circle. The number of ties in the outer circle decreased by 0.67 (95% CI − 0.92, − 0.42) during the retirement transition period, but not during the post-retirement period (0.11, 95% CI − 0.33, 0.12) (interaction period * time, p = 0.006). The pattern of change in these ties did not differ by gender, occupational status, marital status, number of chronic diseases and mental health during the retirement transition period. The number of ties in the inner and middle circles overall did not decrease during these periods. The number of peripheral relationships decreased during the retirement transition but not after that, suggesting that the observed reduction is more likely to be associated with retirement rather than aging.

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An intervention study to assess potential effect and user experience of an mHealth intervention to reduce sedentary behaviour among older office workers

BMJ Health & Care Informatics ◽

10.1136/bmjhci-2019-100014 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. e100014

Author(s):

Simone Boerema ◽

Lex van Velsen ◽

Hermie Hermens

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Sedentary Behaviour ◽

Intervention Study ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Baseline Period ◽

Potential Effect ◽

Office Workers ◽

Behaviour Pattern ◽

Mhealth Intervention ◽

Before And After

BackgroundOffice workers spend a high percentage of their time sitting, often in long periods of time. Research suggests that it is healthier to break these long bouts into shorter periods by being physically active.ObjectiveWe evaluated the effect of a context-aware activity coach, called the PEARL app, an mHealth intervention that provides activity suggestions, based on a physical activity prediction model, consisting of past and current physical activity and digital agendas.MethodFifteen office workers, aged 50+, participated in an intervention study in which they used the intervention for 1 week, preceded by a 1-week baseline period. Measurements were taken before and after the intervention period.Results107 days of data from 14 participants were analysed. Total sedentary time was not reduced as a result of using the intervention (baseline vs intervention: 47.8±3.6 vs 46.8±3.0, n.s.). When using the intervention, participants reduced their total time spent in long sitting bouts (≥45 min) from 19.3 to 14.4 min per hour of wear time (p<0.05). Participants indicated that the main value of the intervention lies in creating awareness about their personal sedentary behaviour pattern.ConclusionAn mHealth service has the potential to improve the sedentary behaviour of older office workers, especially for breaking up long sedentary periods. Focusing on total sedentary time as an outcome of an intervention, aimed at reducing sedentary behaviour, is too simplistic. One should take into account both the duration and the number of bouts when determining the effect.

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Improved dynamics of sharing research findings in the COVID-19 epidemic compared with the SARS and Ebola epidemics

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-10116-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Javad Khanali ◽

Mohammad-Reza Malekpour ◽

Ali-Asghar Kolahi

Keyword(s):

Numerical Data ◽

Public Health Emergency ◽

Value Of Time ◽

Time Period ◽

Pubmed Database ◽

Before And After ◽

Major Outbreak ◽

Research Findings ◽

Emergent Pathogen ◽

Planning Strategies

Abstract Background When a new or re-emergent pathogen, such as SARS-CoV-2, causes a major outbreak, rapid access to pertinent research findings is crucial for planning strategies and decision making. We researched whether the speed of sharing research results in the COVID-19 epidemic was higher than the SARS and Ebola epidemics. We also researched whether there is any difference in the most frequent topics investigated before and after the COVID-19, SARS, and Ebola epidemics started. Methods We used PubMed database search tools to determine the time-period it took for the number of articles to rise after the epidemics started and the most frequent topics assigned to the articles. Results The main results were, first, the rise in the number of articles occurred 6 weeks after the COVID-19 epidemic started whereas, this rise occurred 4 months after the SARS and 7 months after the Ebola epidemics started. Second, etiology, statistics & numerical data, and epidemiology were the three most frequent topics investigated in the COVID-19 epidemic. However, etiology, microbiology, and genetics in the SARS epidemic, and statistics & numerical data, epidemiology, and prevention & control in the Ebola epidemic were more frequently studied compared with other topics. Third, some topics were studied more frequently after the epidemics started. Conclusions The speed of sharing results in the COVID-19 epidemic was much higher than the SARS and Ebola epidemics, and that there is a difference in the most frequent articles’ topics investigated in these three epidemics. Due to the value of time in controlling epidemics spread, the study highlights the necessity of defining more solutions for rapidly providing pertinent research findings in fighting against the next public health emergency.

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Trends in Craniofacial Injuries Associated with the Introduction of Electric Scooter Sharing Services

FACE ◽

10.1177/2732501621992441 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 273250162199244

Author(s):

Elizabeth M. Boudiab ◽

Thomas D. Zaikos ◽

Christopher Issa ◽

Kongkrit Chaiyasate ◽

Stephen M. Lu

Keyword(s):

Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Age Groups ◽

Injury Surveillance System ◽

Patient Demographics ◽

Time Period ◽

Electric Scooter ◽

Before And After ◽

Trends Over Time ◽

Patterns Of Injury ◽

Craniofacial Fractures

Electric scooters are an increasingly common and convenient mode of transportation worldwide and have effectively revolutionized the shared micromobility industry. As electric scooter sharing companies have increased in popularity there has been a concomitant increase in the frequency of all electric scooter-related injuries. The purpose of this study is to describe the most up-to-date trends in craniofacial fractures and lacerations related to electric scooter use among all age groups. We queried the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) for craniofacial fractures and lacerations related to e-scooters between 2010 and 2019. We then compared injury trends over time and between time periods before and after 2017 when electric scooter share apps revolutionized micromobility. We compared incidence of injury overall and by day of the week, patient demographics, and case severity based on clinical disposition. We identified an increase in the frequency of craniofacial lacerations and fractures in the 3 years following the introduction of electric scooter share services in 2017 (2017 and 2019), compared to the 3 years before this time (2014-2016). Young adults (18-39 years) were the age group with the greatest interval increase in craniofacial injuries. There was also an increase in number of craniofacial injuries occurring on Mondays and a decrease number occurring on Fridays in the later time period. Finally, patients who presented with electric scooter-related craniofacial injuries in this later time period showed a higher frequency of overnight observation and hospital admission for their injuries. The number of craniofacial injuries secondary to electric scooter use has increased dramatically since the introduction of share services. Craniofacial fractures and lacerations are a common reason for craniofacial or maxillofacial surgery consultation and understanding these patterns of injury will help prepare surgeons for patient care, preventative education, and public advocacy.

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The Effect of Q-Switched Nd:YAG 1064 nm/532 nm Laser in the Treatment of Onychomycosis In Vivo

Dermatology Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2013/379725 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Kostas Kalokasidis ◽

Meltem Onder ◽

Myrto-Georgia Trakatelli ◽

Bertrand Richert ◽

Klaus Fritz

Keyword(s):

Clinical Study ◽

Treatment Time ◽

Prospective Clinical Study ◽

Self Evaluation ◽

Time Period ◽

Level Of Satisfaction ◽

Before And After ◽

532 Nm

In this prospective clinical study, the Q-Switched Nd:YAG 1064 nm/532 nm laser (Light Age, Inc., Somerset, NJ, USA) was used on 131 onychomycosis subjects (94 females, 37 males; ages 18 to 68 years). Mycotic cultures were taken and fungus types were detected. The laser protocol included two sessions with a one-month interval. Treatment duration was approximately 15 minutes per session and patients were observed over a 3-month time period. Laser fluencies of 14 J/cm2were applied at 9 billionths of a second pulse duration and at 5 Hz frequency. Follow-up was performed at 3 months with mycological cultures. Before and after digital photographs were taken. Adverse effects were recorded and all participants completed “self-evaluation questionnaires” rating their level of satisfaction. All subjects were well satisfied with the treatments, there were no noticeable side effects, and no significant differences were found treating men versus women. At the 3-month follow-up 95.42% of the patients were laboratory mycologically cured of fungal infection. This clinical study demonstrates that fungal nail infections can be effectively and safely treated with Q-Switched Nd:YAG 1064 nm/532 nm laser. It can also be combined with systemic oral antifungals providing more limited treatment time.

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Impact of free-living pattern of sedentary behaviour on intra-day glucose regulation in type 2 diabetes

European Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1007/s00421-019-04261-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 120 (1) ◽

pp. 171-179 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aye C. Paing ◽

Kathryn A. McMillan ◽

Alison F. Kirk ◽

Andrew Collier ◽

Allan Hewitt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Sedentary Behaviour ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Glucose Monitoring ◽

Glucose Regulation ◽

Dawn Phenomenon ◽

Freestyle Libre ◽

Breaks In Sedentary Time ◽

Target Glucose

Abstract Purpose To investigate how the pattern of sedentary behaviour affects intra-day glucose regulation in type 2 diabetes. Methods This intensive longitudinal study was conducted in 37 participants with type 2 diabetes (age, 62.8 ± 10.5 years). Glucose and sedentary behaviour/physical activity were assessed with a continuous glucose monitoring (Abbott FreeStyle Libre) and an activity monitor (activPAL3) for 14 days. Multiple regression models with generalised estimating equations (GEEs) approach were used to assess the associations of sedentary time and breaks in sedentary time with pre-breakfast glucose, pre-lunch glucose, pre-dinner glucose, post-breakfast glucose, post-lunch glucose, post-dinner glucose, bedtime glucose, the dawn phenomenon, time in target glucose range (TIR, glucose 3.9–10 mmol/L) and time above target glucose range (TAR, glucose > 10 mmol/L). Results Sedentary time was associated with higher pre-breakfast glucose (p = 0.001), pre-dinner glucose (p < 0.001), post-lunch glucose (p = 0.005), post-dinner glucose (p = 0.013) and the dawn phenomenon (p < 0.001). Breaks in sedentary time were associated with lower pre-breakfast glucose (p = 0.023), pre-dinner glucose (p = 0.023), post-breakfast glucose (p < 0.001) and the dawn phenomenon (p = 0.004). The association between sedentary time and less TIR (p = 0.022) and the association between breaks in sedentary time and more TIR (p = 0.001) were also observed. Conclusions Reducing sedentary time and promoting breaks in sedentary time could be clinically relevant to improve intra-day glucose regulation in type 2 diabetes.

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Paediatric attendances of the emergency department in a major Irish tertiary referral centre before and after expansion of free GP care to children under 6: a retrospective observational study

BMJ Paediatrics Open ◽

10.1136/bmjpo-2020-000862 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. e000862

Author(s):

Irina Korotchikova ◽

Sukainah Al Khalaf ◽

Ewa Sheridan ◽

Rory O'Brien ◽

Colin P Bradley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Emergency Department ◽

Health Service ◽

Observational Study ◽

Referral Centre ◽

Tertiary Referral ◽

Tertiary Referral Centre ◽

Period 2 ◽

Time Period ◽

Before And After ◽

Gp Care

ObjectivesTo examine the characteristics of paediatric attendances to the emergency department (ED) in Cork University Hospital (CUH) before and after the expansion of free general practitioner (GP) care to children under the age of 6 years.DesignThis is a retrospective observational study that used a large administrative dataset.SettingThe study was conducted in major Irish tertiary referral centre that serves a total population of over 1.1 million. It is a public hospital, owned and managed by the health service executive.ParticipantsChildren aged 0–15 years who attended CUH ED during the study period of 6 years (2012–2018) were included in this study (n=76 831).InterventionsFree GP care was expanded to all children aged 0–5 years in July 2015.Main outcome measuresPaediatric attendances to CUH ED were examined before (Time Period 1: July 2012–June 2015) and after (Time Period 2: July 2015–June 2018) the expansion of free GP care to children under 6. Changes in GP referral rates and inpatient hospital admissions were investigated.ResultsPaediatric presentations to CUH ED increased from 35 819 during the Time Period 1 to 41 012 during the Time Period 2 (14.5%). The proportion of the CUH ED attendances through GP referrals by children under 6 increased by over 8% in the Time Period 2 (from 10 148 to 14 028). Although the number of all children who attended CUH ED and were admitted to hospital increased in Time Period 2 (from 8704 to 9320); the proportion of children in the 0–5 years group who attended the CUH ED through GP referral and were subsequently admitted to hospital, decreased by over 3%.ConclusionThe expansion of free GP care has upstream health service utilisation implications, such as increased attendances at ED, and should be considered and costed by policy-makers.

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