Myocardial infarction coincides with increased NOX2 and Nε-(carboxymethyl) lysine expression in the cerebral microvasculature

BackgroundMyocardial infarction (MI) is associated with mental health disorders, in which neuroinflammation and cerebral microvascular dysfunction may play a role. Previously, we have shown that the proinflammatory factors Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) and NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) are increased in the human infarcted heart microvasculature. The aim of this study was to analyse the presence of CML and NOX2 in the cerebral microvasculature of patients with MI.MethodsBrain tissue was obtained at autopsy from 24 patients with MI and nine control patients. According to their infarct age, patients with MI were divided into three groups: 3–6 hours old (phase I), 6 hours–5 days old (phase II) and 5–14 days old (phase III). CML and NOX2 in the microvasculature were studied through immunohistochemical analysis.ResultsWe observed a 2.5-fold increase in cerebral microvascular CML in patients with phase II and phase III MI (phase II: 21.39±7.91, p=0.004; phase III: 24.21±10.37, p=0.0007) compared with non-MI controls (8.55±2.98). NOX2 was increased in microvessels in patients with phase II MI (p=0.002) and phase III MI (p=0.04) compared with controls. No correlation was found between CML and NOX2 (r=0.58, p=0.13).ConclusionsMI coincides with an increased presence of CML and NOX2 in the brain microvasculature. These data point to proinflammatory alterations in the brain microvasculature that may underlie MI-associated mental health disorders.

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Myocardial infarction coincides with increased expression of NO2X2 and the advanced glycation end product N-e-(carboxymethyl) lysine in the microvasculature of the brain

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.1536 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

A Korn ◽

U Baylan ◽

C.G Schalkwijk ◽

H.W.M Niessen ◽

P.A.J Krijnen

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Mental Health Disorders ◽

Inflammatory Factors ◽

Funding Source ◽

Phase 2 ◽

Private Company ◽

Phase 3 ◽

Health Disorders ◽

The Brain

Abstract Background Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) is associated with mental health disorders such as cognitive impairment and depression. Neuroinflammation and cerebral microvascular dysfunction may play an important role herein. We previously showed an increased presence of the pro-inflammatory factors N-ε-Carboxymethyllysine (CML) and NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) in the microvasculature of the human infarcted heart and diabetic brain. In this study we have quantified the presence of CML and NOX2 in the cerebral microvasculature of patients in time after AMI. Methods Brain tissue was obtained at autopsy from 24 AMI patients and 9 control patients. According to their infarct age, the AMI patients were divided into three groups: 3–6 hours old (phase 1), 6 hours–5 days old (phase 2) and 5–14 days old (phase 3). The presence of CML and NOX2 in the microvasculature was quantified through immunohistochemical analysis. Results We observed a significant approximately 2.5 fold increase in microvascular CML in phase 2 and phase 3 AMI patients in comparison with control patients (p=0.015). NOX2 was present in significantly more microvessels in phase 2 AMI patients compared to control patients (p=0.042). However, no correlation was found between CML and NOX2 (r=0.06, p=0.74). Conclusion AMI coincides with an increased presence of CML and NOX2 in the microvasculature of the brain. These data point to pro-inflammatory alterations in the brain microvasculature that may underlie the mental health disorders associated with AMI. CML and NOX2 in the brain microvessels Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Private company. Main funding source(s): Novo Nordisk BV, European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes

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The Role of Sleep Quality and Mental Health in Cardiovascular Disease

10.53350/pjmhs211572082 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (7) ◽

pp. 2082-2086

Author(s):

Roya Vaziri- Harami ◽

Pegah Seif ◽

Ali Kheradmand ◽

Saharnaz Vaziri- Harami

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Mental Health Disorders ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Sleep Wake Disorders ◽

Coronary Syndrome ◽

The Mean ◽

Health Disorders

Objectives: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) may accompany other diseases. Of which can name sleep disorders and also other psychiatric disorders. Aim: In current study we evaluate the concomitant mental health disorders and the sleep quality among the acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. Method:180 cases were selected through random sampling. 90 of the cases were hospitalized because of acute myocardial AMI and 90 patients were admitted with the diagnosis of ACS. Demographic, GHQ 28 and PSQI questionnaire was applied to evaluate the demographic features, psychological wellbeing and sleep quality subsequently. Results: 57.8% of cases were women 42.2% were men. The age range was 27 75 years old and the mean age was 49.93+11.73years old. 87.8% of the patients were married and rest were single. The mean score for the GHQ 28 questionnaire was22.43+10.99in patients with angina and in AMI patients.38.8% of ACS patients and 50% of AMI patients didn’t feel well psychologically. The mean score for sleep quality in ACS patients was 3.08+3.6 and 4.06+3.8 in AMI patients. 32.3% of ACS cases and 24.4% of AMI cases had troubles in sleeping. Conclusion: The mental health disorders prevail in AMI and ACS patients. Furthermore, the poor sleep quality was correlated with mental health disorders. Keywords: Sleep Wake Disorders, Mental Health, Acute Coronary Syndrome, Myocardial Infarction

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Mental health disorders among patients with acute myocardial infarction in the United States

American Journal of Preventive Cardiology ◽

10.1016/j.ajpc.2020.100133 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 100133

Author(s):

Jayakumar Sreenivasan ◽

Muhammad Shahzeb Khan ◽

Safi U. Khan ◽

Urvashi Hooda ◽

Wilbert S. Aronow ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

United States ◽

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽

The United States ◽

Mental Health Disorders ◽

Health Disorders

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Adult mental health disorders and their age at onset

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.bp.112.119164 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 202 (s54) ◽

pp. s5-s10 ◽

Cited By ~ 217

Author(s):

P. B. Jones

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Disorders ◽

Health Services ◽

Secondary Prevention ◽

Age At Onset ◽

Mental Health Disorders ◽

Primary And Secondary Prevention ◽

Adult Mental Health ◽

Health Disorders ◽

The Brain

SummaryThe study of age at onset of mental health disorders is technically and conceptually difficult. It is important to consider these age distributions in order to understand causes and mechanisms of illness and to intervene at an appropriate juncture for primary and secondary prevention. This article reviews some of the approaches to studying age at onset, sets out the evidence to support the assertion that adult mental disorders begin in adolescence, and finds that perhaps half of all adult mental health disorders have begun by the teenage years. The paper then discusses whether this fits what is known about the developmental neurobiology of the brain and introduces the implications for mental health services.

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Mental Health and Mortality

Pained ◽

10.1093/oso/9780197510384.003.0038 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 133-134

Author(s):

Michael D. Stein ◽

Sandro Galea

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Illness ◽

Substance Use ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Mental Health Disorders ◽

Noncommunicable Disease ◽

Health Burden ◽

Health Disorders ◽

The Brain ◽

Health And Mortality

This chapter details how efforts to promote health continually deprioritize mental health. There are many reasons for this, starting with the historical stigma around mental illness and continuing with the limited understanding of the brain processes—at the cellular and molecular level—that underlie people’s behavior. Then there is the sheer scope of deaths associated with mental health disorders. Most obvious are deaths due to suicide. However, suicide is not the only form of mortality linked to mental health. Deaths caused by cigarette smoking, for example, are really deaths due to nicotine addiction. In addition, more than 3 million deaths a year linked to alcohol stem from misuse of the substance—a mental health problem. Indeed, it is important to remember that any time people talk about substance use disorder, they are actually talking about mental health. As such, people must include the consequences of mental illness in any discussion of the health burden of noncommunicable disease. Only then will people give mental health the attention it deserves.

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The Vessels Shaping Mental Health or Illness

The Open Neurology Journal ◽

10.2174/1874205x01913010001 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Jugajyoti Baruah ◽

Anju Vasudevan

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Developmental Time ◽

Mental Health Disorders ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Direct Result ◽

Mammalian Brain ◽

Time Points ◽

Neuronal Populations ◽

Health Disorders ◽

The Brain

The mammalian brain receives the lion’s share of the body’s blood supply and is a highly vascularized organ. The vascular and nervous systems arise at two distinct time points of embryogenesis; however, their functions tend to overlap or complement each other in the growth promoting milieu of the embryonic Central Nervous System (CNS). The pre-existing idea that mental disorders are a direct result from defects solely in neuronal populations and networks is gradually changing. Several studies have implicated blood vessel pathologies and blood flow changes in mental health disorders. Our own studies provide new perspectives as to how intrinsic defects in periventricular endothelial cells, from the earliest developmental time points can lead to the origin of mental health disorders such as schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders (ASD), anxiety, and depression, thereby establishing direct links. In this article, we provide an overview of how the endothelial cell compartment in the brain is now gaining attention in the context of mental health disorders.

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