scholarly journals What is the overlap between HIV and shigellosis epidemics in England: further evidence of MSM transmission?

2017 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keerthi Mohan ◽  
Matthew Hibbert ◽  
Graeme Rooney ◽  
Malcolm Canvin ◽  
Tristan Childs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Undetectable Viral Load ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Sexual History ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Travel History ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Living With Hiv

BackgroundEvidence suggests that sexual transmission between men has replaced foreign travel as the predominant mode of Shigella transmission in England. However, sexuality and HIV status are not routinely recorded for laboratory-reported Shigella, and the role of HIV in the Shigella epidemic is not well understood.MethodsThe Modular Open Laboratory Information System containing all Shigella cases reported to Public Health England (PHE) and the PHE HIV and AIDS Reporting System holding all adults living with diagnosed HIV in England were matched using a combination of Soundex code, date of birth and gender.ResultsFrom 2004 to 2015, 88 664 patients were living with HIV, and 10 269 Shigella cases were reported in England; 9% (873/10 269) of Shigella cases were diagnosed with HIV, of which 93% (815/873) were in men. Shigella cases without reported travel history were more likely to be living with HIV than those who had travelled (14% (751/5427) vs 3% (134/4854); p<0.01). From 2004 to 2015, the incidence of Shigella in men with HIV rose from 47/100 000 to 226/100 000 (p<0.01) peaking in 2014 at 265/100 000, but remained low in women throughout the study period (0–24/100 000). Among Shigella cases without travel and with HIV, 91% (657/720) were men who have sex with men (MSM). HIV preceded Shigella diagnosis in 86% (610/720), and 65% (237/362) had an undetectable viral load (<50 copies/mL).DiscussionWe observed a sustained increase in the national rate of shigellosis in MSM with HIV, who may experience more serious clinical disease. Sexual history, HIV status and STI risk might require sensitive investigation in men presenting with gastroenteritis.

scholarly journals Trends in antiretroviral treatment use and treatment response in three Australian states in the first decade of combination antiretroviral treatment

Sexual Health ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Falster ◽  
Linda Gelgor ◽  
Ansari Shaik ◽  
Iryna Zablotska ◽  
Garrett Prestage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Undetectable Viral Load ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Disease ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Disease Research ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Living With Hiv

Objectives: To determine if there were any differences in antiretroviral treatment (ART) use across the three eastern states of Australia, New South Wales (NSW), Victoria and Queensland, during the period 1997 to 2006. Methods: We used data from a clinic-based cohort, the Australian HIV Observational Database (AHOD), to determine the proportion of HIV-infected patients on ART in selected clinics in each state and the proportion of treated patients with an undetectable viral load. Data from the national Highly Specialised Drugs program and AHOD were used to estimate total numbers of individuals on ART and the proportion of individuals living with HIV on ART nationally and by state. Data from the HIV Futures Survey and the Gay Community Periodic Survey were used to determine the proportion of community-based men who have sex with men on ART. The proportion of patients with primary HIV infection (PHI) who commenced ART within 1 year of diagnosis was obtained from the Acute Infection and Early Disease Research Program (AIEDRP) CORE01 protocol and Primary HIV and Early Disease Research: Australian Cohort (PHAEDRA) cohorts. Results: We estimated that the numbers of individuals on ART increased from 3181 to 4553 in NSW, 1309 to 1926 in Victoria and 809 to 1615 in Queensland between 2000 and 2006. However, these numbers may reflect a lower proportion of individuals living with HIV on ART in NSW compared with the other states (37% compared with 49 and 55% in 2000). We found similar proportions of HIV-positive men who have sex with men participants were on ART in all three states over the study period in the clinic-based AHOD cohort (81–92%) and two large, community-based surveys in Australia (69–85% and 49–83%). Similar proportions of treated patients had an undetectable viral load across the three states, with a consistently increasing trend over time observed in all states. We found that more PHI patients commenced treatment in the first year following HIV diagnosis in NSW compared with Victoria; however, the sample size was very small. Conclusions: For the most part, patterns of ART use were similar across NSW, Victoria and Queensland using a range of available data from cohort studies, community surveys and national prescription databases in Australia. However, there may be a lower proportion of individuals living with HIV on ART in NSW compared with the other states, and there is some indication of a more aggressive treatment approach with PHI patients in NSW compared with Victoria.

scholarly journals 1281. Awareness of U=U Among Gay and Bisexual Men Who Have Sex with Men

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S461-S461
Author(s):  
Meredith E Clement ◽  
Rick Zimmerman ◽  
Josh Grimm ◽  
Joseph Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Gay And Bisexual Men ◽  
Bisexual Men ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Anal Sex ◽  
And Bisexual ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Negative ◽  
Strong Agreement

Abstract Background The “Undetectable = Untransmittable” (“U=U”) campaign is gaining traction, but prior studies from 2012–2017 have shown that the proportion of gay and bisexual men who have sex with men (GBMSM) who are aware of or have perceived accuracy of U=U is low. We report findings from a survey administered to GBMSM in 2018 to understand whether the landscape is changing with respect to U=U message dissemination. Methods GBMSM were recruited on gay dating apps to complete a 96 question survey. Survey data were collected in April-August of 2018. Collected data elements included demographic information, HIV status, ART and PrEP use, and beliefs and opinions regarding HIV transmission. Results 969 GBMSM completed the survey; of whom, 678 had analyzable data (241 had never had anal sex with a man and 54 were missing ≥1 of the variables used in the analysis). Average age was 43 years, 65% were white, 15% black, 15% white, and 15% were HIV-infected (of whom 92% were on anti-retrovirals). Of the 85% who were HIV-uninfected, 39% were on PrEP. In response to the statement that a person with an undetectable viral load cannot transmit HIV to an HIV-uninfected person, 24% strongly agreed. Among HIV-negative GBMSM, 33% of those on PrEP agreed and 12% of those not on PrEP agreed. Among those living with HIV, 42% agreed. A multivariable logistic regression was run to explain correlates of strong agreement with U=U, using the following variables: age, education, being Black, being Hispanic, relationship status, number of lifetime male sexual partners, condom use with most recent anal sex, HIV status, PrEP use, and attitudes about living with HIV. Variables associated with strong agreement with U=U were living with HIV (AOR = 1.63, P < 0.001), taking PrEP (AOR = 2.85, P < 0.001), most recent encounter’s condom use (AOR = 2.22, P = 0.003), and having positive attitudes about living with HIV (AOR= 1.93, P < 0.001). Table 1 shows percentages for each of these variables (bivariate relationships) strongly agreeing with U=U. Conclusion Now that U=U has been scientifically proven, the challenge is public awareness. U=U awareness seems to be improving among GBMSM, with HIV-negative GBMSM making the greatest strides. Education around U=U and PrEP efficacy may help reduce guilt around HIV transmission and alleviate HIV stigma. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals The role of physiotherapy in the treatment of HIV-related sensory neuropathy: The perceptions and referral practices of physicians

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Steyl ◽  
Felista T. Shayo
Keyword(s):  
Professional Learning ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Sensory Neuropathy ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Inadequate Knowledge ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Referral Practices ◽  
Living With Hiv

Background: HIV-related peripheral neuropathies are among the most prevalent chronic neurological disorders affecting persons living with HIV and AIDS. In order to improve the physical function and quality of life of those affected by the disease, a holistic or multidisciplinary approach, including physiotherapy, has been suggested for the management of neuropathic pain.Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the physicians’ perceptions regarding the role of physiotherapy in the management of patients with HIV-sensory neuropathy (HIV-SN) and their referral practices in Tanzania.Methods: A qualitative study design incorporating purposive sampling was employed in the study. A total of 10 physicians from a hospital in Tanzania agreed to participate in in-depth interviews.Results: Physicians had poor perceptions of the role of physiotherapy in the management of patients with HIV-SN. Their inadequate knowledge of the role of physiotherapy and the limited number of physiotherapists employed negatively influenced their referral of patients with HIV-SN for physiotherapy.Conclusion: In Tanzania, referral for physiotherapy is still dependent on medical doctors. Inter-professional learning is imperative for minimising the stereotypes that may exist across professions, hence the need to improve awareness of specific roles in patient management. This could improve knowledge of the role of other professionals in the management and rehabilitation of affected patients and consequently improve perceptions and facilitate referrals of patients with HIV-SN for more integrated care.

scholarly journals Increasing HIV Testing and Viral Suppression via Stigma Reduction in a Social Networking Mobile Health Intervention Among Black and Latinx Young Men and Transgender Women Who Have Sex With Men (HealthMpowerment): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

10.2196/24043 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e24043
Author(s):  
Kathryn Elizabeth Muessig ◽  
Jesse M Golinkoff ◽  
Lisa B Hightow-Weidman ◽  
Aimee E Rochelle ◽  
Marta I Mulawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Viral Suppression ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Mhealth Intervention ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
The University ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Negative

Background Stigma and discrimination related to sexuality, race, ethnicity, and HIV status negatively impact HIV testing, engagement in care, and consistent viral suppression (VS) among young Black and Latinx men who have sex with men and transgender women who have sex with men (YBLMT). Few interventions address the effects of intersectional stigma among youth living with HIV and those at risk for HIV within the same virtual space. Objective Building on the success of the HealthMpowerment (HMP) mobile health (mHealth) intervention (HMP 1.0) and with the input of a youth advisory board, HMP 2.0 is an app-based intervention that promotes user-generated content and social support to reduce intersectional stigma and improve HIV-related outcomes among YBLMT. The primary objective of this study is to test whether participants randomized to HMP 2.0 report improvement in HIV prevention and care continuum outcomes compared with an information-only control arm. We will also explore whether participant engagement, as measured by paradata (data collected as users interact with an mHealth intervention, eg, time spent using the intervention), mediates stigma- and HIV care–related outcomes. Finally, we will assess whether changes in intersectional stigma and improvements in HIV care continuum outcomes vary across different types of social networks formed within the intervention study arms. Methods We will enroll 1050 YBLMT aged 15 to 29 years affected by HIV across the United States. Using an HIV-status stratified, randomized trial design, participants will be randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 app-based conditions (information-only app-based control arm, a researcher-created network arm of HMP 2.0, or a peer-referred network arm of HMP 2.0). Behavioral assessments will occur at baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. For participants living with HIV, self-collected biomarkers (viral load) are scheduled for baseline, 6, and 12 months. For HIV-negative participants, up to 3 HIV self-testing kits will be available during the study period. Results Research activities began in September 2018 and are ongoing. The University of Pennsylvania is the central institutional review board for this study (protocol #829805) with institutional reliance agreements with the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Duke University, and SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University. Study recruitment began on July 20, 2020. A total of 205 participants have been enrolled as of November 20, 2020. Conclusions Among a large sample of US-based YBLMT, this study will assess whether HMP 2.0, an app-based intervention designed to ameliorate stigma and its negative sequelae, can increase routine HIV testing among HIV-negative participants and consistent VS among participants living with HIV. If efficacious and brought to scale, this intervention has the potential to significantly impact the disproportionate burden of HIV among YBLMT in the United States. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03678181; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT03678181. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/24043

scholarly journals EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HIV INFECTION IN THE AMUR REGION

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-95
Author(s):  
V. B. Turkutyukov ◽  
N. A. Lipskaya ◽  
Yu. A. Natykan ◽  
I. I. Pavlova ◽  
N. A. Glebova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Amur Region ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Epidemiologic Features

The HIV infection prevalence rate suggests that in the Russian Federation the number of new cases of infection continues to grow. The retrospective epidemiological analysis of HIV infection in the Amur region was performed during a 5-year period from 2013 to 2017. The study included evaluation of incidence and prevalence rates, morbidity and mortality patterns. A positive HIV status has 0,14% of the region population. In 2017, the HIV-incidence rate equaled to 10,97‰00. Similar incidence rates were registered during 2015 and 2016. During 2013–2017 annual growth of HIV-prevalence that reached its peak in 2017 and exceeded the previous year’s rate at 18,3±0,65% (p=0,001) was registered. The highest HIV prevalence was detected at age from 30 to 39 years (45%). Among the HIV-positive people, sexual transmission route was dominant and during 2017 and totaled to 87%. Among people living with HIV registered for outpatient treatment, the most frequent stages of the disease (representing 97,7% of all clinical forms) were subclinical stage diagnosed in 251,3‰ [95% CI 232,2–270,3] and second stage (of secondary manifestations) totaled to 216,1‰ [95% CI 191,5–240,5]. This indicates on the development of the concentrated stage of HIV infection in the Amur region. Epidemiologic features of infection spread in the Amur region derives not only from active cross-border movements of citizens, but also from the specifics of demography processes.

Dyspareunia, Signs of Epithelial Disruption, and HIV Serostatus in Female Sex Workers and Men Who Have Sex With Men in Nairobi: an Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bastian Fischer ◽  
Walter Godfrey Jaoko ◽  
Elvis Kirui ◽  
Bernard Muture ◽  
Isaac Madegwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Intravaginal Practices ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Epithelial Disruption

Abstract Background: This study investigated HIV infection risk in men who have sex with men (MSM) and female sex workers (FSWs) by analysing signs of anal and vaginal epithelial trauma. It reconsidered the unique role of sexual abstinence for HIV seroconversion from a previous case-control analysis on FSWs in Nairobi who acquired HIV after previously fulfilling criteria of HIV resistance. The approach was based on a similarly unique role of intercourse frequency for anal dyspareunia. We considered confounding behavioural and individual HIV infection risks among the sex workers, who also assessed factors influencing discomfort and pain during sex from a subjective perspective. Methods: At two key population facilities in Nairobi, 322 FSWs and 231 MSM provided data on HIV infection status, sexual dysfunction, intercourse frequency and abstinence behaviour. Additional data addressed sexual debut, relationship status, lubricants, foreplay, the number of sex partners, condom use, group and anonymous sex, vaginal births, intravaginal practices, sex toys, other sexually transmitted infections, alcohol and drug use. Statistical tests included t-tests for the equality of means for abstinence gaps and intercourse frequencies, the number of sex partners, vaginal births, and age of sexual debut. Non-parametric tests were used to compare HIV status and the ordinal variables of sexual behaviour, individual factors, dyspareunia and signs of trauma scores. Subjective assessments of variables for sexual dysfunction were given as percentages of the assessment options. Results: Among FSWs, significant associations were found between HIV status and the longest abstinence gap for vaginal intercourse in the previous month, early sexual debut, foreplay, having anonymous partners, intravaginal practices, drugs and alcohol use, and all the sexual dysfunction or epithelial disruption signs. No significant association between HIV status and sexual dysfunction variables or sexual abstinence gaps could be found in the MSM sample. FSWs agreed that steady partnerships, regularity of intercourse, foreplay and lubrication or artificial lubricants alleviate discomfort and painful intercourse. Conclusions: Dyspareunia and epithelial trauma signs were highly prevalent in FSWs and MSM, indicating considerable limitations to sexual health. Complaint levels were positively associated with HIV infection, suggesting that reducing epithelial disruption may be a novel HIV prevention approach.

scholarly journals Estimating the HIV undiagnosed population in Catalonia, Spain: descriptive and comparative data analysis to identify differences in MSM stratified by migrant and Spanish-born population

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e018533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Maria Reyes-Urueña ◽  
Colin N J Campbell ◽  
Núria Vives ◽  
Anna Esteve ◽  
Juan Ambrosioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Retention In Care ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Care Cascade ◽  
Care Cascade ◽  
Undiagnosed Hiv ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Living With Hiv

ObjectiveUndiagnosed HIV continues to be a hindrance to efforts aimed at reducing incidence of HIV. The objective of this study was to provide an estimate of the HIV undiagnosed population in Catalonia and compare the HIV care cascade with this step included between high-risk populations.MethodsTo estimate HIV incidence, time between infection and diagnosis and the undiagnosed population stratified by CD4 count, we used the ECDC HIV Modelling Tool V.1.2.2. This model uses data on new HIV and AIDS diagnoses from the Catalan HIV/AIDS surveillance system from 2001 to 2013. Data used to estimate the proportion of people enrolled, on ART and virally suppressed in the HIV care cascade were derived from the PISCIS cohort.ResultsThe total number of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Catalonia in 2013 was 34 729 (32 740 to 36 827), with 12.3% (11.8 to 18.1) of whom were undiagnosed. By 2013, there were 8458 (8101 to 9079) Spanish-born men who have sex with men (MSM) and 2538 (2334 to 2918) migrant MSM living with HIV in Catalonia. A greater proportion of migrant MSM than local MSM was undiagnosed (32% vs 22%). In the subsequent steps of the HIV care cascade, migrants MSM experience greater losses than the Spanish-born MSM: in retention in care (74% vs 55%), in the proportion on combination antiretroviral treatment (70% vs 50%) and virally suppressed (65% vs 46%).ConclusionsBy the end of 2013, there were an estimated 34 729 PLHIV in Catalonia, of whom 4271 were still undiagnosed. This study shows that the Catalan epidemic of HIV has continued to expand with the key group sustaining HIV transmission being MSM living with undiagnosed HIV.

scholarly journals Work-related concerns of South Africans living with HIV and AIDS

2004 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianne Maloon ◽  
Freddie Crous ◽  
Anne Crafford
Keyword(s):  
Financial Constraints ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Black South Africans ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Living With Hiv

Aspects relating to the management of HIV and AIDS are issues of extreme importance in South Africa at present. In light of this, a qualitative study was conducted to explore the work-related concerns of Black South Africans living with HIV and AIDS. Semi-structured interviews with 22 participants revealed that work-related concerns cannot be understood outside of general financial constraints and relationship issues. Additional categories emerging from the study are: coming to terms with HIV, fear of disclosure, job-related barriers and coping mechanisms. The implications of these findings are discussed and recommendations made. Opsomming Aspekte rakende die bestuur van HIV en VIGS doen hulle voor as vraagstukke wat van kardinale belang is in die Suid-Afrikaaanse opset. In die lig hiervan is ’n kwalitatiewe studie uitgevoer ten einde die werkverwante besorgdhede van swart Suid-Afrikaners met HIV en Vigs, te ondersoek. Semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude met 22 deelnemers het aan die lig gebring dat werkverwante besorgdhede moeilik, buite die konteks van algemene finansiële beperkinge en verhoudingsvraagstukke, te verstaan is. Addisionele vraagstukke wat geïdentifiseer is, is om tot aanvaarding te kom met HIV, vrees vir bekendmaking van HIV status, werksverwante hindernisse en hanteringsmeganismes. Die implikasies van hierdie bevindinge is bespreek en aanbevelings is gemaak.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document