scholarly journals Implementing smokeless tobacco control policy in Pakistan: a qualitative study among Naswar supply chain actors

2020 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-055748
Author(s):  
Fayaz Ahmad ◽  
Melanie Boeckmann ◽  
Zohaib Khan ◽  
Hajo Zeeb ◽  
Muhammad Naseem Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Point Of Sale ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province

ObjectiveTo obtain insights into the perceptions of barriers and facilitators to implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) among smokeless tobacco (SLT) supply chain actors in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study to investigate the perceptions about SLT control policy formulation and implementation among exclusive Naswar sellers and point of sale vendors. We conducted five focus group discussions in three districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa using combined deductive-inductive thematic analyses.ResultsWe identified three central themes that potentially impact policy formulation, its implementation and application. The first theme examines the role of children in the Naswar business: as potential customers, and as potential heirs to a Naswar-selling business. A second theme targets the ‘business of Naswar’, which includes a specific identity of Naswar sellers, its potential to generate profits and the special case of Naswar regulation as a socially accepted and culturally rooted product. The third theme addresses the unusual ingredients of Naswar and its production process, making Naswar a health risk for consumers and producers. We also report conflicting views regarding SLT control among the supply chain actors.ConclusionsThis study provides insights into the perceptions of important SLT supply-side stakeholders regarding various SLT control policy options based on the FCTC. While there is some opposition to policy approaches like taxation and switching of business, implementing a ban on selling SLT to minors may be a viable option for policymakers in the short term.

State-Level Point-of-Sale Tobacco News Coverage and Policy Progression Over a 2-Year Period

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison E. Myers ◽  
Brian G. Southwell ◽  
Kurt M. Ribisl ◽  
Sarah Moreland-Russell ◽  
J. Michael Bowling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
State Level ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Media Advocacy ◽  
Point Of Sale ◽  
Source Use

Background. Mass media content may play an important role in policy change. However, the empirical relationship between media advocacy efforts and tobacco control policy success has rarely been studied. We examined the extent to which newspaper content characteristics (volume, slant, frame, source, use of evidence, and degree of localization) that have been identified as important in past descriptive studies were associated with policy progression over a 2-year period in the context of point-of-sale (POS) tobacco control. Method. We used regression analyses to test the relationships between newspaper content and policy progression from 2012 to 2014. The dependent variable was the level of implementation of state-level POS tobacco control policies at Time 2. Independent variables were newspaper article characteristics (volume, slant, frame, source, use of evidence, and degree of localization) and were collected via content analysis of the articles. State-level policy environment contextual variables were examined as confounders. Results. Positive, significant bivariate relationships exist between characteristics of news content (e.g., high overall volume, public health source present, local quote and local angle present, and pro–tobacco control slant present) and Time 2 POS score. However, in a multivariate model controlling for other factors, significant relationships did not hold. Discussion. Newspaper coverage can be a marker of POS policy progression. Whether media can influence policy implementation remains an important question. Future work should continue to tease out and confirm the unique characteristics of media content that are most associated with subsequent policy progression, in order to inform media advocacy efforts.

scholarly journals The Kentucky SimSmoke Tobacco Control Policy Model of Smokeless Tobacco and Cigarette Use

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luz María Sánchez-Romero ◽  
Zhe Yuan ◽  
Yameng Li ◽  
David T. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Tobacco Control Policy ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Policy Model ◽  
The Impact

Background: Smokeless tobacco (SLT) prevalence was decreasing in Kentucky before 2007, but has since increased. This study examines the impact of policies on cigarette and SLT use by applying the SimSmoke tobacco control policy simulation model. Methods: Using data from the large-scale Tobacco Use Supplement of the Current Population Survey (TUS-CPS) and information on state-specific tobacco policies, Kentucky SimSmoke is updated and extended to incorporate exclusive SLT and dual cigarette and SLT use. The model is validated using survey data through 2017. The model was used to estimate the impact on smoking and SLT prevalence and attributable deaths of policies implemented between 1993 and 2018 and the impact of stronger future policies implemented in 2018 and maintained through 2060. Results: SimSmoke generally reflects trends in exclusive cigarette use from the TUS-CPS and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), but underestimated the increase in SLT prevalence in recent years. SimSmoke projects that policies implemented between 1993 and 2018 reduced male and female cigarette use by 23.7% and 23.0%, and male and female SLT use by 4.9% by 2018, averting 9018 tobacco-attributable deaths by 2018, increasing to 89 547 by 2060. The largest reductions in cigarette and SLT use were attributed to cigarette price increases. Strengthening tobacco control policies could reduce smoking prevalence by 41% and 40%, and reduce SLT prevalence by 33% and 25% for males and females by 2060. Conclusion: Our results suggest that cigarette-oriented policies were effective in reducing SLT use but have been less successful in recent years. Future use rates can be further reduced through more restrictive statewide policies, which also target non-combustible nicotine products.

scholarly journals The Minnesota SimSmoke Tobacco Control Policy Model of Smokeless Tobacco and Cigarette Use

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. e103-e115 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Levy ◽  
Zhe Yuan ◽  
Yameng Li ◽  
Ann W. St. Claire ◽  
Barbara A. Schillo
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Tobacco Control Policy ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Policy Model

scholarly journals Exploration of Policy Makers’ Views on the Implementation of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in the Gambia: A Qualitative Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1652-1659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isatou K Jallow ◽  
John Britton ◽  
Tessa Langley
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
World Health ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Control Policies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Tobacco Control Policies

Abstract Background The World Health Organization’s Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) is the first international health treaty and has now been ratified by 181 countries. However, there are concerns that in many countries, particularly in sub-Saharan African countries, FCTC legislations and implementation are weak. In this study, we report a qualitative study undertaken to assess policy makers’ awareness of the FCTC and national tobacco control policies, and assessed the achievements and challenges to the implementation of the FCTC in the Gambia. Methods The study involved semi-structured one-to-one interviews with 28 members of the National Tobacco Control Committee in the Gambia, which is responsible for formulating tobacco control policies and making recommendations for tobacco control. We used the Framework method and NVivo11 software for data analysis. Results Our findings demonstrate that the Gambia has made modest progress in tobacco control before and since ratification of the FCTC, particularly in the areas of policy formulation, bans on tobacco advertising and promotion, smoke-free laws, and tobacco taxation. Although several pieces of tobacco control legislation exist, enforcement and implementation remain a major challenge. We found that policy makers’ awareness of polices covered in the FCTC was limited. Conclusion Our findings highlight several challenges to the FCTC implementation and the need to step up efforts that will help to accomplish the obligations of the FCTC. To achieve the obligations of the FCTC, the Gambia should develop specific public awareness interventions, establish cessation services, mobilize adequate resources for tobacco control and strengthen tobacco surveillance and research.

scholarly journals KAP Study of Tobacco Users among the Garment Workers at Dhaka City in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Md. Aynul Islam Khan ◽  
Masuda Islam Khan ◽  
Israt Jahan ◽  
Mohammad Jahangir Alam Sarker ◽  
S. M. Shahidul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Tobacco Control Policy ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Garment Workers

The readymade garment (RMG) industry is a key sector of Bangladesh economy. This sector brings in about 78% of the country’s total merchandize export earnings. More than 3.2 million people are working in this sector and mostly females from underprivileged social classes. Employment in this Ready-made garment sector in Bangladesh provides workers with economic benefits and some empowerment. A descriptive cross-sectional study followed by a qualitative approach was utilized. Through proportionate quota sampling, 560 garments workers were recruited from 6 (one large, two medium, and three small) garment factories in Mirpur area of Dhaka city. Almost all of the garments workers knew that both smoking and smokeless tobacco (98.4%) is harmful for health. Knowledge on specific health hazards of smoking (96.96%) tobacco was relatively higher than those of smokeless (90%) tobacco. Electronic media (Radio/TV/Cinema) was the most common source of their knowledge (92.9%).  In case of smoking tobacco, cancer (63.6%) was the mostly reported disease caused by smoking tobacco, followed by lung cancer (15.7%) and heart attack (11.3%). On the other hand, for smokeless tobacco, cancer (29.8%), followed by oral cancer (26.6%) and lung cancer (15.0%) was mostly reported diseases by the garments workers. Garment workers’ knowledge on tobacco control policy was found to be very low. Only 35.0% knew about the policy. Although few garments workers know about the rules for prohibition of tobacco product in public place (25.7%) and public transport (11.3%), other specific rules under tobacco control policy were not known to majority of them. The present study provides a scientific base regarding current tobacco using practice among garments workers in Dhaka city and their knowledge and attitude towards tobacco. Finding revealed from qualitative analysis of data suggested that now-a-days smoking is considered as a trend; people have to smoke for showing smartness or to maintain social status. Peer influence also plays an important role for initiating and maintaining smoking status. Socio-cultural influence for smokeless tobacco consumption was not well documented by this study which indicated a need for more focused qualitative study.

Smokeless Tobacco Supply Chain in South Asia: A Comparative Analysis Using the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamran Siddiqi ◽  
Katy Scammell ◽  
Rumana Huque ◽  
Amina Khan ◽  
Sushil Baral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco

scholarly journals Knowledge, Awareness, and Health-Seeking Behaviour regarding Tuberculosis in a Rural District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Adeela Khan ◽  
Babar Tasneem Shaikh ◽  
Mirza Amir Baig
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Health Seeking Behaviour ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province ◽  
Quantitative Results

Background. Pakistan is a country with one of the highest burden of tuberculosis (TB) in the world, and therefore, it is imperative to revisit the design of behaviour change interventions in the program. This study was designed to understand and assess the knowledge, awareness, perceptions, and health-seeking behaviour of general and specifically TB-affected population and to determine the presence and level of stigma and discrimination toward TB patients. Methods. A mixed-method study was conducted in district Haripur of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, comprising a household survey, whereby 526 individuals were interviewed, and five focus group discussions with various subgroups including TB patients and health workers and authorities. Study sought an ethical approval, and data of all respondents was kept confidential. Results. Quantitative results show that women were more knowledgeable on symptomatology and spread of TB, and with rising education, awareness on TB improves. The majority of our respondents had the understanding that it is a curable disease, yet some would avoid TB patients. Most of the respondents (both men and women) knew that one must go to a government facility for treatment. Only one-third would speak to doctor first, if they suspect TB-like symptoms. Television was a popular source of information on TB. Qualitative results captured people’s perceptions that TB was related with poverty and was still considered a stigma in the community; hence, patients afflicted feared disclosing the disease. Conclusion. With contextual understanding of communities’ knowledge, attitudes, health-seeking behaviour, and care-seeking patterns, it can be concluded that there is a need to increase the awareness about TB symptoms, mode of transmission, prevention, diagnosis and treatment, and destigmatization of the disease through health education.

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