General anaesthesia of a black leopard (Panthera pardus) with alfaxalone, ketamine and isoflurane

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e001009
Author(s):  
Isabel Angelica Jimenez ◽  
Erika Ashley Militana ◽  
Manuel Martin-Flores
Keyword(s):  
General Anaesthesia ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Rapid Recovery ◽  
Panthera Pardus ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Adrenergic Agonists ◽  
One Year ◽  
Electrolyte Abnormalities

A one-year-old captive black leopard (Panthera pardus) was evaluated for chronic lethargy, behavioural abnormalities and vomiting. The leopard was immobilised with intramuscular alfaxalone (Alfaxan; 1.6 mg/kg) and ketamine (3.1 mg/kg) at doses similar to those used in domestic cats. General anaesthesia was induced with intravenous alfaxalone (1.6 mg/kg) and maintained with isoflurane. Imaging revealed hydrocephalus and a paresophageal hernia. The hernia was surgically corrected. During prolonged anaesthesia (5 hours and 40 minutes), this protocol produced smooth induction, reliable depth, successful deep extubation and smooth, rapid recovery, without major electrolyte abnormalities. This is the first reported use of alfaxalone in a leopard and Alfaxan in any large cat. Alfaxalone may be an alternative to alpha-2 adrenergic agonists in non-domestic felids and may decrease the risk of hyperkalemia associated with those agents. Alfaxalone may also be considered for patients with cardiac or neurological disease, to avoid or reduce the use of ketamine.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF UNILATERAL NEPHRECTOMY ON KIDNEY FUNCTION IN FERAL DOMESTIC CATS (Felis catus)

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
Dionesio A. Estopa
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Function ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Unilateral Nephrectomy ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Operative Care ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
One Year

This experimental study was conducted to determine the effect of unilateral nephrectomy on kidney function through hematological and urological values after surgery using feral domestic cats.  Four (4) apparently healthy stray male cats were caught and used as experimental animals in this study. The animals were grouped into two (2) with two cats in each group. Grouping of the animals was based according to age, the 1st group – ages one year and above (>1 year) and the 2nd group – ages one year and below (<1 year).  A split plot randomized complete block design was used in the experiment. The result shows that rectal temperature and packed cell volume have been affected on both age group of cats and other urological values like the presence of urobilinogen, protein, leukocytes, erythrocytes and crystals were elevated twenty four hours after surgery. A significant increase on the level of creatinine and blood urea nitrogen has been noted from the 3rd and 15th post – operative day. However, no significant difference was noted between experimental animals and the two age groups, all of which have similar result. The findings of the study revealed that the remaining kidney could not completely compensate the function of the other kidney up to the 15th post – operative day, it may take longer than fifteen days. Hence, proper supportive treatment, post-operative care & management of animals subjected to unilateral nephrectomy is a must and should continue beyond fifteen days.

The importance of perioperative optimisation to facilitate safe regional anaesthesia and their improved outcomes in fracture neck of femur patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 175045892110640
Author(s):  
Benjamin Thomas Vincent Gowers ◽  
Michael Sean Greenhalgh ◽  
Kathryn Dyson ◽  
Karthikeyan P Iyengar ◽  
Vijay K Jain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hip Fracture ◽  
General Anaesthesia ◽  
Regional Anaesthesia ◽  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
General Anaesthetic ◽  
Secondary Outcome Measure ◽  
Neck Of Femur ◽  
One Year ◽  
To Receive

Background: Hip fractures are common presentations to orthopaedic departments, and their surgical management often results in blood transfusions. Compared with general anaesthesia, regional anaesthesia reduces the need for transfusions and mortality in the wider surgical population. Aims: In hip fracture patients, our primary outcome measure was to examine any relationship between anaesthetic modality and transfusion rates. The secondary outcome measure was to assess the relationship between anaesthetic modality and one-year mortality. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 280 patients was carried out in 2017 and 2018. Data were collected from patient records, local transfusion laboratory and the national hip fracture database. Results: A total of 59.6% had regional and 40.4% general anaesthesia. Regional anaesthesia patients were younger with fewer comorbidities (p < .05). About 19.8% regional and 34.5% general anaesthesia patients received transfusions (odds ratio (OR) = 0.47, p < .05); 13.6% were taking anticoagulants and were less likely to receive a regional anaesthetic (31.6% versus 64%, OR = 0.26, p < .05). One-year mortality was 27% for regional and 37% for general anaesthetic patients (OR = 0.64, p = .09). Conclusion: Regional anaesthesia halved the risk of blood transfusion. Anticoagulated patients were 74% less likely to receive regional anaesthetics, but had no additional transfusion risk. With optimisation, a larger proportion of patients could have regional anaesthesia.

Quality of domestic cat semen collected by urethral catheterization after the use of different alpha 2-adrenergic agonists

2020 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2097318
Author(s):  
Mónica Madrigal-Valverde ◽  
Rodrigo F Bittencourt ◽  
Antonio DL Ribeiro Filho ◽  
Vivian F Barbosa ◽  
Catharina A Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Morphology ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Domestic Cat ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Adrenergic Agonists ◽  
Urethral Catheterization ◽  
Seminal Parameters ◽  
Semen Collection ◽  
Economical Alternative

Objectives We compared the effects of two alpha (α)2-adrenergic agonists on semen traits. Methods In this study, 13 adult domestic cats were divided into two experimental groups, according to the chemical ejaculation protocol used: the first group received medetomidine hydrochloride (100 µg/kg) and ketamine (5000 µg/kg); the second group received dexmedetomidine hydrochloride (25 µg/kg) and ketamine (5000 µg/kg), both by the intramuscular route. Results The animals responded positively ( P >0.05) to chemical collection. Seminal parameters evaluated included volume, sperm vigor, total motility, progressive motility, sperm concentration, and the structural and functional integrity of the plasma membrane; sperm morphology values did not differ between groups ( P >0.05). Conclusions and relevance The results indicated that dexmedetomidine is a more viable and economical alternative to medetomidine in domestic cats submitted to semen collection by urethral catheterization. Semen collection by urethral catheterization after using α2-adrenergic agonists is a recently developed technique in feline species that is considered to be quick and highly applicable to assisted reproduction programs in felids.

Inflammatory neurological disease in patients treated with tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1472-1487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J Solomon ◽  
Rebecca I Spain ◽  
Michael C Kruer ◽  
Dennis Bourdette
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Department Of Veterans Affairs ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Significant Disability ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
One Year ◽  
Design And Methods

Background: TNF alpha inhibitor (TNFAI) therapy has been associated with inflammatory neurological syndromes. Objectives: To present 10 new cases of TNFAI associated neurological disease and a review of the literature. Methods: The design and methods were based on case series collected from Oregon Health & Sciences University and the Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital in Portland, Oregon and PubMed review. Results: We describe eight demyelinating central nervous system syndromes and two peripheral nervous system syndromes associated with TNFAI therapy. Characteristics from these cases are analyzed with data from 141 additional cases from the literature. Onset was between the ages of 36 and 65 years in 84% of CNS cases, distinguishing TNFAI-associated disease from sporadic multiple sclerosis. Symptoms occurred within one year of TNFAI therapy in 71%. Etanercept therapy was reported in the majority of cases of CNS syndromes and infliximab therapy in the majority of neuromuscular syndromes. Significant disability remained in 67% of cases although 82% had been followed for less than one year. Conclusions: Our case series and literature review demonstrates an association between TNFAI therapy and inflammatory neurological disease. While a causal relationship is suggested, this remains uncertain. TNFAI-associated neurological syndromes are associated with significant disability and longer follow-up is needed to better determine natural history and evaluate appropriate treatment interventions.

Wide Awake Hand Surgery

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (03) ◽  
pp. 292-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Line Lied ◽  
Grethe E. Borchgrevink ◽  
Vilhjalmur Finsen
Keyword(s):  
General Anaesthesia ◽  
Regional Anaesthesia ◽  
Hand Surgery ◽  
Awake Surgery ◽  
Numerical Scale ◽  
Lidocaine Injection ◽  
One Year ◽  
Wide Awake ◽  
General Care ◽  
General Period

Background: “Wide awake hand surgery”, where surgery is performed in local anaesthesia with adrenaline, without sedation or a tourniquet, has become widespread in some countries. It has a number of potential advantages and we wished to evaluate it among our patients. Methods: All 122 patients treated by this method during one year were evaluated by the surgeons and the patients on a numerical scale from 0 (best/least) to 10 (worst/most). Theatre time was compared to that recorded for a year when regional or general anaesthesia had been used. Results: The patients’ mean score for the general care they had received was 0.1 (SD 0.6), for pain during lidocaine injection 2.4 (SD 2.2), for pain during surgery 0.9 (SD 1.5), and for other discomfort during surgery 0.5 (SD 1.4). Eight reported that they would want general anaesthesia if they were to be operated again. The surgeons’ mean evaluation of bleeding during surgery was 1.6 (SD 1.8), oedema during surgery 0.4 (SD 1.1), general disadvantages with the method 1.0 (SD 1.6) and general advantages 6.5 (SD 4.3). The estimation of advantages was 9.9 (DS 0.5) for tendon suture. 28 patients needed intra-operative additional anaesthesia. The proportion was lower among trained hand surgeons and fell significantly during the study period. Non-surgical theatre time was 46 (SD 15) minutes during the study period and 55 (SD 22) minutes during the regional/general period (p < 0.001). This gain was cancelled out by a longer surgery time during the wide awake period. Conclusions: Wide awake surgery is fully acceptable to most patients. It has a number of advantages over general or regional anaesthesia, but we feel it is unlikely to improve the efficiency of the operating theatre.

Chronic tonsillitis, tonsillectomy and sickle cell crises

1987 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 467-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. T. A. Ijaduola ◽  
O. O. Akinyanju
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
General Anaesthesia ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Chronic Tonsillitis ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Pain Crisis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
Sickle Cell Crises

AbstractA study of the effect of tonsillectomy on the frequency of sickle cell pain crises was carried out on 15 patients with sickle cell disease (Hb SS) who presented with complaints of frequent pain crises and were found to have chronic tonsillitis. They comprised 9 females and 6 males and ranged in age from 6 to 35 years, with a mean of 15 years. Tonsillectomy was performed under general anaesthesia. The mean number of pain crises in the one-year period after tonsillectomy was 1.5 and was significantly less than the mean number 4.7 in the one year preceding the operation (p<0.001). Four patients failed to show a reduced number of crises and these were those whose tonsils at operation showed no pus in their tonsillar crypts. It is thus observed that chronic tonsillitis, symptoms of which may not be volunteered at examination, is a potent inductor of sickle cell pain crisis and that tonsillectomy is an effective mode of treatment, especially when the tonsillar crypts contain pus.

scholarly journals Adenosine-induced Cardiac Standstill to Facilitate Endovascular Embolisation of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations in Children

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Puri ◽  
I. Sen ◽  
J. R. Bapuraj
Keyword(s):  
General Anaesthesia ◽  
Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
Neurological Outcomes ◽  
Endovascular Embolisation ◽  
Glue Injection ◽  
Controlled Deposition ◽  
One Year

This report describes three children, aged eight to 11 years, with high-flow cerebral arteriovenous malformations who underwent interventional neuroradiological procedures involving glue (N-butyl cyanoacrylate) embolisation under general anaesthesia. The procedure was facilitated by relative hypotension induced by esmolol infusion and intravenous adenosine boluses. To allow controlled deposition of N-butyl cyanoacrylate into the arteriovenous malformations, glue injection was synchronised with the onset of adenosine-induced brief cardiac standstill. This resulted in satisfactory obliteration of the arteriovenous malformations nidus in all cases. The haemodynamic modulations, including the adenosine-induced brief cardiac standstill, was noted to not affect the BIS values in our patients. All patients had satisfactory obliteration of their arteriovenous malformations and had good neurological outcomes at one-year follow-up.

scholarly journals Delayed recovery from general anaesthesia associated with pre‐existing neurological disease in a horse

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Lord ◽  
Caroline Hahn ◽  
Patrick J Pollock ◽  
Juliet Clare Duncan
Keyword(s):  
General Anaesthesia ◽  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Delayed Recovery
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