scholarly journals PCR detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in piglet processing fluids in the event of a clinical respiratory disease outbreak

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e001045
Author(s):  
Carles Vilalta ◽  
Beatriz Garcia-Morante ◽  
Juan Manuel Sanhueza ◽  
Mark Schwartz ◽  
Maria Pieters
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Pcr Detection ◽  
Early Infection ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Clinical Report ◽  
Breeding Farms

Diagnosis of early infection with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in breeding herds remains challenging. M hyopneumoniae has been recently detected in processing fluids (PFs), an emerging sample suitable for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus monitoring in pig breeding farms. This clinical report describes the unusual detection of M hyopneumoniae in PF at the same time that a clinical respiratory disease outbreak occurred in a previously M hyopneumoniae-negative sow farm. These results provide new insights into the value that testing PF to detect M hyopneumoniae may have in breeding herds.

Lungworms (Metastrongylus Spp.) Demonstrated in Domestic Pigs with Respiratory Disease - What was the True Relevance of that?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Wallgren ◽  
Emelie Pettersson
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Ascaris Suum ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Domestic Pigs ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Routine Inspection ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BackgroundAn outdoor pig herd was affected by severe respiratory disease in one out of three pastures. At necropsy, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida were detected in the lungs, as well as the lung worm Metastrongylus apri. The life cycle of Metastrongylus spp. includes earth worms as an intermediate host, and since domesticated pigs mainly are reared indoors lungworms has not been diagnosed in domestic pigs in Sweden for decades, not even in pigs reared outdoors. Therefore, this disease outbreak was scrutinised from the view of validating the impact of Metastrongylus spp..ResultsAt the time of the disease outbreak, neither eggs of Metastrongylus spp. nor Ascaris suum were detected in faeces of pigs aged ten weeks. In contrast, five-months-old pigs at the pasture with respiratory disease shed large amounts of eggs from Ascaris suum, whereas Ascaris suum not was demonstrated in healthy pigs aged six months at another pasture. Low numbers of eggs from Metastrongylus spp. were seen in faecal samples from both these age categories.At slaughter, seven weeks later, ten normal weighted pigs in the preceding healthy batch were compared with ten normal weighted and five small pigs from the affected batch. Healing Mycoplasma-like pneumonic lesions were seen in all groups. Small pigs had more white spot liver lesions, and all small pigs shed eggs of Ascaris suum in faeces, compared to around 50% of the pigs in the normally sized groups. Metastrongylus spp. were demonstrated in 13 of the 25 pigs (52%), %), representing all groups included.ConclusionAs Metastrongylus spp. were demonstrated regardless of health status, and in another healthy outdoor herd, the impact of Metastrongylus spp. on the outbreak of respiratory disease was depreciated. Instead, Metastrongylus spp. was suggested to be common in outdoor production, although rarely diagnosed. The reason for this is because they will escape detection at routine inspection at slaughterhouses, and that they appeared to generally not induce clinical signs of respiratory disease. Instead, a possible association with a high burden of Ascaris suum was suggested to have preceded the severe outbreak with respiratory disease.

scholarly journals Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Potentiation of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus-Induced Pneumonia

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 620-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen L. Thacker ◽  
Patrick G. Halbur ◽  
Richard F. Ross ◽  
Roongroje Thanawongnuwech ◽  
Brad J. Thacker
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Model ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Mycoplasma Species ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Acute Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Essentially Normal ◽  
Mycoplasmal Pneumonia

An experimental model that demonstrates a mycoplasma species acting to potentiate a viral pneumonia was developed. Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, which produces a chronic, lymphohistiocytic bronchopneumonia in pigs, was found to potentiate the severity and the duration of a virus-induced pneumonia in pigs. Pigs were inoculated with M. hyopneumoniae 21 days prior to, simultaneously with, or 10 days after inoculation with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), which induces an acute interstitial pneumonia in pigs. PRRSV-induced clinical respiratory disease and macroscopic and microscopic pneumonic lesions were more severe and persistent in M. hyopneumoniae-infected pigs. At 28 or 38 days after PRRSV inoculation, M. hyopneumoniae-infected pigs still exhibited lesions typical of PRRSV-induced pneumonia, whereas the lungs of pigs which had received only PRRSV were essentially normal. On the basis of macroscopic lung lesions, it appears that PRRSV infection did not influence the severity of M. hyopneumoniae infection, although microscopic lesions typical ofM. hyopneumoniae were more severe in PRRSV-infected pigs. These results indicate that M. hyopneumoniae infection potentiates PRRSV-induced disease and lesions. Most importantly,M. hyopneumoniae-infected pigs with minimal to nondetectable mycoplasmal pneumonia lesions manifested significantly increased PRRSV-induced pneumonia lesions compared to pigs infected with PRRSV only. This discovery is important with respect to the control of respiratory disease in pigs and has implications in elucidating the potential contribution of mycoplasmas in the pathogenesis of viral infections of other species, including humans.

scholarly journals Codetection of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Habituated Wild Western Lowland Gorillas and Humans During a Respiratory Disease Outbreak

EcoHealth ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim S. Grützmacher ◽  
Sophie Köndgen ◽  
Verena Keil ◽  
Angelique Todd ◽  
Anna Feistner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Western Lowland Gorillas ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Lowland Gorillas

scholarly journals Comparative Pathogenicity of Nine US Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) Isolates in a Five-Week-Old Cesarean-Derived, Colostrum-Deprived Pig Model

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick G. Halbur ◽  
Prem S. Paul ◽  
Xiang-Jin Meng ◽  
Melissa A. Lum ◽  
John J. Andrews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Lung Lesion ◽  
Pig Model ◽  
Respiratory Syndrome Virus ◽  
Lung Lesions ◽  
Follicular Hyperplasia ◽  
Lung Lobes

One hundred forty-six 5-week-old cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived (CDCD) pigs were inoculated intranasally with 1 of 9 US porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) isolates. Differences were found in severity of clinical respiratory disease, rectal temperatures ( P ≤0.001), gross lung lesions ( P ≤ 0.001), and microscopic lung lesions ( P ≤ 0.05). Gross lung lesions were generally most severe 10 days postinoculation and were distributed primarily in the cranial, middle, and accessory lobes and ventromedial portion of the caudal lung lobes. Mean gross lung lesion scores estimating the percentage of lung affected by pneumonia at 10 days postinoculation ranged from 16.7% ± 2.8% (x X ± SEM, n = 10) for isolate ISU-51 to 62.4% ± 5.7% ( n = 10) for isolate ISU-28. Microscopic lung lesions were characterized by hyperplastic and hypertrophied type 2 pneumocytes, septal infiltration by mononuclear cells, and accumulation of necrotic alveolar exudate. Lymph node follicular hyperplasia and focal necrosis was seen with all 9 isolates. This CDCD pig model was useful for demonstration of significant differences in pathogenicity among US PRRSV isolates. This difference in pathogenicity may help explain the variation in severity of clinical disease observed in field outbreaks of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome and should provide for meaningful comparison of PRRSV genotypes.

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