Bovine tuberculosis trends in the UK and the Republic of Ireland, 1995–2010

Extending on earlier work, trends in bovine tuberculosis (bTB) from 2003 to 2015 are described for the countries of the UK and the Republic of Ireland using standardised definitions and measures. Based on measures of animal and herd incidence, there remains a stable situation of extremely low prevalence in Scotland and the Low Risk Area of England, and a higher but ongoing reduction in prevalence in the Republic of Ireland. In Northern Ireland, there has been a rising bTB trend during 2010–2015, although not to levels experienced during 2002–2004. In the High Risk Area and Edge Area of England during 2010–2015, the rising bTB trends have continued but with some recent evidence of stabilisation. In Wales, prevalence has fallen subsequent to a peak in 2008. The paper considers country-level differences in the light of key policy changes, which are presented in detail. This work is unique, and will assist policymakers when critically evaluating policy options for effective control and eradication. Ongoing updates of this analysis would be useful, providing an evidence base for country-level comparison of bTB trends into the future. The use of multivariable analytical methods should be considered, but will rely on substantial sharing of raw data across the five countries.

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A practical example of an open disclosure process for people with intellectual disabilities in the Republic of Ireland

Journal of Intellectual Disabilities ◽

10.1177/17446295211018910 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 174462952110189

Author(s):

Feabhra Mullally ◽

Deirdre Corby

Keyword(s):

Intellectual Disabilities ◽

Service Providers ◽

Republic Of Ireland ◽

Open Disclosure ◽

The Usa ◽

People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽

Adults With Intellectual Disabilities ◽

The Republic ◽

Communication Needs ◽

The Uk

Literature pertaining to open disclosure predominantly refers to acute care settings; this is the case in, for example, the UK, Republic of Ireland, Australia, Korea and the USA. There is, however, a dearth of literature regarding open disclosure related to people with intellectual disabilities. A practice example of open disclosure is presented here, following a serious adverse event in an organisation supporting adults with intellectual disabilities. The aim of the process was to openly disclose in a meaningful way to adults with significant intellectual disabilities and communication difficulties. An apology pathway was developed by a multidisciplinary team based on individual communication needs. A suite of resources was developed including easy read-picture agendas and sign language to support increased understanding of the apology. Service users received the apology first, followed by meetings with their families. This practice example has positive implications for service providers for people with intellectual disabilities.

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The association of cattle husbandry practices, environmental factors and farmer characteristics with the occurence of chronic bovine tuberculosis in dairy herds in the Republic of Ireland

Preventive Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.1016/0167-5877(93)90025-o ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 17 (3-4) ◽

pp. 145-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

John M. Griffin ◽

Tom Hahesy ◽

Kevin Lynch ◽

M.D. Salman ◽

John McCarthy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Bovine Tuberculosis ◽

Dairy Herds ◽

Republic Of Ireland ◽

Husbandry Practices ◽

The Republic ◽

Cattle Husbandry

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Wound botulism in injectors of drugs: upsurge in cases in England during 2004

Eurosurveillance ◽

10.2807/esm.10.09.00561-en ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 5-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

D Akbulut ◽

J Dennis ◽

M Gent ◽

K A Grant ◽

V Hope ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clostridium Botulinum ◽

Botulinum Neurotoxin ◽

Type A ◽

Wound Infections ◽

Republic Of Ireland ◽

Wound Botulism ◽

Geographical Clustering ◽

The Republic ◽

The Uk

Wound infections due to Clostridium botulinum were not recognised in the UK and Republic of Ireland before 2000. C. botulinum produces a potent neurotoxin which can cause paralysis and death. In 2000 and 2001, ten cases were clinically recognised, with a further 23 in 2002, 15 in 2003 and 40 cases in 2004. All cases occurred in heroin injectors. Seventy cases occurred in England; the remainder occurred in Scotland (12 cases), Wales (2 cases) and the Republic of Ireland (4 cases). Overall, 40 (45%) of the 88 cases were laboratory confirmed by the detection of botulinum neurotoxin in serum, or by the isolation of C. botulinum from wounds. Of the 40 cases in 2004, 36 occurred in England, and of the 12 that were laboratory confirmed, 10 were due to type A. There was some geographical clustering of the cases during 2004, with most cases occurring in London and in the Yorkshire and Humberside region of northeast England.

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Language Proficiency Questions in Censuses: The Republic of Ireland and the UK (Northern Ireland)

Measures of Language Proficiency in Censuses and Surveys ◽

10.1007/978-3-319-72941-1_2 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 23-47

Author(s):

Pádraig Ó Riagáin

Keyword(s):

Northern Ireland ◽

Language Proficiency ◽

Republic Of Ireland ◽

The Republic ◽

The Uk

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Northern Ireland and ‘Ulster Nationalism’

10.3366/edinburgh/9781474447812.003.0010 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 186-201

Author(s):

David Torrance

Keyword(s):

Northern Ireland ◽

Free State ◽

Home Rule ◽

Republic Of Ireland ◽

Irish Free State ◽

The Republic ◽

The Uk

Many analysts of the politics of Northern Ireland have argued that there exists some form of ‘Ulster nationalism’, particularly among Ulster Unionists. After 1886, when Gladstone promised Home Rule for Ireland, Unionists fashioned an Ulster identity predicated on Protestantism and ‘loyalty’ to the British Crown. This was contrasted with the ‘disloyalty’ of Catholics in what would become the Republic of Ireland. This form of ‘nationalist unionism’ was more ethnic in character than the civic variety which existed in Scotland and Wales. It too contained contradictions, not least its suspicion of Westminster and paranoia as to the intentions of successive UK governments towards the constitutional status of Northern Ireland. At various points after 1921, some Ulster Unionists even toyed with the idea of Northern Ireland becoming a ‘Dominion’ (like the Irish Free State) or else pursuing some other form of ‘independence’ from the UK.

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The College: an analysis of members' views

Psychiatric Bulletin ◽

10.1192/pb.23.1.11 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 11-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. E. Kendell ◽

R. Duffett

Keyword(s):

British Journal ◽

Random Sample ◽

Response Rate ◽

Education And Training ◽

Republic Of Ireland ◽

Department Of Health ◽

The Republic ◽

Large Random Sample ◽

The Uk ◽

And Training

Aims and methodIn November 1997 a questionnaire was sent to a large random sample of members, fellows, affiliates and inceptors living in the UK or the Republic of Ireland.ResultsOne thousand four hundred and seventy-six completed questionnaires were available for analysis, a response rate of 63%. The College was complemented for raising standards of education and training in psychiatry and criticised for not trying hard enough, or failing, to influence the policies of the Department of Health. A high proportion of respondents highly valued the British Journal of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Bulletin but few made use of the library. A high percentage of Irish, Welsh and Scottish members, and of members of the five smaller faculties, participated in and expressed their appreciation of the activities of the College.ImplicationsWhatever its other failings the College is not dominated by general psychiatrists and their interests, or by London-based psychiatrists. It is surprisingly successful at involving Scottish, Welsh and Irish psychiatrists, and members of the smaller faculties, in its activities. To some extent, however, the faculties are thriving at the expense of the English divisions.

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The Personal Implications of the Referendum Results for (German) EU Citizens Living in the UK

German Law Journal ◽

10.1017/s207183220002174x ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 (S1) ◽

pp. 83-86

Author(s):

Jule Mulder

Keyword(s):

Country Of Birth ◽

Republic Of Ireland ◽

National Statistics ◽

The Republic ◽

The Uk ◽

Future Status ◽

The Eu

According the Office for National Statistics' 2014 estimate, 300,000 UK residents were born in Germany and 131,000 are German nationals. This makes them the fifth biggest group of immigrants in the UK by country of birth—preceded only by people born in India, Poland, Pakistan and the Republic of Ireland— and the twelfth largest group of immigrants in terms of nationality. Thus, although Brexit's rhetoric against immigration has not directly targeted Germans, a large number will be affected by the UK's changing relationship with the EU. Just as for other EU citizens, their future status in the UK is all but certain.

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The Potential Impact of Climate Change on Oat Lodging in the UK and Republic of Ireland

Advances in Meteorology ◽

10.1155/2020/4138469 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mohammadreza Mohammadi ◽

John Finnan ◽

Chris Baker ◽

Mark Sterling

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Meteorological Data ◽

Climate Data ◽

Republic Of Ireland ◽

Growing Period ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Double Exponential ◽

The Republic ◽

The Uk ◽

The Impact

This paper examines the impact that climate change may have on the lodging of oats in the Republic of Ireland and the UK. Through the consideration of a novel lodging model representing the motion of an oat plant due to the interaction of wind and rain and integrating future predictions of wind and rainfall due to climate change, appropriate conclusions have been made. In order to provide meteorological data for the lodging model, wind and rainfall inputs are analysed using 30 years’ time series corresponding to peak lodging months (June and July) from 38 meteorological stations in the United Kingdom and the Irish Republic, which enables the relevant probability density functions (PDFs) to be established. Moreover, climate data for the next six decades in the British Isles produced by UK climate change projections (UKCP18) are analysed, and future wind and rainfall PDFs are obtained. It is observed that the predicted changes likely to occur during the key growing period (June to July) in the next 30 years are in keeping with variations, which can occur due to different husbandry treatments/plant varieties. In addition, the utility of a double exponential function for representing the rainfall probability has been observed with appropriate values for the constants given.

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