Income Analysis And Optimization Of Cow Livestock Development In Supporting The Livestock Development Program In Kupang Regency

This study aims to answer the main problem regarding income and optimization of cattle husbandry development in supporting livestock development programs in Kupang Regency. The research method used is social qualitative research method with FGD pattern to obtain primary and secondary data. This research took place in Kupang Regency as an area that has potential for cattle which is always in demand by other regions such as DKI Jakarta and so on. If viewed from the prospect of Beef Cattle Development in Kupang district, then look for markets for livestock and livestock products both from NTT and within NTT itself continue to increase in line with economic growth and population growth. There is still a lot of land that is available and possible for the development of livestock business which has not been utilized. The government's policy of encouraging state-owned enterprises to mediate funds to assist small businesses and at low interest rates has been implemented. This policy provides opportunities for business development and new investment in the livestock industry in NTT Province. Various patterns/schemes of soft credit and simple procedures and directly to livestock farmer groups such as Strengthening Group Business Capital (PMUK) or Community Direct Loan Assistance (BPLM) or Social Assistance Patterns are actually very good opportunities to overcome the problem of capital difficulties for farmers. Through through and intensification with the support of technology with prospects to increase productivity as well. The role of the sub-sector in the future in Kupang Regency is still large as a provider of food from livestock as a source of income and as a job opening.

Attitudes towards the Sri Lankan leopard Panthera pardus kotiya in two rural communities

Livestock depredation by wild carnivores threatens carnivore populations and livestock-dependent human communities globally. Understanding local attitudes towards carnivores can inform strategies to improve coexistence. In Sri Lanka, the dairy industry is expanding, creating a need for proactive conflict mitigation. Livestock depredation by the Endangered Sri Lankan leopard Panthera pardus kotiya occurs, but little is known about these incidents or the attitudes of those whose livelihoods may be threatened by this. We surveyed people in two rural communities, Palatupana and Maskeliya, that differed in the scale of livestock ownership, livestock management practices and socio-ecological factors, to characterize attitudes towards leopards and understand their determinants. In Palatupana, an area with extensive cattle rearing, depredation incidents were frequent, and attitudes towards leopards were positively related to respondents' age, number of dependants, years spent rearing livestock and a greater overall support for wildlife conservation. Attitudes were negatively related to respondents' knowledge of leopard ecology and awareness of leopard-related tourism, from which cattle owners do not benefit. In Maskeliya, where cattle rearing is secondary to other agricultural work, depredation did not occur. Here, attitudes were positively related to a desire for increased government assistance with cattle rearing. The inability to develop land for cattle husbandry was a common barrier experienced in both communities. Considering local attitudes can inform strategies to improve human–carnivore coexistence. Approaches that could improve attitudes towards leopards include involvement of cattle owners in tourism programmes, exploring potential alternative land ownership schemes, and improving infrastructure and access to veterinary care.

PSI-B-25 Assessment of the genetic resources of Russian local cattle breeds by genome-wide SNP analysis

Russia is reach by local cattle genetic resources, which are well adapted to the different environment. However, the modern cattle husbandry tends to the replacing the local cattle breeds by highly productive commercial breeds, which can lead to the decline of genetic diversity. The aim of our work was to estimate the genetic identity of five Russian local cattle breeds, including Yaroslavl (n = 52), Kholmogor (n = 26), Istoben (n = 21), Tagil (n = 26), and Black-and-White (n = 44). The Holstein breed (n = 49), which is actively used for improvement of above breeds was included in the study for comparison. The genotyping was performed using GGP Bovine 150K Array (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA) and more than 112000 autosomal SNPs passed through the quality control and were selected for the analysis. We observed the significant excess of heterozygotes in four studied breeds (the values of unbiased inbreeding coefficient were varied from -0.009 to -0.022), except for Black-and-White breed. The effective population size (Ne) for Istoben, Tagil and Kholmogor breeds was declined until present, while Holstein and Black-and-White breeds showed the increase of Ne values starting at 5 generations ago. The Black-and-White breed was the closest to the Holsteins (Fst=0.014), while the Yaroslavl breed was the most distant (Fst=0.115). The highest ratio of Holstein specific genomic components was shown for Tagil (18.79%) and Black-and-White (59.73%) breeds. Our results indicated replacing the part of aboriginal genomic components in several Russian local cattle breeds by Holstein specific components. The comprehensive strategies for conservation of the Russian local cattle breeds are needed to avoid the further decline of genetic diversity of these valuable national animal genetic resources. The study was funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation within theme 0445-2019-0024.

Diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of physiological and pathological conditions of the uterus in cows postpartum

Objective An important task of veterinarians in cattle husbandry is the early diagnosis of postpartum complications that can lead to infertility. The aim of the study was the evaluation of a new device to distinguish between physiological and pathological conditions of the uterus based on the determination of the time of uterine involution and the physicochemical properties of the vaginal discharge (lochia) during the first weeks after parturition. Material and methods A total of 173 black-and-white Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were examined for any pathological alteration of the uterine involution on days 1–2, 6–8, 11–14 postpartum and, in case of pathological findings, additionally on days 18–22, 23–27 and 28–30 after parturition. In addition to the standard examination a newly developed hand-held instrument (“Metrastatum”) was used to differentiate between physiological and pathological uterine involution. It allows determination of the distance between the cervix and vulva (DCV) and simultaneous collection of lochial secretions. Results The best time to use the new instrument was 10–16 days postpartum. In healthy cows without disturbed puerperium, the average DCV was 25.7 cm (± 0.8 cm) in this phase. This distance decreased by 12.5 ± 0.3 cm compared to the first days. In contrast, in cows with postpartum problems, the DCV was significantly greater at (31 ± 0.7 cm) (p < 0.001). In these animals, the AGV was reduced only by an average of 8.4 ± 0.6 cm when compared to the first days. The mucus obtained with the dome-shaped rubber funnel of the instrument also differed in the cows of the 2 groups. In healthy cows without puerperal problems, the lochia were thick, colorless, transparent and sometimes cloudy. In case of puerperal disorders, the discharge was thin, light red to reddish brown, contained flakes and had a nasty odor depending on the form of the inflammation. Conclusion The dual function of device helps to early diagnose puerperal disorders in cows and to select healthy animals for reproduction and sick cows for treatment depending on the form of uterine inflammation.

Investigating cattle husbandry in the Swiss Late Neolithic using different scales of temporal precision: potential early evidence for deliberate livestock “improvement” in Europe

Cattle were the most common domestic livestock animal throughout much of the Neolithic period in the area now occupied by modern day Switzerland, home to a significant number of sites dating to between approximately 4400 and 2500 cal BC. Many of these sites were located in wetland locations, resulting in very well-preserved large faunal assemblages which can be dated using dendrochronology with rare precision. This region is also particularly important for our knowledge of the spread of culture and innovation through Central Europe during the Neolithic period—its topography results in a natural corridor through which influences travelled from both the east and west. This study is the first to combine cattle data from across the whole of Switzerland, focusing on %NISP and biometrical data, in order to investigate how cattle husbandry changed over time, comparing the east and west of the region. A number of different temporal scales are used in order to look for broad patterns and then focus in for more detail. Results indicate that there is a clear correlation between %NISP and body size of cattle throughout much of the Swiss Neolithic and that cattle husbandry changed broadly in line with perceived cultural changes in both the east and west. Of particular interest is a clear increase in both %NISP and body size around the time of the introduction of the Corded Ware culture, contrary to the general pattern of cattle body size decrease seen across Europe at this time. This change is seen, however, in the west of Switzerland prior to the east and raises questions around alternative origins and areas of influence. Either way, the most likely explanation for the increase in cattle size is the introduction of a new population (or populations) of larger cattle into the region, which are incorporated into herds over a few hundred years, providing perhaps some of the earliest evidence for cattle “improvement” in Europe.

Mixed cultivation of legumes and cereals to strengthen the fodder base in cattle husbandry

In order to further strengthen the fodder base in cattle husbandry, scientists of the Research Institute of Cattle husbandry and Poultry studied the variety of sorghum “Kibray” and oat variety “Uzbekistan broad-leaved” in different options, at different rates, at different times. Variations planted without a two-component mixture were tested in 4 options each. Valuable farm traits, especially green mass yield, were analyzed for each option. The cost-effectiveness of each option was also examined. An effective option for sowing Sorghum without mixing with cereals has been identified.

MEMORY OF PETRO DMYTROVYCH SHUST

On September 4, 2020, at the 82nd year, died a well-known scientist in the branch of technology for the production the products of livestock, candidate of agricultural sciences Petro Dmytrovych Shust. D. Shust was born on January 23, 1939 in the village of Plysetsky, Vasylkiv district, Kyiv region. In 1957 he entered the zootechnical faculty of the Ukrainian Agricultural Academy, which he successfully graduated in 1962. From 1962 to 1975 he worked in the Ternopil region as a senior zootechnician of the regional state pedigree station, main zootechnician of the Borshchiv Administration of Agriculture, manager of the inter-collective farm fattening point, proxy head of the executive committee of the district Council of People's Deputies. From 1975 to 1978 he was the superior guild of the livestock of a specialized farm in production pork (bacon) of the state farm “Kyivsky” in the Kyiv-Sviatoshynskyi district of the Kyiv region. From 1978 to 1979 he was the main zootechnician of the Republican Trust of Experimental Farms and Elite-Seminal State Farms of Scientifically Experienced Institutions of the Ministry of Agriculture of Ukraine. From 1979 to 1996 he was the director of the Experimental Station of the Beef Cattle Husbandry “Vorzel” of the Ukrainian Agricultural Academy. For these years, under his leadership, created a strong material and technical base for the spending the educational process for students and research work of postgraduate students and researchers of the station and the academy. An incubative guild, an experimental greenhouse and a farm-laboratory with fragments of various technologies for keeping and milking cattle, system of manure removal, watering of pastures were built. Working as the director of the station, P. D. Shust in 1986 defended his dissertation. In 1996, Petro Dmytrovych worked as a leading zootechnician department of the milk of the Main Administration of Animal Husbandry with the State Pedigree Inspectorate of the Ministry of Agriculture of Ukraine, and from 1997 to 2000 – superior of the production department, proxy general director PU “Kyivtvarynprom”. During his work in the production he four times was elected a deputy of the district and twice the city Councils of People's Deputies, awarded the order “Badge of Honor”, the medal "For Valiant Work", 5 gold and 6 silver medals EAPE of the USSR. From 2000 to 2002 – senior researcher of the Laboratory of Feeding and Using Pastures of the Institute of the Beef Cattle Husbandry UAAS, from 2002 to 2011 – manager of the Laboratory of Technology of the Beef Cattle Husbandry of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics NAAS. Working as the manager of the laboratory, Petro Dmytrovych in 2008 received a certificate of a senior researcher in the specialty of technology for the production the products of livestock. The scientific work of the scientist was turned at studying the dynamic growth of animal, digestion nutrients of feeds and balance of nitrogen, efficiency of feeds, growth muscular, bony and adipose tissues, transformation of feeds, accumulation of protein in organism and slaughter qualities of animals, raised in conditions of variable regime of feeding. Under his leadership have been developed the following technologies: rational use and preservation of natural forage lands (meadows and pastures); creation of cultivated pastures on the basis of multicomponent grass mixtures of different term of reaching pasture maturity; creation of a pasture conveyor for cattle of the meat direction of productivity. P. D. Shust's scientific achievement include about 100 scientific works, 10 patents and copyright certificates. He was an extraordinary person, friendly, frank, sensitive, sincere, truthful man and a professional in his affair. Petro Dmitrievich will forever remain a model for colleagues, friends and relatives. The bright memory of him will live in our hearts. The collective of the Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics nd. a. M.V.Zubets of NAAS.

Abundant herds: Accumulation, herd management, and land-use patterns in a conservation area

North-eastern Namibia’s Zambezi Region became part of the world’s largest transboundary conservation area in the early 2010s: the Kavango–Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area. While wildlife numbers and wildlife-based tourism are increasing rapidly in this conservation zone, cattle herds and livestock-based economies are expanding as well. More than conservation and wildlife-based tourism, cattle husbandry is a project of the local population and of the local elite in particular. Cattle are an expression of wealth and are regarded as a means of saving. At the same time, cattle can be used to plough fields, pull sledges, and produce milk and meat for home consumption and also for sale. Cattle also fulfil important social functions; they are necessary for bridewealth payments and are used in cattle loans with which wealthy herd owners furnish poorer relatives. Recent investments into self-financed boreholes have opened new rangelands for the wealthy, while the expansion of conservation areas in the region’s wetlands and the establishment of wildlife corridors have rendered other rangelands challenging due to prohibitions and increasing incidences of human–wildlife conflict. The needs and practices of expanding cattle husbandry often conflict with the demands and challenges of conservation and conservation-related tourism. This contribution describes the emergence and expansion of cattle husbandry in a region which had hardly any cattle before the 1960s and which has seen a major expansion of conservation areas and a subsequent refaunation since the 1980s. The contribution analyses current cattle ownership patterns and management practices. We argue that livestock husbandry and conservation have to be considered together and not as competing land-use strategies that need to be kept apart but as separate visions and aspirations of different stakeholders relating to the same landscape.