Effect of outdoor pig production on the seroprevalence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and lung lesions

Abstract New vaccine formulations that include novel strains of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and innovative adjuvants designed to induce cellular immunity could improve vaccine efficacy against this pathogen. The aim of this experimental study was to assess the efficacy of three experimental bacterin formulations based on M. hyopneumoniae field strain F7.2C which were able to induce cellular immunity. The formulations included a cationic liposome formulation with the Mincle receptor ligand trehalose 6,6-dibehenate (Lipo_DDA:TDB), a squalene-in-water emulsion with Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands targeting TLR1/2, TLR7/8 and TLR9 (SWE_TLR), and a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) micro-particle formulation with the same TLR ligands (PLGA_TLR). Four groups of 12 M. hyopneumoniae-free piglets were primo- (day (D) 0; 39 days of age) and booster vaccinated (D14) intramuscularly with either one of the three experimental bacterin formulations or PBS. The pigs were endotracheally inoculated with a highly and low virulent M. hyopneumoniae strain on D28 and D29, respectively, and euthanized on D56. The main efficacy parameters were: respiratory disease score (RDS; daily), macroscopic lung lesion score (D56) and log copies M. hyopneumoniae DNA determined with qPCR on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid (D42, D56). All formulations were able to reduce clinical symptoms, lung lesions and the M. hyopneumoniae DNA load in the lung, with formulation SWE_TLR being the most effective (RDSD28–D56 −61.90%, macroscopic lung lesions −88.38%, M. hyopneumoniae DNA load in BAL fluid (D42) −67.28%). Further experiments raised under field conditions are needed to confirm these results and to assess the effect of the vaccines on performance parameters.

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Antibodies against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and influenza virus and their relationships with risk factors, clinical signs and lung lesions in pig farms with one-site production systems in Brazil

Preventive Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.104748 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 171 ◽

pp. 104748 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

T.G. Baraldi ◽

N.R.N. Cruz ◽

D.A. Pereira ◽

J.V.B. Galdeano ◽

I.R.H. Gatto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Influenza Virus ◽

Production Systems ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽

Actinobacillus Pleuropneumoniae ◽

Lung Lesions ◽

Pig Farms

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Impact of diversity of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae strains on lung lesions in slaughter pigs

Veterinary Research ◽

10.1186/s13567-016-0408-z ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Annelies Michiels ◽

Katleen Vranckx ◽

Sofie Piepers ◽

Rubén Del Pozo Sacristán ◽

Ioannis Arsenakis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽

Lung Lesions ◽

Slaughter Pigs

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Potential use of local and systemic humoral immune response parameters to forecast Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae associated lung lesions

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0175034 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. e0175034 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Beatriz Garcia-Morante ◽

Joaquim Segalés ◽

Lorenzo Fraile ◽

Gemma Llardén ◽

Teresa Coll ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Humoral Immune Response ◽

Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽

Lung Lesions ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Potential Use

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Reduced lung lesions in pigs challenged 25 weeks after the administration of a single dose of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine at approximately 1 week of age

The Veterinary Journal ◽

10.1016/j.tvjl.2008.03.012 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 181 (3) ◽

pp. 312-320 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

S.C. Reynolds ◽

L.B. St Aubin ◽

L.G. Sabbadini ◽

J. Kula ◽

J. Vogelaar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Single Dose ◽

Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽

Lung Lesions

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Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae as a causative agent of porcine enzootic pneumonia

Livestock ◽

10.12968/live.2021.26.3.136 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 136-143

Author(s):

Christina Gale ◽

Eduardo Velazquez ◽

Emma Pattison

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Respiratory Health ◽

Swine Influenza Virus ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽

Herd Health ◽

Enzootic Pneumonia ◽

Lung Lesions ◽

The Impact

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is a very important pathogen which causes enzootic pneumonia (EP) affecting pig herds worldwide. M. hyopneumoniae establishes itself in the respiratory system causing pathological changes, and resultant pneumonic lesions can be detected at slaughter via lung examination, appearing as red to pink lesions which resolve over time, leaving scar tissue on the lobes. Mycoplasma spp. infection can be complicated by coinfections with other pathogens such as swine influenza virus (SIV) and porcine circovirus (PCV2). These coinfections result in worsening of clinical symptoms and lung lesions, therefore increasing the impact on performance of the affected animals. Therefore, it is important that focus is placed on improving overall respiratory health and managing overall herd health, rather than just solely focusing on M. hyopneumoniae. Management practices should be implemented to control the disease, which commonly involve vaccination to reduce the impacts of the disease. Effective vaccination is important, and can be ensured by correct vaccine handling, storage and administration. The vaccine used can also play a part in the success of the vaccination programme so this should also be assessed, which can be done via lung examination and noting of clinical signs and performance parameters. When vaccination is successful, the level of lung lesions should be reduced, performance improved and consistency between batches, demonstrating that respiratory health is more stable.

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Effects of pre-farrowing sow vaccination against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae on offspring colonisation and lung lesions

Veterinary Record ◽

10.1136/vr.104972 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 184 (7) ◽

pp. 222-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ioannis Arsenakis ◽

Annelies Michiels ◽

Gabriele Schagemann ◽

Charles Oliver Gomez-Duran ◽

Filip Boyen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nested Pcr ◽

Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽

Lung Lesion ◽

Lesion Score ◽

Lung Lesions ◽

Colonisation Rate

This study investigated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae colonisation and lung lesions at slaughter in pigs from vaccinated (V) and non-vaccinated (NV) sows, in two herds (A and B). In each herd, two sow batches were V against M. hyopneumoniae with a commercial bacterin at six and three weeks before farrowing and two sow batches remained NV. From each sow batch, laryngeal swabs were collected from the litters of five primiparous sows at weaning and seven days post-weaning. All samples were tested for M. hyopneumoniae by nested PCR. In total, 488 piglets were sampled. At slaughter, the extent of Mycoplasma-like pneumonia lesions (lung lesion score (LLS)) was assessed. The colonisation rates with M. hyopneumoniae at weaning and seven days post-weaning were (V-A=14.2, NV-A=20.0 (P=0.225); V-B=0.9, NV-B=0.8 (P=0.948)) and (V-A=0.8, NV-A=7.0 (P=0.039); V-B=1.8, NV-B=2.5 (P=0.738)), respectively. The average LLS (in per cent) was V-A=15.5, NV-A=26.4 (P=0.021); V-B=9.7, NV-B=8.4 (P=0.541). In conclusion, in herd A, with a substantially higher level of piglet colonisation at weaning than herd B, offspring from V sows had a significantly lower colonisation rate seven days post-weaning and a significantly lower LLS at slaughter compared with the offspring of the NV sows. This implies that sow vaccination might be useful for control of M. hyopneumoniae infections, although significant results may not be achieved at all times (such as in herd B).

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Cytokine expression and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae burden in the development of lung lesions in experimentally inoculated pigs

Veterinary Microbiology ◽

10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108647 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 244 ◽

pp. 108647

Author(s):

Henrique M.S. Almeida ◽

Marina L. Mechler-Dreibi ◽

Karina Sonálio ◽

Maria Eugênia S. Ferraz ◽

Gabriel Y. Storino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽

Cytokine Expression ◽

Lung Lesions

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Efficacy of Two Commercial Ready-To-Use PCV2 and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Vaccines under Field Conditions

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11061553 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1553

Author(s):

Gonzalo López-Lorenzo ◽

Alberto Prieto ◽

Cynthia López-Novo ◽

Pablo Díaz ◽

Ceferino Manuel López ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preventive Measure ◽

Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽

Porcine Circovirus Type ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Porcine Circovirus ◽

Lung Lesions ◽

Unvaccinated Control ◽

Parity Number ◽

Group A ◽

Group B

Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae are economically important pathogens in swine farms. Vaccination is the main preventive measure for both infections. In order to test two ready-to-use bivalent vaccines, 646 piglets from a herd actively infected with both pathogens were stratified according to the sow parity number and randomly assigned to three groups: A and B were vaccinated with two different vaccines, respectively, while C remained as the unvaccinated control. Vaccine efficacy was assessed based on the weight, average daily weight gain (ADWG), degree of lung lesions, presence of PCV2 viremia by qPCR and presence of PCV2 and M. hyopneumoniae antibody levels by ELISA. Our data revealed that the sow parity did not influence the vaccine outcomes. Good results for most of the analyzed parameters were observed in both vaccinated groups. ADGW and final weight were higher and lung lesions were less evident in both vaccinated groups than in the control one, but only Group A showed a significant improvement. PCV2 viremia was not detected in Group A, but it did appear in Group B coinciding with its peak in Group C. Finally, both the PCV2 and M. hyopneumoniae serological patterns differed depending on the employed vaccine.

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