Low-intensity eccentric contractions of the knee extensors and flexors protect against muscle damage

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1004-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Ju Lin ◽  
Trevor Chung-Ching Chen ◽  
Hsin-Lian Chen ◽  
Bo-Han Wu ◽  
Kazunori Nosaka
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Creatine Kinase Activity ◽  
Eccentric Contractions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Low Intensity

This study investigated the magnitude and duration of the protective effect of low-intensity eccentric contractions (LowEC) against damage induced by maximal eccentric contractions (MaxEC) of the knee flexors (KF) and extensors (KE). Young men were assigned to 8 experimental groups and 2 control groups (n = 13/group); the experimental groups performed LowEC of KF or KE 2 days (2d), 1 week (1wk), 2 weeks (2wk), or 3 weeks (3wk) before MaxEC, while the control groups performed MaxEC of KF or KE without LowEC. The 2d, 1wk, 2wk, and 3wk groups performed 30 LowEC of KF or 60 LowEC of KE with a load of 10% of maximal voluntary isometric contraction strength on a resistance-training machine, and all groups performed 30 MaxEC of KF or 60 MaxEC of KE on an isokinetic dynamometer. Several muscle damage markers were measured from before to 2 days after exercise (LowEC) or from before to 5 days after exercise (MaxEC). No significant changes in any variables were evident after LowEC. The changes in all variables after MaxEC were smaller (P < 0.05) for the 2d and 1wk groups (e.g., peak creatine kinase activity: 1002 ± 501 IU/L; peak muscle soreness: 13 ± 5 mm) than for the control group (peak creatine kinase activity: 3005 ± 983 IU/L; peak muscle soreness 28 ± 6 mm) for both KE and KF. There were no significant differences between the 2d and 1wk groups or among the 2wk, 3wk, and control groups. These results show that LowEC provided 30%–66% protection against damage induced by MaxEC of KF and KE, and the protective effect lasted 1 week.

Serum Creatine Kinase Activity and Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness in Prepubescent Children: A Preliminary Study

1989 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauri M. Webber ◽  
William C. Byrnes ◽  
Thomas W. Rowland ◽  
Vicky L. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Creatine Kinase Activity ◽  
Serum Creatine Kinase ◽  
Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Delayed Onset ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
The Difference

Although delayed onset muscle soreness and increased serum creatine kinase activity (SCKA) following unaccustomed exercise is common in adults, little is known concerning these responses in children. The perception of muscle soreness and SCKA in children (n = 16) (M age = 10.4±.30 yr) was compared to a control group of adults (n = 15) (M age = 27.1±.87 yr) following a single bout of downhill running (30 min − 10% grade). Preexercise SCKA was not significantly different between the children (91.7±8.5 μmol•L−1•min−1) and the adults (77.1±5.9 μmol•L−1•min−1). The difference in SCKA (pre to 24 hours post) was significantly less (p<.01) for the children (68.6±16.2 μmol•L−1•min−1) than for the adults (188.7±36.8 μmol•L−1•min−1). When the groups were adjusted for weight differences, SCKA was not significantly different between the adults and the children. Regardless of age, males demonstrated a significantly greater increase in SCKA postexercise when compared to females. Soreness ratings (verbally anchored scale from 1 to 10) 24 hours following the downhill run were not significantly different between the children (3.8±.6) and the adults (4.5±.7). Following an eccentrically biased exercise task, children exhibited less of a SCKA response compared to adults that is related to body weight.

Evidence of skeletal muscle damage following electrically stimulated isometric muscle contractions in humans

2008 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 1620-1627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail L. Mackey ◽  
Jens Bojsen-Moller ◽  
Klaus Qvortrup ◽  
Henning Langberg ◽  
Charlotte Suetta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Creatine Kinase Activity ◽  
Muscle Contractions ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Muscle Biopsies

It is unknown whether muscle damage at the level of the sarcomere can be induced without lengthening contractions. To investigate this, we designed a study where seven young, healthy men underwent 30 min of repeated electrical stimulated contraction of m. gastrocnemius medialis, with the ankle and leg locked in a fixed position. Two muscle biopsies were collected 48 h later: one from the stimulated muscle and one from the contralateral leg as a control. The biopsies were analyzed immunohistochemically for inflammatory cell infiltration and intermediate filament disruption. Ultrastructural changes at the level of the z-lines were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Blood samples were collected for measurement of creatine kinase activity, and muscle soreness was assessed in the days following stimulation. The biopsies from the stimulated muscle revealed macrophage infiltration and desmin-negative staining in a small percentage of myofibers in five and four individuals, respectively. z-Line disruption was evident at varying magnitudes in all subjects and displayed a trend toward a positive correlation ( r = 0.73, P = 0.0663) with the force produced by stimulation. Increased muscle soreness in all subjects, combined with a significant increase in creatine kinase activity ( P < 0.05), is indirectly suggestive of muscle damage, and the novel findings of the present study, i.e., 1) macrophages infiltration, 2) lack of desmin staining, and 3) z-line disruption, provide direct evidence of damage at the myofiber and sarcomere levels. These data support the hypothesis that muscle damage at the level of the sarcomere can be induced without lengthening muscle contractions.

Effects of Acupuncture on Exercise-Induced Muscle Soreness and Serum Creatine Kinase Activity

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 299-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaung-Geng Lin ◽  
Shao-Hui Yang
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Creatine Kinase Activity ◽  
Serum Creatine Kinase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of acupuncture on delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) produced by exercise. Baseline data were collected on 20 male subjects for intensity of muscle soreness and serum creatine kinase (CK) activity. All values were subsequently reassessed 24, 48 and 72 hours after exercise. The experimental group received acupuncture treatment while the control group received no treatment. Muscle soreness perception was significantly less (P < 0.05) at 72 hours in the acupuncture treated group compared to control group. However, the change in CK was not significantly different between groups. These results suggest that acupuncture is effective in decreasing muscle soreness but does not prevent CK release from muscle.

Skeletal muscle collagen content in humans after high-force eccentric contractions

2004 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail L. Mackey ◽  
Alan E. Donnelly ◽  
Taina Turpeenniemi-Hujanen ◽  
Helen P. Roper
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Creatine Kinase Activity ◽  
Serum Creatine Kinase ◽  
Muscle Contractions ◽  
Tissue Inhibitors Of Metalloproteinases ◽  
Eccentric Contractions ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Type Iv

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of high-force eccentric muscle contractions on collagen remodeling and on circulating levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMP) in humans. Nine volunteers [5 men and 4 women, mean age 23 (SD 4) yr] each performed a bout of 100 maximum voluntary eccentric contractions of the knee extensors. Muscle biopsies were taken before exercise and on days 4 and 22 afterward. Image analysis of stained tissue sections was used to quantify endomysial collagen staining intensity. Maximum voluntary contractile isometric force was recorded preexercise and on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 11, and 14 postexercise. Venipuncture blood samples were also drawn on these days for measurement of serum creatine kinase activity and concentrations of MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and the MMP-2/TIMP-2 complex. Maximum voluntary contractile force declined by 39 ± 23% (mean ± SD) on day 2 postexercise and recovered thereafter. Serum creatine kinase activity peaked on day 4 postexercise ( P < 0.01). Collagen type IV staining intensity increased significantly on day 22 postexercise to 126 ± 29% (mean ± SD) of preexercise values ( P < 0.05). Serum MMP-9 levels increased on day 8 postexercise ( P < 0.01), and serum TIMP-1 was also significantly elevated on days 1, 2, 3, 4, and 14 postexercise ( P < 0.05). These results suggest that a single bout of eccentric muscle contractions results in remodeling of endomysial type IV collagen, possibly via the MMP pathway.

Plasma creatine kinase activity and exercise-induced muscle damage in older men

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1028???1034 ◽  
Author(s):  
THOMAS G. MANFREDI ◽  
ROGER A. FIELDING ◽  
KEVIN P. O??REILLY ◽  
CAROL N. MEREDITH ◽  
HO YONG LEE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Creatine Kinase Activity ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Plasma Creatine Kinase ◽  
Plasma Creatine Kinase Activity

Myoglobinemia after burn injury: relationship to creatine kinase activity in serum.

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 857-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Guechot ◽  
N Lioret ◽  
L Cynober ◽  
C Letort ◽  
R Saizy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Biological Markers ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Creatine Kinase Activity ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Thermal Burn ◽  
Burn Depth

Abstract Myoglobin is released into the blood after burn injury. We measured it and other analytes in blood collected from 22 burn patients two to seven times during their recovery. There was a significant correlation between myoglobinemia and creatine kinase (CK) activity in serum (r = 0.764; p less than 0.001). In a group of 14 thermal-burn subjects a correlation was found between burn depth (clinically expressed as Unit Burn Surface) and both myoglobinemia (r = 0.825; p less than 0.01) and CK activity (r = 0.686; p less than 0.01). In eight thermal-burn patients who were recovering satisfactorily, myoglobin and CK activity measured on days 2, 4, 7, 10, and 13 after injury were significantly increased (p less than 0.05) on days 2, 4, and 7. Evidently myoglobinemia and CK activity are good biological markers of burn depth, and reflect muscle damage equally well.

Effect of a prior bout of preconditioning exercise on muscle damage from downhill walking

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumiaki Maeo ◽  
Yusuke Ochi ◽  
Masayoshi Yamamoto ◽  
Hiroaki Kanehisa ◽  
Kazunori Nosaka
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Downhill Walking ◽  
Plasma Creatine Kinase ◽  
Minor Muscle

This study investigated whether reduced-duration downhill walking (DW) would confer a protective effect against muscle damage induced by a subsequent bout of longer duration DW performed 1 week or 4 weeks later. Healthy young adults were allocated to a control or one of the preconditioning exercise (PRE-1wk or PRE-4wk) groups (10 men and 4 women per group). PRE-1wk and PRE-4wk groups performed 20-min DW (–28% slope, 5 km/h, 10% body mass added to a backpack) 1 week and 4 weeks before 40-min DW, respectively, and the control group performed 40-min DW only. Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) knee extension torque, plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity, and muscle soreness (100-mm visual analog scale) were measured before, immediately after, and 24, 48, and 72 h after DW, and the changes in these variables were compared among groups. The control group showed symptoms of muscle damage (e.g., prolonged decrease in MVC: –14% ± 10% at 48 h post-DW) after 40-min DW. Changes in all variables after 40-min DW of PRE-1wk and PRE-4wk groups were 54%–61% smaller (P < 0.05) than the control group, without significant differences between PRE-1wk and PRE-4wk groups for MVC and plasma CK activity. Importantly, changes after the preconditioning exercise (20-min DW) were 67%–69% smaller (P < 0.05) than those after the 40-min DW of the control group. These findings suggest that 20-min DW resulting in minor muscle damage conferred a protective effect against subsequent 40-min DW, and its effect could last for more than 4 weeks.

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