Spatial genetic and clonal structure in Maianthemum dilatatum as defined by AFLP markers

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (9) ◽  
pp. 1126-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy S.G. Wilson ◽  
Bart J. van der Kamp ◽  
Carol Ritland
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Clonal Growth ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Restricted Gene Flow ◽  
Clonal Structure ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Flow Processes ◽  
Low Levels

Amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) were used to investigate the clonal and spatial genetic structure of Maianthemum dilatatum (A. Wood) Nels. & J.F. Macbr. (Convallariaceae), a clonal rhizomatous herb, which can form large patches of continuous cover. Within a subpopulation covering approximately 3 ha, all patches (n = 21) were mapped and sampled. Within these patches, 116 ramets were sampled and assigned to 74 putative genets. Small patches appeared to be single genets while larger patches were genetically heterogeneous and only moderately differentiated (ΦST = 0.291, p = 0.001). Less intense sampling in other populations produced similar results in that single genet populations were not found. Evidence of genet natality was present with the detection of five yearlings within a single season. Spatial autocorrelation measures detected spatial genetic structure attributable to both clonal growth and gene flow processes. It was concluded that within M. dilatatum populations, clonality is a significant factor, but the spatial structuring of genetic variation suggests that both low levels of restricted gene flow and repeated recruitment of genets occur.

Staying close: short local dispersal distances on a managed forest of two Patagonian Nothofagus species

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 652-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgina Sola ◽  
Verónica El Mujtar ◽  
Leonardo Gallo ◽  
Giovanni G Vendramin ◽  
Paula Marchelli
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Restricted Gene Flow ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Gene Dispersal ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Understanding the impact of management on the dispersal potential of forest tree species is pivotal in the context of global change, given the implications of gene flow on species evolution. We aimed to determine the effect of logging on gene flow distances in two Nothofagus species from temperate Patagonian forests having high ecological relevance and wood quality. Therefore, a total of 778 individuals (mature trees and saplings) of Nothofagus alpina and N. obliqua, from a single plot managed 20 years ago (2.85 hectares), were mapped and genotyped at polymorphic nuclear microsatellite loci. Historical estimates of gene dispersal distance (based on fine-scale spatial genetic structure) and contemporary estimates of seed and pollen dispersal (based on spatially explicit mating models) were obtained. The results indicated restricted gene flow (gene distance ≤ 45 m, both pollen and seed), no selfing and significant seed and pollen immigration from trees located outside the studied plot but in the close surrounding area. The size of trees (diameter at breast height and height) was significantly associated with female and/or male fertility. The significant fine-scale spatial genetic structure was consistent with the restricted seed and pollen dispersal. Moreover, both estimates of gene dispersal (historical and contemporary) gave congruent results. This suggests that the recent history of logging within the study area has not significantly influenced on patterns of gene flow, which can be explained by the silviculture applied to the stand. The residual tree density maintained species composition, and the homogeneous spatial distribution of trees allowed the maintenance of gene dispersal. The short dispersal distance estimated for these two species has several implications both for understanding the evolution of the species and for defining management, conservation and restoration actions. Future replication of this study in other Nothofagus Patagonian forests would be helpful to validate our conclusions.

Spatial genetic structure and restricted gene flow in bed bugs (Cimex lectularius) populations in France

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 236-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Akhoundi ◽  
Pierre Kengne ◽  
Arnaud Cannet ◽  
Cécile Brengues ◽  
Jean-Michel Berenger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Cimex Lectularius ◽  
Restricted Gene Flow ◽  
Bed Bugs

scholarly journals Deforestation is the turning point for the spreading of a weedy epiphyte: an IBM approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleber Juliano Neves Chaves ◽  
Bárbara Simões Santos Leal ◽  
Davi Rodrigo Rossatto ◽  
Uta Berger ◽  
Clarisse Palma-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Clonal Growth ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Genetic Structure Of Populations ◽  
Spreading Dynamics ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Abrupt Changes ◽  
Self Fertilization

AbstractThe rapid spread of many weeds into intensely disturbed landscapes is boosted by clonal growth and self-fertilization strategies, which conversely increases the genetic structure of populations. Here, we use empirical and modeling approaches to evaluate the spreading dynamics of Tillandsia recurvata (L.) L. populations, a common epiphytic weed with self-reproduction and clonal growth widespread in dry forests and deforested landscapes in the American continent. We introduce the TRec model, an individual-based approach to simulate the spreading of T. recurvata over time and across landscapes subjected to abrupt changes in tree density with the parameters adjusted according to the empirical genetic data based on microsatellites genotypes. Simulations with this model showed that the strong spatial genetic structure observed from empirical data in T. recurvata can be explained by a rapid increase in abundance and gene flow followed by stabilization after ca. 25 years. TRec model’s results also indicate that deforestation is a turning point for the rapid increase in both individual abundance and gene flow among T. recurvata subpopulations occurring in formerly dense forests. Active reforestation can, in turn, reverse such a scenario, although with a milder intensity. The genetic-based study suggests that anthropogenic changes in landscapes may strongly affect the population dynamics of species with ‘weedy’ traits.

Spatial genetic structure in four Pinus species in the Sierra Madre Occidental, Durango, Mexico

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Hernández-Velasco ◽  
José Ciro Hernández-Díaz ◽  
Matthias Fladung ◽  
Álvaro Cañadas-López ◽  
José Ángel Prieto-Ruíz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Wind Pollination ◽  
High Wind ◽  
Sierra Madre Occidental ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Sierra Madre

In this study, we examined the spatial genetic structure (SGS) in extensively managed, but naturally regenerated forest stands of Pinus cembroides Zucc., Pinus discolor Bailey et Hawksworth, Pinus durangensis Martínez, and Pinus teocote Schiede ex Schltdl. & Cham. at local (within the stands) and large (among the stands) scales using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP), with respect to conservation and sustainable management of genetic resources of these species. Because these four pine species grow in different landscape structures, we expected to find differences in their SGS, although all of them are widely spread, wind pollinated, and often occur at high population densities. At the local scale, there was no evidence of significant SGS in the four species under study (except in 1 out of 18 seed stands), suggesting that the genetic variants of these species are almost always randomly distributed in space, probably due to high wind pollination and seed dispersal. At a larger scale, the significant SGS found may be the result of isolation by distance among populations. We recommend (i) establishing a tight network of seed stands, with a maximum distance of 3–11 km between seed stands, to prevent greater loss of local genetic structure, and (ii) using these seeds to establish reforestations within a maximal radius of 3–5 km from seed provenances.

scholarly journals Low levels of realized seed and pollen gene flow and strong spatial genetic structure in a small, isolated and fragmented population of the tropical tree Copaifera langsdorffii Desf

Heredity ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M Sebbenn ◽  
A C M Carvalho ◽  
M L M Freitas ◽  
S M B Moraes ◽  
A P S C Gaino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Tropical Tree ◽  
Copaifera Langsdorffii ◽  
Fragmented Population ◽  
Low Levels

Spatial genetic structure and restricted gene flow in a functionally dioecious fig, Ficus pumila L. var. pumila (Moraceae)

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Wang ◽  
Bin Ai ◽  
Bang-Quan Gao ◽  
Shuo Yu ◽  
Yuan-Yuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Restricted Gene Flow

Spatial genetic structure in wild cardoon, the ancestor of cultivated globe artichoke: Limited gene flow, fragmentation and population history

Plant Science ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 253 ◽  
pp. 194-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Rau ◽  
M. Rodriguez ◽  
E. Rapposelli ◽  
M.L. Murgia ◽  
R. Papa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Population History ◽  
Globe Artichoke ◽  
Limited Gene Flow ◽  
Wild Cardoon

Fine-scale spatial genetic structure and within population male-biased gene-flow in the grasshopper Mioscirtus wagneri

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1127-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquín Ortego ◽  
Maria Pilar Aguirre ◽  
Pedro J. Cordero
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Fine Scale

Population genetic structure in duckweed (Lemna minor, Lemnaceae)

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher T. Cole ◽  
Martin I. Voskuil
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Vegetative Reproduction ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Low Levels

Allozyme variation in 11 Minnesota populations of Lemna minor L. was studied, using 11 enzyme systems, resolving 16 putative loci from 285 plants. Significant deviations from Hardy–Weinberg frequencies occurred in several populations that had excesses of heterozygotes at several loci. While genotypic diversity and evenness measures are similar to other vegetatively reproducing plants (D = 0.541, E = 0.607), very few multilocus genotypes per population were found (mean = 4.0). Substantial population structure was evident (FST = 0.407), apparently reflecting low levels of gene flow (Nm = 0.30) despite the capacity of this species for dispersal of plantlets. This low level of gene flow and apparent low frequency of sexual reproduction has produced substantial levels of genetic divergence among populations, despite an absence of morphological differentiation. Keywords: allozymes, genetic structure, hydrophily, Lemna, vegetative dispersal, vegetative reproduction.

Using AFLP markers to inform population management of the endemic Chatham Island toetoe, Austroderia turbaria (Poaceae).

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary J Houliston ◽  
Murray I Dawson ◽  
Peter J De Lange ◽  
Peter B Heenan
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Population Genetic Analysis ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Low Levels

Austroderia turbaria Connor is a threatened grass endemic to the Chatham Islands. Although formerly more widespread, remaining natural populations consist of highly fragmented remnants and/or individuals. Population genetic analysis of seed-raised progeny from six of the extant natural populations on Chatham and Pitt islands, using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) and microsatellite markers, shows that there are very low levels of variation (expected estimated heterozygosity He 0.023–0.030, no. of effective alleles Na 1.039–1.053), and no significant differentiation within or between populations on the two islands. Flow cytometric analysis of endosperm to embryo ratios suggests a sexual breeding system. This lack of population variation and no discernable differences between the two islands suggest that management practices such as the establishment of new populations can be carried out irrespective of the location of source material. One caveat to this is the possibility of Fusarium wilt occurring on the islands, in which case measures should be taken to best prevent spread across the range of the species.

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