Glomus achrumandG. bistratum,two new species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota) found in maritime sand dunes

Botany ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Błaszkowski ◽  
Przemysław Ryszka ◽  
Fritz Oehl ◽  
Sally Koegel ◽  
Andres Wiemken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Ammophila Arenaria ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular

Two new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species, Glomus achrum sp. nov. and Glomus bistratum sp. nov. (Glomeromycota), are described and illustrated. Both species produce small, hyaline spores in aggregates formed in the soil and inside roots. Glomus achrum was associated with roots of Ammophila arenaria (L.) Link colonizing maritime dunes of the Vistula Bar in northern Poland, and G. bistratum occurred among vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza of Xanthium cf. spinosum growing in dunes of the Mediterranean Sea adjacent to Veriko, Greece. Spores of G. achrum are globose to subglobose, (25–)43(–55) µm in diameter, rarely egg-shaped, oblong to irregular, 15–45 µm × 55–65 µm. Their wall consists of three hyaline layers: a mucilaginous, short-lived outermost layer; a laminate middle layer composed of loose sublayers; and a flexible innermost layer. The outermost and the innermost layers stain deeply red in Melzer’s reagent. Spores of G. bistratum are globose to subglobose, (20–)29(–50) µm in diameter, and have a wall composed of two permanent, hyaline layers. The outer layer is unit, smooth, and the inner one laminate. Only the inner layer stains yellow in Melzer’s reagent. Both species formed vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza in single-species cultures with Plantago lanceolata  L. as the host plant. Phylogenetic analyses of partial 18S rDNA subunit and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequences placed G. achrum and G. bistratum into Glomus group A, but did not reveal any closely related described species. Environmental sequences from the public databases suggested that G. achrum occurred in at least two other plant species from geographically distant regions. No such evidence could be obtained for G. bistratum, which is currently known only from the type location.

scholarly journals The occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of the phylum Glomeromycota in Israeli soils

2011 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Błaszkowski ◽  
Beata Czerniawska
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Continuous Cultivation ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Ammophila Arenaria ◽  
Plant Host

In December 1997 and June-July 2000, 49 and 113 rhizosphere soil and root mixtures were collected, respectively, to determine the occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) of the phylum Glomeromycota in different sites of Israel. Except for five samples taken from under cultivated plants, all the others came from under <em>Ammophila arenaria</em> and <em>Oenothera drummondii</em> colonizing sand dunes adjacent to the Mediterranean Sea. After a continuous cultivation of the mixtures in pot trap cultures with <em>Plantago lanceolata</em> as the plant host up to 2006 and their examination at least twice a year, spores of AMF were found in 41 and 103 cultures with the 1997 and 2000 soil and root mixtures, respectively. The spores represented 30 species and 8 undescribed morphotypes in 7 genera of the <em>Glomeromycota</em>. The AMF most frequently found in Israeli soils were <em>Glomus aurantium</em> and <em>G. constrictum</em>, followed by <em>G. coronatum</em>, <em>G. gibbosum</em>, an undescribed <em>Glomus</em> 178, and <em>Scutellospora dipurpurescens</em>. Up to 2001, 21 species of AMF were known to occur in Israel, and this paper increases this number to 33, of which 11 are new fungi for this country. Moreover, four species, <em>G. aurantium</em>, <em>G. drummondii</em>, <em>G. walkeri</em> and <em>G. xanthium</em>, were recently described as new for science based on spores isolated from Israeli soils. Additionally, the general distribution in the world of the formally described species found in Israel was presented.

Diversispora valentina (Diversisporaceae), a new species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from the Mediterranean sand dunes of Spain

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 468 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-74
Author(s):  
ALBERTO GUILLÉN ◽  
FERNANDO JAVIER SERRANO-TAMAY ◽  
JUAN BAUTISTA PERIS ◽  
ISABEL ARRILLAGA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Mediterranean Coast ◽  
Ammophila Arenaria ◽  
The Mediterranean

A new arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal species, Diversispora valentina, is described and illustrated. In the field, this species is associated with marine dunes located along the Mediterranean coast in eastern Spain. Spores of D. valentina occurred in sporocarps, in clusters, and singly in the soil or inside the roots of Ammophila arenaria (Poaceae), Elymus farctus (Poaceae), Otanthus maritimus (Asteraceae), and Echinophora spinosa (Apiaceae) in the six locations studied. A single-species culture of D. valentina was obtained using Trifolium repens as a host plant. The small subunit internal transcribed spacer and large subunit (SSU-ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-LSU) nrDNA sequences place the new species in the genus Diversispora and suggest that it differs from any previously described species. The novelty of this species is supported by morphological, molecular, and phylogenetic analyses.

scholarly journals Effect of Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Glomus fasiculatum on the Growth and Physiological Response in Sesamum indicum L.

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 47-62
Author(s):  
J. Philip Robinson ◽  
K. Nithya ◽  
R. Ramya ◽  
B. Karthikbalan ◽  
K. Kripa
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Mycorrhizal Plants

Plant growth and physiological response of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) were studied in controlled environment using normal soil and indigenous Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) fungi treated soil. The seedlings of Zea mays were inoculated with Giguspora species of VAM (Glomus fasiculatum) and the inoculum was multiplied with help of Zeamays seed bed. Sesame seeds were then inoculated into the bed and it was found that the plant height, shoots lengths, roots, biomass of shoot and roots were considerably increased in the mycorrhizal plants. The effect of VAM infection was assessed in pot experiment. In this comparative study, specific mycorrhizal fungi had consistent effects on various growth parameters such as the number of leaves, number of roots, shoot length, biomass of shoot and roots and biochemical parameters were observed at various time intervals by statistical analysis using two way ANOVA, it was confined with mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal infected plants. It was found that the ability of isolates to maintain the plant growth effectively in the case of mycorrhizal seedlings shows a maximum absorbtion of 0.77 ±0.2, shoot length is about 8.34 ±0.2, count of root and leaves are about 8.10 ±0.3, 5.6 ±0.3 respectively under mycorrhizal infection in 30days of analysis and had a positive effect on the growth at all intervals. Biochemical analysis were carried out to estimate the total chlorophyll, chrophyll A, chlorophyll B and Carotenoids contents and it was analyzed to be 9 ±0.5 mg/g, 8.3 ±0.5 mg/g, 3.6 ±0.5 mg/g, 4 ±0.3 mg/g respectively. At the 30th day of analysis for the mycorrhizal plants, it was found to be high in mycorrhizal seedlings which shows the symbiosis had improved the nutrient uptake of cultivated plants. Nevertheless G. fasiculatum was found to be the most efficient fungus and exhibited the highest levels of mycorrhizal colonization, as well as the greatest stimulation of physiological parameters.

scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota) associated with roots of Ammophila arenaria growing in maritime dunes of Bornholm (Denmark)

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Błaszkowski ◽  
Beata Czerniawska
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Ammophila Arenaria ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Pot Culture

155 rhizosphere soil and root mixtures were collected from under <em>Ammophila arenaria </em>colonizing maritime dunes of the island Bornholm (Denmark) to determine arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) of the phylum Glomeromycota co-existing with this plant. In the laboratory, each mixture was divided into two parts. One part was used to establish a pot culture with <em>Plantago lanceolata</em> as the host plant to initiate sporulation of fungi that had not produced spores in field conditions. In the second part, the numerical and species composition of the spore populations of AMF sporulating in the field was determined. Spores of AMF were found in 70 field-collected samples and 134 trap cultures. They represented 26 species and six undescribed morphotypes in six genera of the Glomeromycota. Of them, 20 species and three morphotypes in five genera occurred in the field, and 16 species and three morphotypes in five genera were found in trap cultures. The fungi most frequently revealed were members of the genus <em>Glomus</em>; a total of 17 species and six morphotypes of this genus were recognized. Considering the occurrence of spores in both field samples and trap cultures, the fungi most frequently co-occurring with roots of <em>A. arenaria </em>growing in the dunes of Bornholm were <em>G. irregulare </em>(present in 73.6% of samples), followed by <em>Scutellospora dipurpurescens </em>(19.4%) and <em>Archaeospora trappei </em>(10.3%). However, <em>Glomus irregulare </em>mainly sporulated in trap cultures; spores of this fungus were found in only 0.6% of field samples. Other relatively frequently found species were <em>G. aggregatum </em>(9.0%), <em>G. eburneum </em>(7.1%), <em>Paraglomus laccatum </em>(5.2%), and <em>S. armeniaca </em>(6.5%). The species most abundantly sporulating in the field were <em>G. aggregatum </em>(produced 28.36% of all spores isolated), <em>G. badium</em> (11.00%), and <em>S. dipurpurescens </em>(21.55%).

scholarly journals Dominikia emiratia and Rhizoglomus dunense, two new species in the Glomeromycota

Botany ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. 629-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed N. Al-Yahya’ei ◽  
Sangeeta Kutty Mullath ◽  
Laila A. AlDhaheri ◽  
Anna Kozłowska ◽  
Janusz Błaszkowski
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Spore Wall ◽  
Wall Layer ◽  
Ammophila Arenaria ◽  
Rpb1 Gene ◽  
Two New Species

The morphological, histochemical, and molecular properties of two new species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF; Glomeromycota) have been characterized. The first species is distinguished by spores that are orange to brownish orange, small, and formed only in clusters and mainly by having two laminate layers in a three-layered spore wall, with layer three staining dark in Melzer’s reagent. Despite the morphological similarity to some Septoglomus spp., phylogenetic analyses of sequences of the SSU–ITS–LSU nrDNA region and the RPB1 gene accommodated the fungus in the genus Dominikia, hence it was named Dominika emiratia. Intact spores of the second species, named Rhizoglomus dunense, closely resemble colourless isolates of R. clarum, but their spore wall layer three never becomes coloured with age, as does that in most R. clarum spores, and most importantly, the two fungi are separated by a large molecular distance. Dominikia emiratia was originally extracted from the rhizosphere of three plant species cultivated in two fields in a sandy desert in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi of the United Arab Emirates. Rhizoglomus dunense was found in a trap culture inoculated with the rhizosphere soil and root fragments of Ammophila arenaria, which had colonized sand dunes of the Mediterranean Sea, located near Thessalonica, Greece.

Occurrence of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Alberta, Canada

1993 ◽  
Vol 48 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 923-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Boyetchko ◽  
J. P. Tewari
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Glomus Aggregatum ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Spore Walls ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Three V A mycorrhizal fungal species were isolated from soils in Alberta, Canada and examined by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. Mature spores of Glomus aggregatum developed an outer hyaline wall which contained lower levels of calcium than the middle wall. Examination of G. pansihalos spores revealed a lower level of calcium in the outer evanescent wall as compared to the ornamented wall. When spores of Entrophospora infrequens were examined, the wall of the vesicle was found to contain similar levels of calcium as the ornamented wall of the spore. The significance of the results concerning the presence of calcium in mycorrhizal spore walls is discussed, as is the occurrence of the mycorrhizal species.

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