Interspecific covariation between stomatal density and other functional leaf traits in a local flora

Botany ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessy Loranger ◽  
Bill Shipley
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Functional Ecology ◽  
Leaf Trait ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Sun And Shade Leaves ◽  
Angiosperm Species ◽  
Sun And Shade ◽  
Shade Leaves

Despite the importance of stomata in leaf functioning, and despite the recent interest in interspecific leaf trait covariation in functional ecology, little is known about how stomatal density relates to other leaf traits in a broad interspecific context. This is especially important because stomatal density has been widely used to deduce temporal variation in atmospheric CO2 concentrations [CO2atm] from fossilized or herbarium leaves. We therefore measured stomatal density, specific leaf area (SLA) and its components, leaf thickness, and leaf chlorophyll content in both sun and shade leaves of 169 individuals from 52 angiosperm species in southwestern Quebec. Using mixed models, we show that stomatal density decreases allometrically with increasing SLA and chlorophyll content, and increases allometrically with increasing lamina thickness. The sun–shade contrast changes the intercepts, but not the slopes, of these relationships. It is important to take into consideration these relations when correlating stomatal density with [CO2], to avoid spurious interpretations.

Influence of CO2 and SO2 on Growth and Structure of Photosystem II of the Chinese Tung-Oil Tree Aleurites montana

1996 ◽  
Vol 51 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 441-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. He ◽  
A. Radunz ◽  
K. P. Bader ◽  
G. H. Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Soluble Proteins ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Light Harvesting Complex ◽  
Sun And Shade Leaves ◽  
Sun And Shade ◽  
Shade Leaves ◽  
Sun Leaves

Three months old plants of the Chinese tung-oil tree Aleurites montana were cultivated for 4 months in air containing an increased amount of 700 ppm CO2. During the exposure to 700 ppm CO2 the plants exhibited a considerably stronger growth (30-40% ) in comparison to the control plants (grown in normal air). In these CO2-plants during the entire analyzing period the amount of soluble proteins, of soluble sugars and the chlorophyll content were lower than in control plants. The protein content, referred to leaf area, increased during this time in both plant types by approx. 50% but with a different time course. The increase is faster in CO2-plants compared to control plants, and ends up with similar values in both plants after 4 months. No difference is seen between sun and shade leaves. The chlorophyll content in both sun and shade leaves is 20% lower in CO2-plants. Whereas the chlorophyll content in sun leaves stays constant during developm ent, it has increased in shade leaves by 20% at the end of the 4 months period. The content of soluble sugars is lower in CO2-plants compared to control plants. The difference is bigger in sun leaves than in shade leaves. The ribulose 1.5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase content almost doubles within the experimentation period, but seems to be subject to large variations. CO2-plants contain in general less ribulose 1.5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase than control plants. The content of coupling factor of photophosphorylation is 20% lower in CO2-plants when compared to control plants and remains during development more constant in CO2-plants. The molecular structure of the photosystem II-complex undergoes under the influence of the increased CO2-content a quantitative modification. The light harvesting complex (LHCP) and the extrinsic peptide with the molecular mass of 33 kDa increase in CO2-plants. Gassing with SO2 (0.3 ppm in air) leads to a strong damage of the plants. The damaging influence is already seen after 6 days and leads to a partial leaf-shedding of the tree. In the visually still intact remaining leaves the chlorophyll content referred to unit leaf area decreases by 63%, that of soluble sugars by 65%, the content of soluble proteins and that of Rubisco decrease by 26% and 36% respectively. The light harvesting complex and the chlorophyll- binding peptides (43 and 47 kDa) increase whereas the extrinsic peptides decrease. It looks as if the simultaneous application of SO2 (0.3 ppm) and increased CO2 (700 ppm) releaves the damaging effect of SO2. Plant growth does not exhibit a difference in comparison to control plants. Soluble proteins and chlorophyll increase by 27% and 33% and the ribulose 1.5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase content as well as that of soluble sugars increases by 18 respectively 14%. The peptide composition of photosystem II shows a quantitative modification. The LHCP increases and the chlorophyll-binding peptides and the peptides with a molecular mass smaller than 24 kDa are reduced. The quantity of extrinsic peptides appears unchanged. Ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and the CF1-complex of Aleurites are immunochemically only partially identical to the corresponding enzymes of Nicotiana tabacum as demonstrated by tandem-cross-immune electrophoresis.

scholarly journals Effect of Light on the Photosynthesis, Pigment Content and Stomatal Density of Sun and Shade Leaves of Vernonia Amygdalina

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.30) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisha Idris ◽  
Alona C. Linatoc ◽  
Aisha M. Aliyu ◽  
Surayya M. Muhammad ◽  
Mohd Fadzelly Bin Abu Bakar
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Sun And Shade Leaves ◽  
Sun And Shade ◽  
Shade Leaves ◽  
Sun Leaves ◽  
Effect Of Light

Light affects the growth and development of plants by influencing the physical appearance of one leaf as well as the appearance of the whole plant. Plant photosynthesis, stomata density, and pigment contents are all influenced by light The objective of this research is to determine the effect of light on the photosynthesis, pigment content and stomatal density of Sun and Shade Leaves of Vernonia amygdalina. Gas exchange was measured using Li-6400 and the data obtained was used to create a light response curve where parameters including light saturation point (LSP), light compensation point (LCP) and apparent quantum yield were estimated. Photosynthetic pigment were quantified spectrophotometrically.  Moreover, the stomatal density was counted under light microscope, after making a nail polish impression of the leaf. The results discovered shows that as the light intensity increases, the gas exchange and stomatal density increases while the photosynthetic pigment of the studied plant decreases (P<0.05). In addition, LSP and LCP increases with increasing light intensity. Besides, statistically significant negative correlation (P<0.05) was achieved among stomatal density and transpiration rate thereby leading to a conclusion that sun leaves of Vernonia amygdalina contribute the highest assimilation rate to the plant than shade leaves. Yet, the higher stomatal density of sun leaves provides water saving to the plant.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic induction and activity of enzymes related to carbon metabolism: insights into the varying net photosynthesis rates of coffee sun and shade leaves

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Cordeiro Vitor Martins ◽  
Kelly Coutinho Detmann ◽  
Josimar Vieira dos Reis ◽  
Lucas Felisberto Pereira ◽  
Lílian Maria Vincis Pereira Sanglard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Photosynthetic Induction ◽  
Sun And Shade Leaves ◽  
Activity Of Enzymes ◽  
Sun And Shade ◽  
Shade Leaves

scholarly journals Effects of microhabitat on leaf traits in Digitalis grandiflora L. (Veronicaceae) growing at forest edge and interior

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 615-627
Author(s):  
J. Kołodziejek
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Leaf Mass Per Area ◽  
Forest Interior ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Shade Leaves

The morphological, anatomical and biochemical traits of the leaves of yellow foxglove (Digitalis grandiflora Mill.) from two microhabitats, forest interior (full shade under oak canopy) and forest edge (half shade near shrubs), were studied. The microhabitats differed in the mean levels of available light, but did not differ in soil moisture. The mean level of light in the forest edge microhabitat was significantly higher than in the forest interior. Multivariate ANOVA was used to test the effects of microhabitat. Comparison of the available light with soil moisture revealed that both factors significantly influenced the morphological and anatomical variables of D. grandiflora. Leaf area, mass, leaf mass per area (LMA), surface area per unit dry mass (SLA), density and thickness varied greatly between leaves exposed to different light regimes. Leaves that developed in the shade were larger and thinner and had a greater SLA than those that developed in the half shade. In contrast, at higher light irradiances, at the forest edge, leaves tended to be thicker, with higher LMA and density. Stomatal density was higher in the half-shade leaves than in the full-shade ones. LMA was correlated with leaf area and mass and to a lesser extent with thickness and density in the forest edge microsite. The considerable variations in leaf density and thickness recorded here confirm the very high variation in cell size and amounts of structural tissue within species. The leaf plasticity index (PI) was the highest for the morphological leaf traits as compared to the anatomical and biochemical ones. The nitrogen content was higher in the ?half-shade leaves? than in the ?shade leaves?. Denser leaves corresponded to lower nitrogen (N) contents. The leaves of plants from the forest edge had more potassium (K) than leaves of plants from the forest interior on an area basis but not on a dry mass basis; the reverse was true for phosphorus.

scholarly journals Morphological and anatomical aspects of the leaves of Rhizophora mangle L. (Rhizophoraceae) under different lighting conditions / Aspectos morfológicos e anatômicos das folhas de Rhizophora mangle L. (Rhizophoraceae) sob diferentes condições de luz

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Camilla Reis Augusto da Silva ◽  
Marcelo Dos Santos Silva ◽  
Léa Maria Dos Santos Lopes Ferreira ◽  
Kelly Regina Batista Leite ◽  
Lazaro Benedito da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Rhizophora Mangle ◽  
Palisade Parenchyma ◽  
Abaxial Epidermis ◽  
Lighting Conditions ◽  
Ocular Micrometer ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sun And Shade ◽  
Shade Leaves ◽  
Sun Leaves

The basis of differentiation between sun and shade leaves is related to different light intensities. In order to understand the adaptability of the leaves of Rhizophora mangle L., associated with different lighting conditions, leaves were collected from the upper peripheral six individuals (sun leaves) and the lower region of the same internal (shade leaves). The variables analyzed leaf thickness, palisade parenchyma, adaxial and abaxial epidermis, adaxial and abaxial cuticle, stomatal density and index. Measurements were made ??on microscope equipped with ocular micrometer. Sun leaves were lower and with more xeromorphic characteristics, such as increased thickness of the cuticle and the adaxial and abaxial epidermis. The palisade parenchyma and limbus showed up thicker than shade leaves, with no significant difference between the cuticle of the abaxial surface. It was also observed a higher frequency of stomata per mm², an average of 70/mm², while shade leaves showed 47/mm², with no differences between length and width. Differences between the sun leaves and shade leaves indicate adaptive capacity of this species to remain active at different light conditions.

Photochemical responses to light in sun and shade leaves of Theobroma cacao L. (West African Amelonado)

2021 ◽  
Vol 276 ◽  
pp. 109747
Author(s):  
Adrian M. Lennon ◽  
Vernessa R. Lewis ◽  
Aidan D. Farrell ◽  
Pathmanathan Umaharan
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
West African ◽  
Sun And Shade Leaves ◽  
Sun And Shade ◽  
Shade Leaves ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

EFFECTS OF EXPOSURE TO DIRECT SUNLIGHT UPON THE DEVELOPMENT OF LEAF STRUCTURE OF TWO DECIDUOUS SHRUB SPECIES

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 537-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. H. Cormack ◽  
Anne L. Gorham
Keyword(s):  
Ground Cover ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Shrub Species ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
Previous Season ◽  
Sun And Shade Leaves ◽  
Deep Shade ◽  
Sun And Shade ◽  
Palisade Cells ◽  
Shade Leaves

The present anatomical study of sun and shade leaves of two shrub species Menziesia glabella and Lonicera glaucescens is an outgrowth of interest in the response of ground cover plants to increased sunlight as the result of logging operations. Leaves of both shrub species developed on plants fully exposed to the sun are smaller, thicker, more compact, with longer palisade cells, less spongy mesophyll, and thicker cuticle than comparable leaves from plants growing normally in deep shade. Evidence is given for the views that (1) differences in leaf expression are not predetermined by the environment of the bud during its formation the previous season, and (2) structural modifications that result when typical shade buds are suddenly exposed to full sunlight are merely an indication of the plasticity of leaves to light.

Distribution of magnesium between chlorophyll and other photosynthetic functions in magnesium deficient “sun”; and “shade”; leaves of poplar

1985 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1089-1101 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Dorenstouter ◽  
G.A. Pieters ◽  
G.R. Findenegg
Keyword(s):  
Sun And Shade Leaves ◽  
Sun And Shade ◽  
Shade Leaves

scholarly journals Sun and shade leaves of Olea europaea respond differently to plant size, light availability and genetic variation

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 802-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael R. de Casas ◽  
Pablo Vargas ◽  
Esther Pérez-Corona ◽  
Esteban Manrique ◽  
Carlos García-Verdugo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Olea Europaea ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Sun And Shade Leaves ◽  
Sun And Shade ◽  
Shade Leaves ◽  
Olea Europaéa
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