Amino acids in inner bark of loblolly pine, as affected by the southern pine beetle and associated microorganisms

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1467-1472 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Hodges ◽  
Stanley J. Barras ◽  
Joe K. Mauldin
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Total N ◽  
Inner Bark ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Qualitative Changes

Infection with two beetle-associated fungi and the beetle-microorganism complex resulted in no qualitative changes in free amino acids and minor changes in protein-bound amino acids. Concentration of most free amino acids and soluble N was decreased, however, and that of most protein-bound amino acids, insoluble N, and total N was increased.

LIGHTNING IN THE ECOLOGY OF THE SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE, DENDROCTONUS FRONTALIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1971 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Hodges ◽  
L. S. Pickard
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Lightning Strikes ◽  
Inner Bark ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Carbohydrate Levels

AbstractLoblolly pine trees struck by lightning offer a favorable attack and brood environment for the southern pine and Ips beetles. In central Louisiana lightning strikes reduced oleoresin exudation pressure, oleoresin flow, and relative water content of inner-bark tissue and resulted in a decrease in sucrose and an increase in reducing-sugar content of inner bark. Interspecific competition was much greater in struck trees than nonstruck trees. Among struck trees, those with highest carbohydrate levels produced the most numerous broods of the southern pine beetle.

Radial Growth Characteristics and Stand Density of Loblolly Pine in Relation to the Occurrence of the Southern Pine Beetle 1

1974 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert N. Coulson ◽  
Fred P. Hain ◽  
Thomas L. Payne
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle

scholarly journals Quantitative intestinal digestion of nitrogen in sheep given formaldehyde-treated and untreated casein supplements

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Macrae ◽  
M. J. Ulyatt ◽  
P. D. Pearce ◽  
Jane Hendtlass
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total N ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Intestinal Digestion ◽  
Gross Energy

1. In two experiments, sheep prepared with a rumen cannula and with re-entrant cannulas in the duodenum and ileum were continuously fed on diets of dried grass, dried grass plus formalin-treated casein, or dried grass plus untreated casein. Paper impregnated with chromic oxide was given once daily via the rumen fistula.2. In ten 24 h collections of digesta entering the duodenum and eleven 24 h collections of digesta reaching the ileum of sheep given dried grass, there were highly significant correlations between the 24 h flows of Cr marker and the corresponding flows of dry matter, organic matter, nitrogen, gross energy, hemicellulose and cellulose (P < 0.01) at both sites.3. Daily amounts of non-ammonia N and of individual amino acids entering and leaving the small intestine and of total N excreted in faeces and urine are given.4. Net retention of supplementary N was 36% when the supplement was administered as formalin-treated casein, but only 17% when it was administered as untreated casein.5. Formalin treatment of casein significantly increased the daily amounts of non-ammonia N entering the small intestine (P < 0.01) and the amounts of non-ammonia N apparently absorbed therein (P < 0.05).6. Apparent absorption of amino acids from the small intestine was significantly greater (P < 0.05) with treated casein than with untreated casein. There were relative increases in the small amounts of several free amino acids measured, including taurine, in the ileal digesta of sheep receiving the treated casein supplement.

CARBOHYDRATES OF INNER BARK OF PINUS TAEDA AS AFFECTED BY DENDROCTONUS FRONTALIS AND ASSOCIATED MICROORGANISMS

1969 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 489-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley J. Barras ◽  
John D. Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Inner Bark ◽  
Pine Beetle

AbstractGlucose, fructose, and sucrose were the only sugars detected in inner bark treated with a southern pine beetle–microorganism complex and two beetle-associated fungi. Treatments drastically lowered the reducing-sugar level. Storage of untreated bolts had no effect on reducing-sugar level; sucrose was lowered but not as much as in treated tissue. Starch content remained unchanged in all treatments.

Loblolly Pine Seed Sources Differ in Susceptibility to the Southern Pine Beetle in South Carolina

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Powers ◽  
R. P. Belanger ◽  
W. D. Pepper ◽  
F. L. Hastings
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Fusiform Rust ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Stand Characteristics

Abstract In a planting near Aiken, SC, loblolly pine saplings from an eastern seed source were significantly more susceptible to the southern pine beetle (SPB) than were loblolly saplings from western seed sources. Two eastern sources of slash pine also resisted beetle attack. Study plots wereoriginally established to evaluate disease resistance and growth of fusiform rust resistant and susceptible seed lots. There was no relationship between stand characteristics or rust infection patterns and SPB damage. South. J. Appl. For. 16(4):169-174

Marking the Southern Pine Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) with Rubidium within Loblolly Pine for Dispersal Studies

1992 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1377-1385 ◽  
Author(s):  
William T. Thoeny ◽  
Allan E. Tiarks ◽  
Jane Leslie Hayes ◽  
J. Robert Bridges
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle

Four parameters of the wound response of loblolly and shortleaf pines to inoculation with the blue-staining fungus associated with the southern pine beetle

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 2403-2409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen P. Cook ◽  
Fred P. Hain
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Wound Response ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Lesion Length ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Resin Flow ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Inner Bark ◽  
Pine Beetle

The wound response of loblolly, Pinus taeda L., and shortleaf, P. echinata Mill., pine was examined for 14 days following wounding and inoculation of the trees with Ceratocystis minor (Hedgecock) Hunt, a fungal associate of the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann. Lesion length increased at a constant rate during June, while during July there was an initially rapid lesion formation followed by a leveling off for both tree species. Lesion enlargement occurred faster from days 2 through 7 in July for both species, and at the end of the 14-day study periods, the loblolly pines had a longer average lesion length than did the shortleaf pines during both months. During June, there was an initial increase in resin flow rate followed by a decrease in resin flow rate for several days and then an increased resin flow rate to levels similar to or above the rate measured prior to wounding. During July, the initial increase in resin flow rate following inoculation was not observed. Average soluble-sugar content decreased and monoterpene concentration increased in the lesion inner bark tissue. Inner bark monoterpene composition also changed, with the percentage of α-pinene increasing or remaining unchanged in loblolly pine and decreasing in the shortleaf pine. The observed differences in tree response to fungal invasion may be important in determining if an individual can repel or impede invasion by D. frontalis at different times during the summer.

THE FEEDING POTENTIAL OF CORTICEUS GLABER AND CORTICEUS PARALLELUS (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE), FACULTATIVE PREDATORS OF THE SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE, DENDROCTONUS FRONTALIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1981 ◽  
Vol 113 (9) ◽  
pp. 807-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Goyer ◽  
Michael T. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Feeding Potential ◽  
Ceratocystis Minor ◽  
Coleoptera Tenebrionidae

AbstractUnder laboratory conditions, Corticeus glaber (LeConte) and C. parallelus (Melsheimer) adults were facultative predators of southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, eggs and first and second instar larvae. Southern pine beetle frass and blue stain fungus, Ceratocystis minor (Hedgecock) Hunt were also suitable for survival for both species of Corticeus. Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) phloem was not utilized as a food source by either species. Corticeus spp. larvae were predators of D. frontalis eggs.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Storage and Its Interaction with Carbohydrates of Young Almond Trees in Response to Nitrogen Supply

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 796C-796
Author(s):  
Guihong Bi* ◽  
Carolyn Scagel ◽  
Lailiang Cheng ◽  
Leslie Fuchigami
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Supply ◽  
N Assimilation ◽  
Predominant Amino Acid ◽  
Total Amino Acids

June-budded `Nonpareil/Nemaguard' almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill) D.A. Webb) trees were fertigated with one of five nitrogen (N) concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15, or 20 mm) in a modified Hoagland's solution from July to September. In October, the trees were sprayed twice with either water or 3% urea, then harvested after natural leaf fall and stored at 2°C. Trees were destructively sampled during winter storage to determine their concentrations of amino acids, protein, and non-structural carbohydrates (TNC). Increasing N supply either via N fertigation during the growing season or with foliar urea applications in the fall increased the concentrations of both free and total amino acids, whereas decreased their C/N ratios. Moreover, as the N supply increased, the proportion of nitrogen stored as free amino acids also increased. However, protein was still the main form of N used for storage. The predominant amino acid in both the free and total amino-acid pools was arginine. Arginin N accounted for an increasing proportion of the total N in both the free and total amino acids as the N supply was increased. However, the proportion of arginine N was higher in the free amino acids than in the total amino acids. A negative relationship was found between total amino acid and non-structural carbohydrate concentrations, suggesting that TNC is increasingly used for N assimilation as the supply of N increases. Urea applications decreased the concentrations of glucose, fructose, and sucrose, but had little influence on concentrations of sorbitol and starch. We conclude that protein is the primary form of storage N, and that arginine is the predominant amino acid. Furthermore, the synthesis of amino acids and proteins comes at the expense of non-structural carbohydrates.

scholarly journals Fuel dynamics and its implication to fire behavior in loblolly pine-dominated stands after southern pine beetle outbreak

2020 ◽  
Vol 466 ◽  
pp. 118130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongtao Xie ◽  
Jennifer E. Fawcett ◽  
G. Geoff Wang
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Fire Behavior ◽  
Southern Pine Beetle ◽  
Southern Pine ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Fuel Dynamics
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