Influence of some nitrogen and vitamin sources on growth, sporulation, and pathogenicity of Cochliobolus sativus

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 2175-2186 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. V. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Chromatographic Study ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Inorganic And Organic Nitrogen

Four isolates of C. sativus that had shown tendencies to give a differential pathogenic response when used to inoculate the foliage of several cereals grew well on a number of inorganic and organic nitrogen sources but showed no benefit from the addition of several vitamins. In general, the four isolates were consistent in their relative growth pattern although on occasion the order was changed slightly and when compared every 2 days a number of variations were noted. In some cases the amount of sporulation by the isolates was changed by certain chemicals. There was little evidence of a differential pathogenicity with inoculum grown on media containing different amino acids. However, inoculum grown on media containing methionine and isoleucine produced strikingly atypical leaf lesions on barley and wheat.All nitrogen sources tested supported some growth with the possible exception of cysteine. Comparing amino acids, maximum growth occurred on histidine, threonine, and hydroxyproline when equal amounts of sodium nitrate and amino acid were added to the basal medium, and on histidine, valine, and serine when only amino acid was used as the nitrogen source. With most acids growth was rapid for the first few days after inoculation and considerably slower later. In two cases practically no growth occurred during the second week of incubation. A chromatographic study of the culture filtrates showed that there was a variation in the speed at which the amino acids were taken up by the isolates. Several acids that supported rather poor growth were used up very quickly.

OPTIMIZATION OF BIOVANILLIN PRODUCTION OF LEMONGRASS LEAVES HYDROLYSATES THROUGH PHANEROCHAETE CHRYSOSPORIUM

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (31) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huszalina Hussin ◽  
Madihah Md Salleh ◽  
Chong Chun Siong ◽  
Muhammad Abu Naser ◽  
Suraini Abd- Aziz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Phanerochaete Chrysosporium ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Molar Yield ◽  
Primary Screening ◽  
Organic Nitrogen Source ◽  
Inorganic And Organic Nitrogen

The recent study has demonstrated the effects of different nitrogen sources on vanillin production by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Primary screening supported maximum biotransformation of ferulic acid (from lemongrass leaves hydrolysate) to vanillin by using ammonium chloride and yeast extract as inorganic and organic nitrogen source, respectively. With the 2-level factorial analysis, the optimum conditions of vanillin production from ferulic acid by P. chrysosporium was achieved at 0.192g/L with a molar yield of 24.5%.

Amino acid uptake systems in Bacteroides ruminicola

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1161-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roselynn M. W. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Amino Acid Uptake ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Kinetic Inhibition

Uptake of amino acids by Bacteroides ruminicola was observed in cells grown in a complete defined medium, containing ammonia as the nitrogen source. A high rate of uptake occurred only in fresh medium, as an inhibitory substance, possibly acetate, apparently accumulated during growth. All amino acids except proline were taken up and incorporated into cold trichloroacetic acid precipitable material. Different patterns of incorporation and different responses to 2,4-dinitrophenol and potassium ferricyanide indicated multiple uptake systems were involved. Kinetic inhibition patterns suggested six distinct systems were present for amino acid uptake, with specificities related to the chemical structures of the amino acids. Thus, the failure of free amino acids to act as sole nitrogen sources for growth of B. ruminicola is not due to the absence of transport systems for these compounds.

THE INFLUENCE OF NITROGENOUS COMPOUNDS ON GROWTH OF PYTHIUM SPECIES

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1509-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. P. Agnihotri ◽  
O. Vaartaja
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Pythium Species ◽  
Surface Culture ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Chromatographic Techniques ◽  
Ammonium Compounds ◽  
N Compounds

The utilization of N compounds by P. ultimum Trow (strain I and II), P. rostratum Butler, and P. irregulare Buisman was examined in a chemically denned medium under controlled conditions in surface culture. All species were able to metabolize nitrate, ammonium, and organic nitrogen, and the amount of growth varied with the nitrogen source. In general, yeast extract, peptone, glycine, serine, histidine, cysteine, asparagine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid supported favorable growth, whereas γ-aminobutyric acid, threonine, and alanine supported poor growth of these fungi. The addition of succinic acid at 0.02 M concentration to ammonium compounds further increased growth of four isolates.Preferential utilization of amino acids from a given mixture was recorded using paper chromatographic techniques. All four isolates gave more vegetative growth on mixtures of amino acids than when they were supplied singly.

EFFECT OF AMMONIUM NITROGEN AND AMINO ACIDS ON PERITHECIAL FORMATION OF VENTURIA INAEQUALIS

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. ROSS ◽  
FRANCES D. J. BREMNER
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Ammonium Carbonate ◽  
Venturia Inaequalis ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Racemic Mixture ◽  
Appreciable Change ◽  
The Media

Perithecia of Venturia inaequalis did not form in a basal medium to which was added ammonium sulfate, chloride, phosphate or tartrate as the sole sources of nitrogen, when the pH of the medium was allowed to fall to inhibitory levels. Perithecia formed with these ammonium salts as nitrogen sources when calcium carbonate was added to control the pH. With ammonium carbonate and oxalate there was no appreciable change in pH, and perithecia formed with these salts as nitrogen sources. Perithecia did not form in media with leucine as a nitrogen source. Formation of perithecia with other amino acids depended on the concentration of amino-nitrogen in the media. A substance toxic to perithecial formation may form in cultures containing leucine; if so, it is produced in different amounts by the two isomers and the racemic mixture of this amino acid.

QUALITATIVE STUDIES OF SOIL MICROORGANISMS: IX. AMINO ACID REQUIREMENTS OF RHIZOSPHERE BACTERIA

1950 ◽  
Vol 28c (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Wallace ◽  
A. G. Lochhead
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soil Microorganisms ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Chemically Defined Medium ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Specific Amino Acid ◽  
Pronounced Decrease ◽  
Amino Acid Requirements

A study was made of the more specific amino acid requirements of bacteria from the rhizospheres of clover, flax, and wheat plants for which a chemically defined medium containing 23 amino acids provided essentials for maximum growth. Of seven groups of amino acids, the sulphur-containing group (cysteine, methionine, and taurine) was found to be of special significance, the omission of this group resulting in a pronounced decrease in the percentage of organisms able to develop. Further study of organisms dependent upon this group of amino acids for growth showed methionine to be by far the most essential compound. While evident for bacteria from the rhizosphere of all three crops, the effect was more pronounced in the case of clover than with flax or wheat.

INTEGRATED EFFECT OF INORGANIC AND ORGANIC NITROGEN SOURCES ON SOIL FERTILITY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF MAIZE

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 524-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Shafi ◽  
Azam Shah ◽  
Jehan Bakht ◽  
Mahmood Shah ◽  
Wisal Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Inorganic And Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Inorganic And Organic

INHIBITION OF GROWTH OF PSEUDOMONAS DENITRIFICANS BY AMINO ACIDS

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1095-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horace J. Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Complete Medium ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Pseudomonas Denitrificans ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Amino Acid Mixtures

A large number of amino acids failed to support growth of Pseudomonas denitrificans in a basal medium composed of glucose, ammonium phosphate, and other mineral salts. Inability of an amino acid to support growth correlated well with its inhibitory action in a complete medium made up by adding L-glutamic acid to the basal medium. D-Amino acids were more toxic than the corresponding L-forms, and neutral amino acids were more toxic than acidic amino acids. Basic amino acids which were least toxic supported the best growth. The danger of the indiscriminate use of amino acid mixtures for culture studies is discussed.

Total amino acid requirements of weaned piglets 8 to 25 kg live weight given diets based on wheat and soya-bean meal fortified with free amino acids

1992 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Gatel ◽  
G. Buron ◽  
J. Fékéte
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Soya Bean ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Soya Bean Meal

AbstractTwo experiments were carried out with weaned piglets from 8 to 25 kg live weight in order to determine the dietary amino acid content necessary for maximum growth. Six diets based on wheat, soya-bean meal, soya-bean oil and free amino acids were compared in each experiment. Essential amino acids were in the same relative proportion for all diets: (methionine + cystine)/lysine = 0·60 to 0·65; threonine/lysine = 0·65; tryptophan/lysine = 0·19. The range of amino acid content was 9·53 to 12·52 g lysine per kg in the first experiment and 11·34 to 15·94 g lysine per kg in the second experiment. The number of piglets used per diet was 136 (20 pens) and 106 (16 pens) in respectively the first and the second experiment. The relationship between either dietary lysine content or daily lysine intake and growth rate was quadratic and significant. Dietary lysine content and daily lysine intake which enable maximum growth were calculated according to this model. Dietary lysine contents were 15·5 and 14·9 g/kg for the first 3 weeks (8 to 17 kg) and for the overall post-weaning period (8 to 25 kg) respectively. Daily lysine intakes were 10·6 and 13·3 g/day respectively for the same two periods. Reasons for these values being higher than those currently cited are discussed.

Nitrogen requirements of the fungal endophytes of Arundina chinensis

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Stephen ◽  
K. K. Fung
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
The Other ◽  
Atmospheric Nitrogen

The nitrogen requirements of two Rhizoctonia fungus endophytes of the orchid Arundina chinensis are reported. Both isolates were capable of using ammonium and organic nitrogen but not nitrate or atmospheric nitrogen. Glutamic acid and urea were the best of the nitrogen sources tested followed by arginine, then asparagine. Proline and methionine were not used. The addition of a mixture of vitamins to the amino acids increased growth of one of the isolates but not the other. Yeast extract supported greatest growth.

Germination of macroconidia and growth of Sporidesmium sclerotivorum in vitro

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 664-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Ayers ◽  
E. A. Barnett ◽  
P. B. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Carbon Substrates ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Casamino Acids ◽  
Inorganic And Organic Nitrogen

Macroconidia of Sporidesmium sclerotivorum, a mycoparasite of Sclerotinia spp., were induced to germinte by aqueous and ethanolic extracts of sclerotia of Sclerotinia minor. Paper chromatography of sclerotial extracts indicated the presence of several amino acids and carbohydrates, chiefly glucose. Glucose was identified as the principal germination stimulant in ethanolic extracts. Glucose, fructose, mannose, cellobiose, sucrose, maltose, trehalose, soluble starch, and glycerol at 0.1% (w/v) stimulated macroconidia to germinate in 3–6 days at 25 °C. Crude sclerotial extracts, and glucose combined with inorganic and organic nitrogen sources, supported germination of greater numbers of macroconidia than glucose alone. Yeast extract, Casaminc acids, peptone, and several carbon substrates alone did not support germination. Macroconidia germinated well (> 30%) over the range of pH 3–7; maximum germination (> 80%) occurred at pH 5.0–5.5. Mycelial growth in a glucose – Casamino acids - mineral salts medium was also greatest in the range of pH 5.0–5.5, but growth fell off sharply below pH 4.5 and above pH 6.0. The fungus grew slowly on several complex agar media adjusted to pH 5.5.

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