Use of cellulase and hemicellulase for the separation of Phytophthora cactorum oospores from mycelium mats

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 2685-2686 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Sneh
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Phytophthora Cactorum ◽  
Hyphal Cell

Degradation of Phytophthora cactorum hyphal cell walls in mycelial mats was effected by incubation in a mixture of cellulase and hemicellulase for 7 days; fragments of homogenized mycelium were degraded after only 2 days. Oospore suspensions free from debris were obtained from the enzyme-treated cultures by washing them through nylon nets.

Etude ultrastructurale des relations hôte–parasite au cours de l'infection des pommes par le Phytophthora cactorum

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Mourichon ◽  
G. Sallé
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Phytophthora Cactorum ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Susceptible Host ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Extrahaustorial Matrix ◽  
Apple Fruits

An electron microscopic study was performed on haustoria of Phytophthora cactorum (L. et C.) Schroeter developed in tissues of two cultivars of apple fruits: a susceptible variety ('Golden delicious') and a resistant one ('Belle de Boskoop'). Ultrastructure of intercellular hyphae and some aspects of their penetration between contiguous host cells were described. A light dissolution of the host cell walls was observed. Ontogenic investigations indicated that in the susceptible host, the wall of the fungal haustoria was covered with a dense-stained extrahaustorial matrix. Its origin and its polysaccharide nature were demonstrated. On the other hand, the resistant host developed, immediately after the inoculation, a papilla which gave rise, later on, to a sheath enclosing adult haustoria. The role of these callosic structures in the phenomenon of resistance was discussed.

scholarly journals Hyphal cell walls from the plant pathogenRhynchosporium secaliscontain (1,3/1,6)-β-d-glucans, galacto- and rhamnomannans, (1,3;1,4)-β-d-glucans and chitin

FEBS Journal ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 276 (14) ◽  
pp. 3698-3709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filomena Pettolino ◽  
Izumi Sasaki ◽  
Alisa Turbic ◽  
Sarah M. Wilson ◽  
Antony Bacic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Hyphal Cell

Ultrastructural localization of succinate dehydrogenase in a self-parasitic isolate of Saprolegnia megasperma

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 491-496
Author(s):  
Sharon Faye Murrin ◽  
Richard A. Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Succinate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Mitochondrial Membranes ◽  
Hyphal Cell ◽  
Dense Deposits

The enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (SDH, succinate: (acceptor) oxidoreductase, EC 1.3.99.1) was localized by the combined techniques of cytochemistry and electron microscopy in the hyphae of a self-parasitizing isolate of Saprolegnia megasperma Coker. The enzyme was localized in the mitochondrial membranes; its activity was inhibited by malonate. Electron-dense deposits, whose formation was not prevented by the addition of malonate, appeared outside of the hyphal cell walls. No evidence was found at the ultrastructural level within the vegetative hyphae for any abnormalities which could be linked to the phenomenon of self-parasitism.

Interactions between a fungal endophyte and gametophyte cells in Psilotum nudum

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 711-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Peterson ◽  
Melanie J. Howarth ◽  
Dean P. Whittier
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Hyphal Cell ◽  
Cell Organelles ◽  
Host Cytoplasm ◽  
Psilotum Nudum ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Fungal Hyphae

Mature Psilotum gametophytes found in greenhouse pots containing plants of Hoya, Philodendron, Aspidistra, or Diffenbachia were processed for microscopy. An endophytic fungus was abundant in the rhizoids and in most cortical parenchyma cells except at the growing apices. Although the fungus has not been identified, it is an aseptate fungus with coarse hyphae which occasionally form vesicles. Endophytic fungal hyphae store quantities of lipid which appear to be released into the host cytoplasm upon fungal degeneration. This lipid and the remnants of hyphal cell walls may be used as an energy source by the achlorophyllous gametophyte. Gametophyte cell organelles, including the nucleus, appear to degenerate after fungal breakdown, and the cells presumably die. Although reinfection of cells containing degenerated hyphae was found, it was not particularly common.

scholarly journals The Natural Product Citral Can Cause Significant Damage to the Hyphal Cell Walls of Magnaporthe grisea

Molecules ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 10279-10290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong-Yu Li ◽  
Xiao-Mao Wu ◽  
Xian-Hui Yin ◽  
Jing-Nan Liang ◽  
Ming Li
Keyword(s):  
Natural Product ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Magnaporthe Grisea ◽  
Hyphal Cell ◽  
Significant Damage

The genus Karoowia (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) includes unrelated clades nested within Xanthoparmelia

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Amo de Paz ◽  
H. Thorsten Lumbsch ◽  
Paloma Cubas ◽  
John A. Elix ◽  
Ana Crespo
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Bayesian Approach ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Hyphal Cell ◽  
Rdna Sequences

Thallus morphology has traditionally played a major role in the classification of lichenised fungi. We have used a combined dataset of nuITS, nuLSU and mtSSU rDNA sequences to evaluate the phylogenetic relationships between the subcrustose genus Karoowia and the mostly foliose genus Xanthoparmelia. Our phylogenetic analyses using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and a Bayesian approach show that Karoowia species do not form a monophyletic group but cluster in different clades nested within Xanthoparmelia. The monophyly of Karoowia either as a separate clade from Xanthoparmelia, or nested within Xanthoparmelia is significantly rejected using alternative hypothesis testing. These results suggest that the usefulness of the phenotypic features used to define Karoowia has been overestimated because the subcrustose growth form has evolved independently in several clades within Xanthoparmelia. Other characters used to circumscribe Karoowia, such as the presence of cylindrical conidia, also occur in Xanthoparmelia, and the differences in rhizine morphology are minimal. Consequently, we propose to reduce Karoowia to synonymy with Xanthoparmelia. The enlarged genus is characterised by the presence of Xanthoparmelia-type lichenan in the hyphal cell walls and the presence of an arachiform vacuolar body in the ascospores. Fifteen new combinations in Xanthoparmelia and the new name Xanthoparmelia mucinae for Karoowia squamatica are made.

Adaptivity of the thallus structure of Hypogymnia physodes to microclimatic conditions

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hyvärinen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Complex Interaction ◽  
Hypogymnia Physodes ◽  
Hyphal Cell ◽  
Epiphytic Lichen ◽  
Microclimatic Conditions ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThe thallus structure of a common epiphytic lichen Hypogymnia physodes growingon the bark of Pinus sylvestris under a variety of microclimatic conditions was studied by means of fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. The disparity between the thallus layer thicknesses of specimens growing in different habitats proved to be small though obvious, and differences also appeared in the amount of gelatinous substances in the hyphal cell walls ofthe cortex and algal layer. Furthermore, the occurrence of a pored epicortex of H. physodes at dry sites is reported. The size distribution of the thalli, thallus area and the production of soralia showed a complex interaction with microclimate. Against a background of the microclimatic data collected here, humidity is considered to be the most important factor affecting the anatomy and morphology of the thallus.

The Fine Structure of Phialophora Mutabilis Grown on Various Media

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 52-53
Author(s):  
Matias Pardo ◽  
Betty Keller ◽  
Gail Pouchet ◽  
Malcolm Slifkin
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Peripheral Zone ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Corn Meal ◽  
Corn Meal Agar ◽  
Hyphal Cell ◽  
Microscopic Appearance ◽  
Wort Agar ◽  
Fibrillar Network

Culturally and morphologically, P. mutabilis manifest wide variation in regard to pigmentation and colonial and microscopic appearance(1) . A composite of all the cultural characteristics of this fungus manifested only when a variety of media was employed for cultivation. Colonies grown on Sabouraud ' s dextrose agar, malt extract and Wort agar generally contained a central pigmented mycelial mat and a yeast-like peripheral zone. The colonies were completely yeast-like on corn meal agar. Microscopic examination from slide cultures on different media revealed conidia, chlamydospores and rare phialides.This is the first ultrastructural analysis of P. mutabilis. Culture from Sabouraud's dextrose agar were examined first. The outer surface of the hyphal cell walls is electron dense with a fibrillar network.

HYPHAL CELL WALL STRUCTURE OF TWO SPECIES OF PYTHIUM

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Mitchell ◽  
Naama Sabar
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Cell Wall Structure ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Pythium Myriotylum ◽  
Hyphal Cell

Hyphal cell walls were prepared by ultrasonication. Glucose was the only sugar detected in both species. Evidence was obtained indicating that the Pythium butleri Subram. glucan is beta 1,2-linked, and that the glucan of Pythium myriotylum Drechsler is beta 1,4-linked. Sixteen amino acids were detected in P. butleri cell wall hydrolysates. Four of these amino acids were absent from P. myriotylum preparations. Similar quantities of lipid were found in both species. The significance of these data for fungal classification is discussed.

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