Рredominant microflora of natural and wastewaters of Lviv region

Quantitative and qualitative composition of microorganisms have been determined by the microbiological methods of the analysis of natural waters and industrial wastewater. It is shown that the dominant microflora of the studied waters are Diplococcus, Sarcina, Bacillus, Pseudomonas bacteria types, blue-green algae of Oscillatoria types, as well as Saccharomyces yeast types. Morphological, physiological and cultural characteristics of colonies grown on nutrient media were studied to identify microorganisms. The growth pattern of colonies of microorganisms on meat-peptone agar (for bacteria) and wort-agar (for yeast) in a Petri dish is shown.

BACTERIA OF THE ORDER BACILLALES AS PROMISING ANTAGONISTS OF FUSARIUM PATHOGENS AND THEIR IMPACT ON WINTER WHEAT PLANTS

The possibility of using bacteria of the order Bacillales as agents of biological control of phytopathogenic fungi of the genus Fusarium was studied. In the work, 28 soil samples were studied, from which antagonist bacterial strains were isolated. Antagonism was detected by cultivating a pasteurized soil suspension with a culture of the fungus Fusarium graminearum on wort agar. In the course of this work, 1040 antagonist bacterial strains were isolated. Subsequently, the influence of the selected strains of microorganisms on the germination winter wheat seeds and several other morphometric parameters was studied.

THE INFLUENCE OF NANOPARTICLES OF BIOGENIC METALS ON CULTURING THE YEAST SACCHAROMYCES СEREVISIAE

The effect of nanoparticles of biogenic metals (Fe, Mg, Zn, Mn) and their combinations on culturing the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and on fermentation of sugar-containing raw materials into ethanol have been investigated . The research involved the use of nanometal preparations obtained by volumetric electric-spark dispersion. It has proved effective to add nanozinc and a preparation containing nanomanganese and nanomagnesium, prior to yeast cultivation, to the growth media agar and wort agar in the concentrations 0.5 μg/cm3 and 11 μg/cm3 respectively. The experimental yeast grown on the medium containing these preparations increased the alcohol concentration in the distiller’s wort by 0.2%, whereas the content of unfermented carbohydrates remained within the prescribed limits 0.32–0.39 g/100 сm3. The yeast biomass increased by 1.2–1.4 times. Zinc and manganese/magnesium nanopreparations increased the maltase and invertase activities of the yeast under study by 40–25%. The nanoiron preparation contributed to inhibiting the fermentation activity of the yeast biomass. Biogenic metal nanocomplexes are used by yeast as an additional nutrient source. They form organometallic and intracomplex active compounds with yeast cell enzymes, primarily with hexokinase, aldolase, enolase. This intensifies synthesis of enzymes and increases their catalytic effect. The results obtained prove the effectiveness of biogenic metal nanopreparations as catalysts for biochemical transformations in a yeast cell. Using nanometals increases the productivity of bakery yeast, improves the technological process of alcoholic fermentation, and offers ample opportunity to increase the activity of enzyme preparations in the course of their production.

Identification of Yeasts with Mass Spectrometry during Wine Production

The aim of the present study was to identify yeasts in grape, new wine “federweisser” and unfiltered wine samples. A total amount of 30 grapes, 30 new wine samples and 30 wine samples (15 white and 15 red) were collected from August until September, 2018, from a local Slovak winemaker, including Green Veltliner (3), Mūller Thurgau (3), Palava (3), Rhein Riesling (3), Sauvignon Blanc (3), Alibernet (3), André (3), Blue Frankish (3), Cabernet Sauvignon (3), and Dornfelder (3) grapes; federweisser and unfiltered wine samples were also used in our study. Wort agar (WA), yeast extract peptone dextrose agar (YPDA), malt extract agar (MEA) and Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) were used for microbiological testing of yeasts. MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry (Microflex LT/SH) (Bruker Daltonics, Germany) was used for the identification of yeasts. A total of 1668 isolates were identified with mass spectrometry. The most isolated species from the grapes was Hanseniaspora uvarum, and from federweisser and the wine—Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITY OF SOIL MICROORGANISMS AS AN EFFECTIVE MEANS OF PLANT PROTECTION AGAINST ACCREMONIOSIS

Objective. Screening of microorganisms — antagonists of the phytopathogenic fungus Acremonium cucurbitacearum. Methods. The antagonistic activity of microorganisms was investigated by the method of mixed (counter) cultures on wort agar. The appearance and type of relationships were registered using Simonian and Mamikonian modified scale. The primary screening of A. cucurbitacearum 502 antagonists was performed by the delayed antagonism method. Morphological and cultural characteristics of Triсhoderma sp. 017 were studied on wort agar. The fungus was grown for 10 days. Results. Almost all of the microorganisms under study were found to exhibit antagonistic properties against A. cucurbitacearum 502. In particular, among bacteria, Bacillus sp. 23 exhibited the highest antifungal activity and inhibited the growth of the pathogen even after 25 days of their compatible cultivation. Screening for micromycetes of the genera Trichoderma and Chaetomium showed that all the tested strains showed antagonistic activity to A. cucurbitacearum 502 to one extent or another. Following contact of Chaetomium fungi — C. globosum 377 and C. cochliodes 3250 with A. cucurbitacearum 502, they delayed growth of the latter, showing superparasitism at Day 25 and 15, respectively. Among the fungi of the genus Triсhoderma, strain Triсhoderma sp. 017 was characterized by the fastest growth and at Day 5 of cultivation showed superparasitism, arresting the growth of A. cucurbitacearum 502 and completely invading the colony of pathogen. Colonies of the fungus Trichoderma sp. 017 on wort agar show rapid growth, forming a white mycelium film and a dark green conidial zone. The optimum pH is 5.0. The mycelium consists of colourless, smooth, strongly branched hyphae, 2.5‒6.0 μm in diameter. Conidiophores are very branched in compact or loose pads, with a main axis, 3.5‒4.0 µm thick. Sterigmata form rings with 2‒3 sterigmata varying in size, 6.25‒15.0 × 2.5‒3.0 μm. Conidia are spherical 2.0‒3.0 × 3.5‒5.0 μm. Conclusion. Therefore, in order to protect plants from acremoniasis caused by the phytopathogen A. cucurbitacearum, we suggest the strain Triсhoderma sp. 017, which is characterized by the most rapid growth and active superparasitism. According to morphological and cultural characteristics, the fungus is classified as T. viride 017.

Virescenosides From the Holothurian-Associated Fungus Acremonium Striatisporum Kmm 4401

Ten new diterpene glycosides virescenosides Z9-Z18 (1–10) together with three known analogues (11–13) and aglycon of virescenoside A (14) were isolated from the marine-derived fungus Acremonium striatisporum KMM 4401. These compounds were obtained by cultivating fungus on wort agar medium with the addition of potassium bromide. Structures of the isolated metabolites were established based on spectroscopic methods. The effects of some isolated glycosides and aglycons 15–18 on urease activity and regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Nitric Oxide (NO) production in macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPC) were evaluated.

CULTURAL PROPERTIES OF FUNGI OF THE FAMILY MUCORACEAE, THE GENUS ASPERGILLUS AS CAUSATIVE AGENTS OF ZOOANTHROPONOSIS

At present, in Ukraine there is a growing prevalence of fungal infections, including aspergillosis and mucormycosis, against HIV / AIDS, tuberculosis, bronchial asthma and cancerous diseases [11]. The literature available presents scanty data on which of the most commonly used nutrient media provide the highest biosynthetic activity for the fungi of the family Mucoraceae, the genus Aspergillus. The aim of this study was to investigate the cultural properties of the studied isolates of fungi on different nutrient media. The following field fungi isolates were studied: Mucor ramosissimus Samutsevitsch, Rhizopus spp., Aspergillus fumigatus Fresenius, Aspergillus niger van Tieghem, Aspergillus flavus Link. The following nutrient media were used: the Plout medium, the Grigoraki medium, the Czapek agar, the Sabouraud agar, the wort-agar, the Van Eterson medium, the Sabouraud-dextrose broth, the honey medium. The concentration of fungi spores per 1 cm3 of inoculum was assessed on the basis of standard methods using a Goryaev's chamber. The evaluation of the intensity of spore formation on different nutrient media was carried out by standard techniques and assessed in CFU/ cm2 [30]. The most intense growth of micromycetes of the Mucor and Aspergillus genera is found on media containing sucrose, dextrose, maltose, glucose, dextrin, glycerol or plant components (the Sabouraud agar, the Czapek agar, the wort agar, the Grigoraki medium, and the Plout medium).

Preliminary Data of Bioresonant Impact on the Growth and Morphology of Candida guillermondi after Storage in Culture Collection

Bioresonant effect is the correction of body functions when exposed to electromagnetic fields strictly defined parameters. Impact is possible both on the cellular and at the level of the whole organism. The basic idea of using bioresonance is that with the proper selection of electromagnetic radiation, normal and weakening pathological changes in the body can be enhanced. The purpose of this work is to study the shape, size and growth of the yest culture stored in the collection after bioresonant impact. Th e culture of the yeast Candida guillermondi BDU - 217, stored in the culture collection of the Department of Microbiology, Baku State University, was taken as an object for one year on the wort agar medium at a temperature of 4 - 6  C. After influence of electr omagnetic fields to the cells, stored for one year, appeared colonies with signs of the initial culture. Moreover, with direct biorezonant impact the size of some colonies became much larger than the initial. And with impact simultaneous direct and inverse electromagnetic radiation, it gave results similar to both the initial and stored for one year culture. It has been shown that, regardless of the form of bioresonant impact (direct or inverted), the shape and size of the cells of the yeast culture can be restored and even modified, i.e. from ovoid to rod - shaped. These preliminary data provide prerequisites for the recognition of a new scientific approach in restoring the changed properties of microorganisms using bioenergy information transfer. Experiments according to research are continued.

Influence of low chronic exposure on physiological and biochemical properties of three irradiated generations Aspergillus versicolor

Exposure of chronic radiation on three generation Aspergillus versicolor, which were obtained in the model conditions from two parental strains: A.versicolor 99 with radioadaptive properties isolated from location "Shelter" Chornobyl NPP and A.versicolor 432 – control were characterized. In investigated generation A. versicolor 99 and A. versicolor 432 were found opposite changes of the growth rate (from deceleration to acceleration) under the cultivating in two medium with different content of carbon source, which value was in the range from 60% to 140% (on wort agar) and from 70% to 230% (on depleted nutrients agar) in comparison with non-irradiated generations. In three investigated generations A.versicolor 432 and A.versicolor 99 were found changes in the profile of activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxidedismutase, catalase, peroxidase, which had wavy like character (except catalase) and high amplitude of oscillation from decreasing to 70% up to an increase to 900 %.

Temperature Limits for Production of Aflatoxin by Twenty-five Isolates of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus

Aflatoxicogenic isolates of Aspergillus were tested for their aflatoxin production after 8 weeks of growth on wort agar medium at high (41, 46 ± 1 C) and low (2, 7 ± 0.5 C) temperatures. Controls were grown at approximately 22 C, a temperature known to be favorable for aflatoxin production. There were two replications of each treatment. All replicate cultures of the 25 isolates grown at 22 C were positive for aflatoxin. Aflatoxins were not detected in wort agar when cultures were incubated at other test temperatures. It appears that both Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus will not produce aflatoxins when grown at ⩽ 7.5 C or at ⩾ 40 C.