Identification and Inventory Pteridophyta in Mount Gede Pangrango National Park, Cibodas, West Java

The fern is one of the plants that is easily found in Indonesia and it has a high diversity and distribution. Ferns are among the simplest vascular plants and are classified into sporous cormophytes which already have transport vessels. The purpose of this research was to identify and inventory the types of ferns found in Mount Gede Pangrango National Park. The research method used was descriptive with path tracking techniques and observations on the morphology of the found ferns. The research results obtained that 29 species of ferns were found in the observations made, namely Ophioglosum reticulatum L., Selaginella caudata (Desv.) Spring, Davallia denticulata (Burm.) Mett. & Kuhn, Adiantum capillus-veneris L., Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L., Dryopteris sparsa (Ham.) Kuntze, Angiopteris evecta (G.Forst.) Hoffm., Dipteris conjugata Reinw., Pleopeltis heterocarpa Bedd., Phegopteris connectilis (Michx .) Watt, Asplenium nidus L., Polystichum acultatum Roth, Tectaria crenata Cav., Pityrogramma calomelanos (L.) Link, Pteris biaurita L., Nephrolepis biserrata (Sw.) Schott, Microsorum scolopendria (Burm.fil.) Copel., Cyathea contaminans (Wall. Ex Hook.) Copel., Davallia pentaphyla Blume, Dicksonia blumei (Kunze) T. Moore, Davallia trichomanoides Blume, Ctenitis vilis (Kunze) Ching, Thelypteris rudis (Kunze) Proctor, Adiantum hispidulum Sw., Bolbitis quoyana (Gaud.) Ching, Selaginella ornata (Hook & Grev.) Spring, Drynaria pleuridioides Presl, Gleichenia linearis (Burm.) CBCl., and Psilotum nudum (L.) P. Beauv. This research concludes that each fern plant has its characteristics that can be used as a basis for observing and identifying the types of ferns and making an inventory.

Development of Methodology for Vulnerability Assessment of Chemical Accident in Terrestrial Ecosystem: (2) Focusing on the Herbs

Objective:As the industry rapidly develops in modern society, the use of chemicals increases and people and various organism living in terrestrial environments are exposed to these chemicals in large quantities. Chemical accidents frequently occur around the world, and these accidents could cause fatal damage to the terrestrial ecosystem. When the terrestrial ecosystem is exposed to highly toxic chemicals, soil functions as well as living organisms in the terrestrial ecosystem could be severely damaged. Countermeasures against chemical accidents and chemicals are required to prevent such damage and for this purpose, systematic vulnerability assessment techniques should be developed to prepare terrestrial ecosystem management for chemical accidents. For this purpose, this study is conducted to develop chemical vulnerability assessment techniques based on biological characteristics of plants.Method:First, we selected 215 species among herb plants according to the domestic distribution and establish various vulnerability indicators that can be evaluated according to the exposure and recovery categories.Results and Discussion:As a result of vulnerability scoring for 215 herbs species, the most vulnerable species were Humulus japonicus, Linum usitatissimum, Psilotum nudum, Trigonotis peduncularis, and Lamium amplexicaule. The least vulnerable species were Miscanthus sinensis, Dactylis glomerata, Spodiopogon sibiricus, and Polygonum filiforme.Conclusions:Terrestrial ecosystem is a main stage of human activity, so there is a high risk of chemical accidents as a large amount of chemicals are used. By utilizing this terrestrial ecosystem vulnerability assessment proposed in this study, we can prioritize the vulnerability of chemicals on the terrestrial ecosystem and use this technique to manage chemical accidents and chemicals and prepare countermeasures.

Kelimpahan Tumbuhan Paku (Pteridophyta) di Hutan Desa Tanglapui, Kecamatan Alor Timur, Kabupaten Alor

This study aims to determine the composition of species, diversity, and density of ferns in the Forest area of ​​Tanglapui Village, East Alor District, Alor Regency. To make observations and divide the study site into 4 stations, namely: stasium 1 east, stasium 2 south, stasium 3 north, and stasium 4 western parts, which contained nail plants (pteridophyta). At each station two observation plots were installed for sampling. Placement of the observation plot using purposive sampling by determining the starting point and installing a plot measuring 20 m long and 10 m wide. Every nail plant found at the study site was recorded. The data obtained is then processed to see the number of nail species found, the abundance of each fern, and the index of diversity of ferns using the Shannon-Wiener diversity formula. The results showed that 22 species of ferns were found, namely Diplazium esculentum, Cyathea contaminans, Lygodium venustum sw, Drynaria quercifolia, Platycerium bifurcatum, Microsorum punctatum, Equisetum debile, Pteris biaurita L, Pytirogramma calomelanos, Polypodium virginianum sp. cuneatum, Pteris cretica L, Davallia denticulate, Asplenium attenuatum, Psilotum nudum L, Marsilia polycarpa, Pteris vittata, Nephrolepis biserrata, Pyrrosia piloselloidesi L MG, Macrothelipteris torresiana. One of the ferns that dominates the tanglapui forest area is Cyathea contaminans with a total of 509 individuals with a density of 0.32 individuals / m2. The value of diversity in the lowland tanglapui forests is 0.77.

Phylogenetic study of living fossil Psilotum nudum L. from Himalayan range of Pakistan using DNA barcodes

The genus Psilotum belongs to Psilotaceae family, with about 133 to 189 species having outstanding social, economic and medically important relict plants. However, being living fossil plant, many hurdles come in way while trying to discern its phylogenetics reconstruction. The partial conserve nucleotide sequences of rbcLa, trnA, trnV, matK, ITS, ycF3 and rpoB genes were used to select the best suitable barcodes in Psilotum nudum L. The amplified fragments were subjected to Sanger sequencing and then Maximum likelihood, Maximum Parsimony and Neighbor Joining trees were generated using bioinformatics software. i.e., MUSCLE, BioEdit and Mega-7. Current population showed the best match between P. complanatum (KY099851.1), population reported from New Zealand and P. nudum (F384430.1) with identity value 100 and 99% having E-value 0.0 and 0.0 by rbcLa and trnA barcode region, respectively. The findings showed that P. nudum L. sequences are ever first reported from the Himalaya regions of Pakistan and could be utilized for further comparison among different populations of this relict plant species across the globe.

Palynostratigraphy, Paleoecology and Paleoclimatology of Early Pleistocene Based on Pollen Study of Pucangan Formation in Sangiran Area

A pollen study has been conducted on samples taken from Pucangan Formation in Sangiran area. This study aims to reconstruct palynostratigraphy and to reveal environmental dynamics along with the deposition of Pucangan Formation with an emphasis on the influence of high frequency volcanism to the vegetational landscape in the montane area. The co-occurrence of Phyllocladus hypophyllus and Podocarpus imbricatus indicates Plistocene age of samples, and their stratigraphic position overlied by Middle Pleistocene Kabuh Formation leads to a conclusion of Early Pleistocene. All samples are included in Monoporites annulatus Peak Zone and subdivided into three Peak Subzone i.e. Polypodisporites radiates, Psilotum nudum, Magnastriatites grandiosa, Cyathea sp. and Laevigatosporites sp. Concurrent Peak Subzone, Interval Subzone between two Peak Subzones i.e. Polypodisporites radiates, Psilotum nudum, Magnastriatites grandiosa, Cyathea sp., Laevigatosporites sp. Concurrent Peak Subzone and Casuarina sp. Peak Subzone. Along with the deposition of Pucangan Formation, savannah with sparse swamp, riparian and lowland forest spreaded out around particularly on lowland, while few mangrove forest grew on muddy sea-land interface environment and heterogenous montane forests occupied highland. During the deposition of stratigraphic profile, savannah got flourished on new emerged land due to regression. Frequent volcanic eruptions along with the deposition of the upper stratigraphic profile has destroyed heterogenous montane forest and led to the homogenous Casuarina junghuniana forest.Keywords: Palynology, Early Pleistocene, vegetational landscape, savannah, montane forest, regression, volcanism

Palynostratigraphy, Paleoecology and Paleoclimatology of Early Pleistocene Based on Pollen Study of Pucangan Formation in Sangiran Area

A pollen study has been conducted on samples taken from Pucangan Formation in Sangiran area. This study aims to reconstruct palynostratigraphy and to reveal environmental dynamics along with the deposition of Pucangan Formation with an emphasis on the influence of high frequency volcanism to the vegetational landscape in the montane area. The co-occurrence of Phyllocladus hypophyllus and Podocarpus imbricatus indicates Plistocene age of samples, and their stratigraphic position overlied by Middle Pleistocene Kabuh Formation leads to a conclusion of Early Pleistocene. All samples are included in Monoporites annulatus Peak Zone and subdivided into three Peak Subzone i.e. Polypodisporites radiates, Psilotum nudum, Magnastriatites grandiosa, Cyathea sp. and Laevigatosporites sp. Concurrent Peak Subzone, Interval Subzone between two Peak Subzones i.e. Polypodisporites radiates, Psilotum nudum, Magnastriatites grandiosa, Cyathea sp., Laevigatosporites sp. Concurrent Peak Subzone and Casuarina sp. Peak Subzone. Along with the deposition of Pucangan Formation, savannah with sparse swamp, riparian and lowland forest spreaded out around particularly on lowland, while few mangrove forest grew on muddy sea-land interface environment and heterogenous montane forests occupied highland. During the deposition of stratigraphic profile, savannah got flourished on new emerged land due to regression. Frequent volcanic eruptions along with the deposition of the upper stratigraphic profile has destroyed heterogenous montane forest and led to the homogenous Casuarina junghuniana forest.Keywords: Palynology, Early Pleistocene, vegetational landscape, savannah, montane forest, regression, volcanism

Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. VI. Psilotaceae

We provide a synopsis to the family Psilotaceae in Bolivia, consisting of the single species Psilotum nudum.