New Hyphomycetes from South Carolina

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Pirozynski ◽  
C. S. Hodges Jr.
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Persea Borbonia ◽  
Fallen Leaves

Some interesting Hyphomycetes collected on fallen leaves of Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng. in South Carolina include Chaetochalara aspera sp. nov., Circinotrichum fertile sp. nov. and its hyperparasite Scolecobasidium dendroides sp. nov., Menisporopsis profusa sp. nov., Redbia elegans sp. nov., Uberispora simplex (Ichinoe) gen. & comb. nov. (≡ Arachnophora simplex Ichinoe), and Thozetella cristata sp. nov.The genus Thozetella O. Kuntze is broadened further to include T. tocklaiensis (Agnihothrudu) comb.nov. (≡ Thozetellopsis tocklaiensis Agnih.) and T. radicata (Morris) comb. nov. (≡ Neottiosporella radicata Morris).

Raffaelea lauricola. [Distribution map].

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
North America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Raffaelea Lauricola ◽  
Persea Borbonia ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Raffaelea lauricola Harrington, Fraedrich & Aghayeva. Sordariomycetes: Ophiostomatales: Ophiostomataceae. Hosts: Redbay (Persea borbonia), swampbay (P. palustris), avocado (P. americana) and other members of the Lauraceae. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (Japan, Kyushu and Taiwan) and North America (USA, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina and South Carolina).

scholarly journals Susceptibility to Laurel Wilt and Disease Incidence in Two Rare Plant Species, Pondberry and Pondspice

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (9) ◽  
pp. 1056-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. W. Fraedrich ◽  
T. C. Harrington ◽  
C. A. Bates ◽  
J. Johnson ◽  
L. S. Reid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Rare Plant ◽  
Laurel Wilt ◽  
Xyleborus Glabratus ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Raffaelea Lauricola ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Persea Borbonia

Laurel wilt, caused by Raffaelea lauricola, has been responsible for extensive losses of redbay (Persea borbonia) in South Carolina and Georgia since 2003. Symptoms of the disease have been noted in other species of the Lauraceae such as the federally endangered pondberry (Lindera melissifolia) and the threatened pondspice (Litsea aestivalis). Pondberry and pondspice seedlings were inoculated with R. lauricola from redbay, and both species proved highly susceptible to laurel wilt. Field assessments found substantial mortality of pondberry and pondspice, but in many cases the losses were not attributable to laurel wilt. R. lauricola was isolated from only 4 of 29 symptomatic pondberry plants at one site, but the fungus was not recovered from three plants at another site. R. lauricola was isolated from one of two symptomatic pondspice plants at one site, and from five of 11 plants at another site, but not from any plant at a third site. Insect bore holes, similar to those produced by Xyleborus glabratus (the vector of laurel wilt), were found in some pondberry and pondspice stems, but adults were not found. Damage caused by Xylosandrus compactus was found in pondberry stems, but this ambrosia beetle does not appear to be a vector of R. lauricola. Xyleborinus saxeseni adults were found in a dying pondspice with laurel wilt, and R. lauricola was recovered from two of three adults. Isolates of R. lauricola from pondberry, pondspice, and X. saxeseni had rDNA sequences that were identical to previously characterized isolates, and inoculation tests confirmed that they were pathogenic to redbay. Because pondberry and pondspice tend to be shrubby plants with small stem diameters, these species may not be frequently attacked by X. glabratus unless in close proximity to larger diameter redbay.

Discosia artocreas. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Andrianova
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
District Of Columbia ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Infraspecific Variation ◽  
Fallen Leaves

Abstract A description is provided for Discosia artocreas, found on old living, withering and fallen leaves. Some information on its morphology, associated organisms and substrata, interactions and habitats, infraspecific variation, dispersal and transmission and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, Canada, Mexico, USA [Alabama, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Iowa, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia and Wisconsin], Chile, Ecuador, Burma, China [Shaanxi], Republic of Georgia, India [Assam, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Uttaranchal], Japan, Kazakhstan, Pakistan, Russia, Turkey, Spain [Canary Islands], Australia [Queensland], Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Greenland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Sweden, Ukraine and UK).

scholarly journals First Report of Laurel Wilt Disease Caused by Raffaelea lauricola on Camphor in Florida and Georgia

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Smith ◽  
L. Mount ◽  
A. E. Mayfield ◽  
C. A. Bates ◽  
W. A. Lamborn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Laurel Wilt ◽  
Xyleborus Glabratus ◽  
Raffaelea Lauricola ◽  
Redbay Ambrosia Beetle ◽  
Persea Borbonia ◽  
Branch Dieback

Laurel wilt is a recently described (1) vascular disease of redbay (Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng) and other plants in the family Lauraceae. The wilt is caused by Raffaelea lauricola, a fungus vectored by the nonnative redbay ambrosia beetle (Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff) (1,2). Since 2003, laurel wilt has caused widespread mortality of redbay in Georgia, South Carolina, and Florida (1) and has recently been found on avocado in Florida (4). Since June of 2007, wilted shoots and branch dieback have been observed in several camphor trees (Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Sieb.) in residential areas of McIntosh and Glynn counties in Georgia and Baker County in Florida. Symptomatic camphor trees ranged from 4.5 to 12 m high and occurred in areas where redbay mortality due to laurel wilt has been frequently observed during the last 2 to 3 years. In some camphor trees, only the smaller branches (<2 cm in diameter) were wilting or dead, whereas in other trees (e.g., Baker County, Florida), the larger branches and substantial portions of the crown were also symptomatic. Rapid wilt that affects entire trees that is usually observed in redbay, has not been observed in camphor. Some camphor trees in residential areas of Jekyll Island, Georgia (Glynn County), where extensive wilt of redbay has occurred, have exhibited only localized wilt of some shoots or branches and other camphors remain asymptomatic. Removal of bark from wilted branch sections revealed black-to-brownish staining in the sapwood, characteristic of laurel wilt. Although no evidence of ambrosia beetles was observed on these samples, more extensive surveys are needed to determine the role of this vector in laurel wilt of camphor. Wood chips from symptomatic areas of branches were surface sterilized and plated on cycloheximide-streptomycin malt agar as previously described (1,4) and R. lauricola was routinely isolated. Small subunit (18S) sequences from rDNA were amplified by PCR and sequenced using primers NS1 and NS4 (3). BLASTn searches revealed homology to R. lauricola C2203 (GenBank Accession No. EU123076, 100% similarity, e-value of 0.0, and a total score of 1,886). The small subunit rDNA sequence for this isolate has been deposited into GenBank ( http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Genbank/index.html ) and has been assigned Accession No. EU 853303. The presence of laurel wilt in camphor provides an opportunity to understand the pathogen distribution and possible resistance mechanisms in this host, which could have implications for efforts to remediate the impacts of the disease in redbay and other species in the Lauraceae in the southeastern United States. References: (1) S. W Fraedrich et al. Plant Dis. 92:215, 2008. (2) T. C. Harrington et al. Mycotaxon 104:399, 2008. (3) M. A. Innis et al. PCR Protocols, A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press. San Diego, CA, 1990. (4) A. E. Mayfield, III et al. Plant Dis. 92:976, 2008.

An Ultrastructural Comparison of Hepatocytes from ADH+ and ADH−Peromyscus Maniculatus

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 30-31
Author(s):  
J. T. Ellzey ◽  
D. Borunda ◽  
B. P. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Model System ◽  
Deer Mice ◽  
En Bloc ◽  
Genetic Stock ◽  
Hepes Buffer ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Color Scanner

Genetically alcohol deficient deer mice (ADHN/ADHN) (obtained from the Peromyscus Genetic Stock Center, Univ. of South Carolina) lack hepatic cytosolic alcohol dehydrogenase. In order to determine if these deer mice would provide a model system for an ultrastructural study of the effects of ethanol on hepatocyte organelles, 75 micrographs of ADH+ adult male deer mice (n=5) were compared with 75 micrographs of ADH− adult male deer mice (n=5). A morphometric analysis of mitochondrial and peroxisomal parameters was undertaken.The livers were perfused with 0.1M HEPES buffer followed by 0.25% glutaraldehyde and 2% sucrose in 0.1M HEPES buffer (4C), removed, weighed and fixed by immersion in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M HEPES buffer, pH 7.4, followed by a 3,3’ diaminobenzidine (DAB) incubation, postfixation with 2% OsO4, en bloc staining with 1% uranyl acetate in 0.025M maleate-NaOH buffer, dehydrated, embedded in Poly/Bed 812-BDMA epon resin, sectioned and poststained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. Photographs were taken on a Zeiss EM-10 transmission electron microscope, scanned with a Howtek personal color scanner, analyzed with OPTIMAS 4.02 software on a Gateway2000 4DX2-66V personal computer and stored in Excel 4.0.

Use of the AMA Guides in State Workers' Compensation Systems: 2009 Update

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Brigham ◽  
Jenny Walker
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Workers Compensation ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Specific Guideline ◽  
Compensation Systems

Abstract The AMAGuides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) is the most widely used basis for determining impairment and is used in state workers’ compensation systems, federal systems, automobile casualty, and personal injury, as well as by the majority of state workers’ compensation jurisdictions. Two tables summarize the edition of the AMA Guides used and provide information by state. The fifth edition (2000) is the most commonly used edition: California, Delaware, Georgia, Hawaii, Kentucky, New Hampshire, Idaho, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Nevada, North Dakota, Ohio, Vermont, and Washington. Eleven states use the sixth edition (2007): Alaska, Arizona, Louisiana, Mississippi, Montana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, and Wyoming. Eight states still commonly make use of the fourth edition (1993): Alabama, Arkansas, Kansas, Maine, Maryland, South Dakota, Texas, and West Virginia. Two states use the Third Edition, Revised (1990): Colorado and Oregon. Connecticut does not stipulate which edition of the AMA Guides to use. Six states use their own state specific guidelines (Florida, Illinois, Minnesota, New York, North Carolina, and Wisconsin), and six states do not specify a specific guideline (Michigan, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, South Carolina, and Virginia). Statutes may or may not specify which edition of the AMA Guides to use. Some states use their own guidelines for specific problems and use the Guides for other issues.

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