A palynological study of postglacial vegetation changes in the University Research Forest, southwestern British Columbia

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 2085-2103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf W. Mathewes
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Vegetation Change ◽  
Vegetation History ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Pollen Diagram ◽  
History Of ◽  
Palynological Study ◽  
The University

The postglacial vegetation history of the University of British Columbia Research Forest was investigated using percentage and absolute pollen analysis, macrofossil analysis, and radiocarbon dating. A marine silty clay deposit records the oldest (12 690 ± 190 years before present (B.P.)) assemblage of terrestrial plant remains so far recovered from the postglacial of south-coastal British Columbia. Lodge-pole pine (Pinus contorta) dominated this early vegetation, although some Abies, Picea, Alnus, and herbs were also present. Sediment cores from two lakes were also studied. The older is Marion Lake, where five pollen assemblage zones are recognized, beginning with a previously undescribed assemblage of Pinus contorta, Salix, and Shepherdia in clay older than 12 350 ± 190 B.P. The pollen diagram from Surprise Lake (11 230 ± 230 B.P.) is divided into three pollen zones which show the same major trends of vegetation change as the Marion Lake diagram.The first report of the postglacial vegetation history of cedar (Thuja and perhaps Chamaecyparis) in southwestern British Columbia is presented from pollen and macrofossil analyses.At about 10 500 B.P. in both lakes, pollen of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) began a rapid increase, probably in response to climatic amelioration. The palynological evidence, supported by well-preserved bryophyte subfossils, suggests that humid coastal conditions have prevailed in the study area since about 10 500 B.P., with virtually no evidence for a classical Hypsithermal interval between 8500 B.P. and 3000 B.P.

scholarly journals Vegetation and climate from Late Quaternary Thimi Formation (Phaidhoka Section), Bhaktapur, Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Deepak Banjade ◽  
Kabir Sharma ◽  
Khum N. Paudayal
Keyword(s):  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Pollen Diagram ◽  
Formation Zone ◽  
Palynological Study ◽  
Deltaic Deposit ◽  
Warm Temperate ◽  
Vegetation And Climate

The Thimi Formation is fluvio-deltaic deposit that constitutes the uppermost part of the sedimentary sequence in the Kathmandu Basin, and is featured by carbonaceous and diatomaceous clay, silty clay, silt, fine to medium grained sand beds, and thin to medium lignite beds. The Phaidhoka Section is located on the way to Nala from Chyamasingh, and is one of the major exposures of the Thimi Formation. Forty four samples were collected from 25 m thick surface exposure for palynological study. The study revealed the dominance of gymnosperm over the angiosperm and herbaceous members. The pollen diagram suggested Pinus, Picea and Quercus as the most dominant trees whereas Poaceae is other dominant among the grasses. Three major pollen assemblage zones were marked in the Thimi Formation. Zone P-I indicated warm temperate climate, whereas zone P-II and P-III indicated cold temperate climate. Molluscan operculum in the upper part indicated shallow water condition. The Bovid molars, limb and pelvic bones from the middle part of the section confirm the early findings of molar bones in this area.

scholarly journals Glacial-Marine Sedimentation, Canadian Polar Margin, North of Axel Heiberg Island

2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances J. Hein ◽  
Peta J. Mudie
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Sedimentation Rates ◽  
The Core ◽  
Marine Sedimentation ◽  
Northwestern Shelf ◽  
History Of ◽  
Axel Heiberg Island ◽  
High Sediment

ABSTRACT Sediment cores, taken at depths of 140 to 300 m across the northwestern shelf of Axel Heiberg Island (82° N), record the deposition of sediments under perennial sea ice. Five sedimentary fades are recognized: (A) soft pebbly-sandy-mud with dropstone structures; (B) bioturbated silty muds; (C) wispy-laminated silty clay/clay; (D) laminated sands/silts and mud; (E) firm pebbly-sandy-mud with chaotic pebble fabrics. Other sediments include terrestrial bedrock of Paleogene Eureka Sound Group, and a younger Tertiary deposit, possibly the Beaufort Formation. Ages range from 1530 ± 60 BP (Fades A) to 9950 ± 80 BP (Fades D). Sedimentation rates vary as follows: - 0.8 cm ka-1, Fades B; 4 cm ka"\ Fades A; 90 cm ka-1, Fades C; 134 cm ka~', Fades D. The sedimentation history, as interpreted from the sedimentology, palynology and foraminiferal results, suggests intervals of more continuous ice cover, with a reduced influx of coarse ice-rafted detritus, alternating with more open water conditions, and high sediment input from meltwater and/or floating icebergs. Only marine sediments overlie Neogene bedrock in the cores. The absence of diamictons at the core sites suggests that grounded ice perhaps never occupied this part of the Axel Heiberg Island shelf. The interpreted history of sedimentation generally corresponds to the land-based record from Ellesmere Island, but differs significantly from marine-based studies in more southern latitudes.

Preschools for Science: The Child Study Centre at the University of British Columbia, 1960–1997

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penney Clark ◽  
Mona Gleason ◽  
Stephen Petrina
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Canadian Universities ◽  
University Of Toronto ◽  
University Of British Columbia ◽  
Child Study ◽  
Study Centre ◽  
History Of ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The University

Although not entirely neglected, the history of preschool reform and child study in Canada is understudied. Historians have documented the fate of “progressivism” in Canadian schooling through the 1930s along with postwar reforms that shaped the school system through the 1960s. But there are few case studies of child study centers and laboratory schools in Canada, despite their popularity in the latter half of the twentieth century. Histories of child study and child development tend to focus on the well-known Institute of Child Study directed by the renowned William E. Blatz in the Department of Psychology at the University of Toronto (U of T). Yet there were over twenty other child study centers established in Canadian universities during the 1960s and 1970s directed by little-known figures such as Alice Borden and Grace Bredin at the University of British Columbia (UBC).

A 12,000-Year History of Vegetation and Climate for Cape Cod, Massachusetts

1985 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjorie Green Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Vegetation History ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Cape Cod ◽  
Pine Barrens ◽  
Conifer Forest ◽  
Climate History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vegetation And Climate

Pollen and charcoal analysis of radiocarbon-dated sediment cores from Duck Pond in the Cape Cod National Seashore provide a continuous 12,000-yr vegetation and climate history of outer Cape Cod. A Picea-Hudsonia parkland and then a Picea-Pinus banksiana-Alnus crispa boreal forest association grew near the site between 12,000 and 10,000 yr B.P. This vegetation was replaced by a northern conifer forest of Pinus strobus-P. banksiana, and, subsequently, by a more mesophytic forest (Pinus strobus, Tsuga, Quercus, Fagus, Acer, Ulmus, Fraxinus, Ostrya) as the climate became warmer and wetter by 9500 yr B.P. By 9000 yr B.P. a Pinus rigida-Quercus association dominated the landscape. High charcoal frequencies from this and subsequent levels suggest that the pine barrens association developed during a warmer and drier climate that lasted from 9000 to about 5000 yr B.P. Increased percentages of Pinus strobus pollen indicate a return to moister and cooler conditions by about 3500 yr B.P. A doubled sedimentation rate, increased charcoal, and increased herb pollen suggest land disturbance near the pond before European settlement. These results suggest a rapid warming in the northeast in the early Holocene and support a hypothesis of a rapid sea level rise at that time. Comparison of the pollen results from Duck Pond with those from Rogers Lake, Connecticut, illustrates the importance of edaphic factors in determining the disturbance frequency and vegetation history of an area.

scholarly journals Two British Columbia University Colleges and the Process of Economic Globalization

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-86
Author(s):  
John S. Levin
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Columbia University ◽  
Institutional Mission ◽  
Qualitative Investigation ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of The University ◽  
University Colleges ◽  
The University

This qualitative investigation identifies a condition of frenetic change experienced by organizational members at two university col- leges in British Columbia, Canada, during the past decade. Prominent outcomes of the formal designation of five former community colleges as university colleges included curricular change and the evolution of a new institutional mission. The brief history of the university colleges of British Columbia parallels the process of economic globalization in the province of British Columbia, and the responses of managers and faculty at university colleges indicate that globalization influenced the formation and functioning of these institutions.

scholarly journals Vegetational History of Yellowstone Park as Determined by Pollen Analysis

1978 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
George Frison ◽  
Jane Beiswenger
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Lake Basin ◽  
Large Lake ◽  
Yellowstone Lake ◽  
North Central ◽  
University Of Utah ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Park Area ◽  
The University

The purpose of this project was to interpret the vegetational history of the Yellowstone Park area by the analysis of pollen contained in sediment cores from four locations in Yellowstone Lake. The cores, collected by Dr. Robert Smith of the University of Utah, were from the north central portion, the west thumb area, the south arm and the southeast arm of the lake. The cores were to be compared to determine pollen variations within the lake. Differences between a small pond and a large lake basin in reflecting climatic change were to be studied by comparing the results with pollen counts from Fifteen Foot Lagoon (Baker, 1976).

The outbreak history of Dothistroma needle blight: an emerging forest disease in northwestern British Columbia, Canada

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 2505-2519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cedar Welsh ◽  
Kathy Lewis ◽  
Alex Woods
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Environmental Trigger ◽  
History Of ◽  
Current Outbreak ◽  
Dothistroma Needle Blight ◽  
Needle Blight

Native pathogens are normally limited in the damage they cause by host resistance and (or) environmental conditions that limit one or more phases of the disease cycle. Changes to host or environmental conditions can relax these limits and result in disease emergence. Until recently, Dothistroma needle blight (Dothistroma), caused by Dothistroma septosporum (Dorog.) Morelet, has had only minor impacts on native forest trees in western North America. Over the past decade in the forests of northwestern British Columbia, Canada, Dothistroma has caused extensive mortality in managed plantations of lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.), and even mature pine trees are succumbing. We used dendrochronological techniques to reconstruct the temporal patterns of past Dothistroma outbreaks in the area using tree-ring series from sites with documented outbreaks. We found that Dothistroma outbreaks in northwest British Columbia have occurred periodically over the last 174 years, with an increase in outbreak incidence and extent since the 1940s. The most distinct change observed in the outbreak history has been the greater severity and synchrony among the sites affected during the current outbreak. A recently observed climate change trend over the study area may represent an environmental trigger that synchronized the current outbreak causing the widespread emergence of the disease.

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