scholarly journals Vegetation and climate from Late Quaternary Thimi Formation (Phaidhoka Section), Bhaktapur, Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Deepak Banjade ◽  
Kabir Sharma ◽  
Khum N. Paudayal
Keyword(s):  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Pollen Diagram ◽  
Formation Zone ◽  
Palynological Study ◽  
Deltaic Deposit ◽  
Warm Temperate ◽  
Vegetation And Climate

The Thimi Formation is fluvio-deltaic deposit that constitutes the uppermost part of the sedimentary sequence in the Kathmandu Basin, and is featured by carbonaceous and diatomaceous clay, silty clay, silt, fine to medium grained sand beds, and thin to medium lignite beds. The Phaidhoka Section is located on the way to Nala from Chyamasingh, and is one of the major exposures of the Thimi Formation. Forty four samples were collected from 25 m thick surface exposure for palynological study. The study revealed the dominance of gymnosperm over the angiosperm and herbaceous members. The pollen diagram suggested Pinus, Picea and Quercus as the most dominant trees whereas Poaceae is other dominant among the grasses. Three major pollen assemblage zones were marked in the Thimi Formation. Zone P-I indicated warm temperate climate, whereas zone P-II and P-III indicated cold temperate climate. Molluscan operculum in the upper part indicated shallow water condition. The Bovid molars, limb and pelvic bones from the middle part of the section confirm the early findings of molar bones in this area.

scholarly journals Palynostratigraphy and palaeoclimatic interpretation of the Plio- Pleistocene Lukundol Formation from the Kathmandu valley, Nepal

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bhandari ◽  
K. N. Paudayal
Keyword(s):  
Middle Part ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Pollen Diagram ◽  
Formation Zone ◽  
Lowermost Part ◽  
Zone Ii ◽  
Warm Temperate ◽  
Lacustrine Deposit

The Lukundol Formation, a fluvio-lacustrine deposit, constituting the lowermost part of the sedimentary sequence in the Kathmandu valley, is made up of conglomerates in its basal part; thick beds of carbonaceous clay, lignite, silt and sand in the middle part; interbedded clay and gravel in the upper part; and very thick beds of gravel in the uppermost part. Its exposure in the Khahare Khola, near the Lukundol village, is about 205 m thick. The palynostratigraphy of the Lukundol Formation revealed the dominance of gymnosperms over the angiosperms and herbaceous members. In the pollen diagram, Pinus and Quercus are the predominant taxa whereas Castanopsis and Oleaceae are the next dominant ones. Three fossil pollen zones were differentiated in the Lukundol Formation. Zone I indicates a subtropical climate, zone II belongs to a warm temperate climate, and zone III represents a subtropical to warm-temperate climate.

A palynological study of postglacial vegetation changes in the University Research Forest, southwestern British Columbia

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 2085-2103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf W. Mathewes
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Vegetation Change ◽  
Vegetation History ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Pollen Diagram ◽  
History Of ◽  
Palynological Study ◽  
The University

The postglacial vegetation history of the University of British Columbia Research Forest was investigated using percentage and absolute pollen analysis, macrofossil analysis, and radiocarbon dating. A marine silty clay deposit records the oldest (12 690 ± 190 years before present (B.P.)) assemblage of terrestrial plant remains so far recovered from the postglacial of south-coastal British Columbia. Lodge-pole pine (Pinus contorta) dominated this early vegetation, although some Abies, Picea, Alnus, and herbs were also present. Sediment cores from two lakes were also studied. The older is Marion Lake, where five pollen assemblage zones are recognized, beginning with a previously undescribed assemblage of Pinus contorta, Salix, and Shepherdia in clay older than 12 350 ± 190 B.P. The pollen diagram from Surprise Lake (11 230 ± 230 B.P.) is divided into three pollen zones which show the same major trends of vegetation change as the Marion Lake diagram.The first report of the postglacial vegetation history of cedar (Thuja and perhaps Chamaecyparis) in southwestern British Columbia is presented from pollen and macrofossil analyses.At about 10 500 B.P. in both lakes, pollen of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) began a rapid increase, probably in response to climatic amelioration. The palynological evidence, supported by well-preserved bryophyte subfossils, suggests that humid coastal conditions have prevailed in the study area since about 10 500 B.P., with virtually no evidence for a classical Hypsithermal interval between 8500 B.P. and 3000 B.P.

scholarly journals Late Pleistocene plant macro-fossils from the Gokarna Formation of the Kathmandu Valley, Central Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 75-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudarshan Bhandari ◽  
Arata Momohara ◽  
Khum N Paudayal
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Silty Sand ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
The Common ◽  
Warm Temperate

The Kathmandu Valley offers the best archive to study the Late Pleistocene climate in Nepal. The Gokarna Formation, constituting the middle part of the sedimentary sequence of the Kathmandu Valley comprises alternating layers of carbonaceous clay, silt, massive to parallel and large scale cross stratified, fine to coarse grained sands and occasional gravel layers, deposited at fluvio-deltaic and lacustrine environment. The organic rich layers of clay, silt, silty-sand and micaceous fine sand consists of abundant plant macro-fossils (fruit, seed and leaves). Plant macrofossils assemblage from the Gokarna Formation (thickness 28.5 m, Dhapasi section) in the northern part of the valley consists of 56 taxa from 35 families. Depending upon the available plant, seven macrofossil assemblages, DS-I to DS-VII in ascending order were established. The common tree and shrubs discovered from this section were Eurya, Ficus, Carpinus, Quercus, Alnus, Rubus, Pyracantha, Zizyphus, Carpinus, Boehmeria etc. Carex, Scirpus triqueter, Scirpus, Polygonum, Euphorbia, Oxalis, Mosla, Viola etc. were the common herbaceous taxa. The constant occurrence of subtropical and warm temperate taxa including Eurya, Ficus, Pyracantha and Zizyphus indicated that subtropical and warm temperate climate continued during the deposition of those macrofossil assemblages. However change in the constituents of those taxa and occurrence of taxa indicating cooler climatic condition like conifers and Betula may indicate minor fluctuation of climate during the deposition of the Gokarna Formation.   doi: 10.3126/bdg.v12i0.2252 Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Vol. 12, 2009, pp. 75-88

Late Quaternary Vegetation and Early Holocene Quantitative Climate Estimates from Morwell Swamp, Latrobe Valley, South-eastern Australia

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 549 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Lloyd ◽  
A. P. Kershaw
Keyword(s):  
Late Quaternary ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Pollen Diagram ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Brasenia Schreberi ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Vegetation And Climate ◽  
South Eastern Australia

A pollen diagram from Morwell Swamp provides a record of vegetation and climate through the Holocene period while the application of a bioclimatic analysis of the aquatic species Brasenia schreberi to the occurrence of its pollen in the record allows the first quantitative reconstruction of early Holocene climate from mainland south-eastern Australia. The beginning of the Holocene, c. 10000 years before present (BP), was marked by the establishment of permanent water within the basin and an expansion of forest under conditions of increasing precipitation and probably also temperature. The early Holocene forests were dominated by Casuarinaceae, a situation typical of lowland south-eastern Australia. The presence of Brasenia schreberi Gmel., a species now restricted to lower latitudes, suggests that, by c. 9000 years BP, mean annual temperatures had risen to slighly above today’s values, while summer temperatures may have been at least 1.3˚C higher. These results are surprising considering that most previous evidence has suggested that optimal climatic conditions were achieved between about 7000 and 5000 years ago, and that radiation levels are predicted, from Milankovitch forcing, to have been lower than today at this time in the Southern Hemisphere. It is clearly necessary to be somewhat cautious about the wholescale acceptance of the quantitative values at this stage, although they are not contradicted by other palynological data. Subsequent regional increases in the wetter forest elements, Nothofagus and Pomaderris, indicate a middle Holocene peak in precipitation, although it is estimated, from a bioclimatic analysis of Nothofagus, that summer temperatures had become substantially lower than today. This lowering may have been due to a local or regional increase in cloud cover. There is evidence for minor variation in vegetation and climate within the late Holocene, which is consistent with evidence from elsewhere within the region.

Evaluation of the allergenicity of various types of urban parks in a warm temperate climate zone

Aerobiologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Kasprzyk ◽  
T. Wójcik ◽  
P. Cariñanos ◽  
K. Borycka ◽  
A. Ćwik
Keyword(s):  
Urban Parks ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Climate Zone ◽  
Warm Temperate ◽  
Temperate Climate Zone

Optical properties of traditional clay tiles for ventilated roofs and implication on roof thermal performance

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 484-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Di Giuseppe ◽  
Simona Sabbatini ◽  
Nikita Cozzolino ◽  
Pierluigi Stipa ◽  
Marco D’Orazio
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
Indoor Comfort ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Clay Tiles ◽  
Warm Temperate

A remarkable advantage of clay tiles roof coverings in hot climates is the realization of a ventilated air layer between them and the roofing underlay that allows a natural and forced convection through the tiles joints and the channel from eaves to ridge, thus cooling the roof materials. However recently, in many countries, regulatory developments on buildings energy efficiency or buildings sustainability certification protocols are increasingly encouraging the use of alternative strategies, with the aim of reducing the urban heat island (UHI) effect and the buildings’ cooling consumptions. Among them, the use of ‘cool’ materials for roof covering. These mandatory or voluntary measures de facto push the construction products market towards specific directions, risking penalizing traditional components such as clay tiles. This article reports the results of experimental and numerical activities carried out in order to extensively characterize the optical properties of clay tile materials and investigate their impact, also coupled with above sheathing ventilation, on the thermal performance of a ventilated roof under warm-temperate climate. In the first phase of the research, the main optical properties of over 30 different clay products have been experimentally characterized in order to get a clear and extensive picture of such properties for the materials spread in the market. In a second phase, starting from the thermal data collected on an experimental real-scale building, a dynamic energy analysis tool was calibrated and used to perform simulations by varying the optical properties of the roof covering thus assessing the impact on the roof temperatures, also in comparison to a clay tiles roof. The results underline that the use of the above sheathing ventilation obtained through clay tiles is an effective strategy to reduce roof temperatures, even if covering materials are not qualified as ‘cool’, thus impacting on both UHI and indoor comfort.

Paleoecology in the Pacific Northwest I. Late Quaternary vegetation and climate

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 730-737
Author(s):  
Matsuo Tsukada ◽  
Shinya Sugita ◽  
Dennis M. Hibbert
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Late Quaternary ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Vegetation And Climate

scholarly journals Evaluation of two earth–air heat exchangers efficiency of different pipe materials within a warm temperate climate

2020 ◽  
Vol 307 ◽  
pp. 01028
Author(s):  
Mohammed Cherif LEKHAL ◽  
Abderahmane Mejedoub MOKHTARI ◽  
Rafik BELARBI
Keyword(s):  
Energy Performance ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Pipe Material ◽  
Cooling Mode ◽  
The North ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Principal Factors ◽  
Warm Temperate

The Earth-Air Heat Exchanger (EAHE) system was used for many years for both primary heating and cooling applications, especially in the building sector. Its energy performance can be influenced by three principal factors: the EAHE pipe material, the airflow rate, the soil characteristics and the moisture content. The state of the art shows a divergence about the effect of the pipe material on the performance of the EAHE. The aim of this study is to provide an adequate response to this problematic based on experimental analysis. In this regard, we tested two EAHEX of different materials: PVC and Zinc. The comparative study was conducted under a warm temperate climate in the north of Algeria. The data analyses showed that the pipe material can significantly affect the EAHE performance during periods when the EAHE passes from heating to cooling mode. Furthermore, the air outlet temperature differences provided by EAHE Zinc and those of PVC up to about 7.5°C.

scholarly journals Technical Note: Comparing and ranking soil drought indices performance over Europe, through remote-sensing of vegetation

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Peled ◽  
E. Dutra ◽  
P. Viterbo ◽  
A. Angert
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Drought Index ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
The Past ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Global Soil ◽  
Warm Temperate

Abstract. In the past years there have been many attempts to produce and improve global soil-moisture datasets and drought indices. However, comparing and validating these various datasets is not straightforward. Here, interannual variations in drought indices are compared to interannual changes in vegetation, as captured by NDVI. By comparing the correlations of the different indices with NDVI we evaluated which drought index describes most realistically the actual changes in vegetation. Strong correlation between NDVI and the drought indices were found in areas that are classified as warm temperate climate with hot or warm dry summers. In these areas we ranked the PDSI, PSDI-SC, SPI3, and NSM indices, based on the interannual correlation with NDVI, and found that NSM outperformed the rest. Using this best performing index, and the ICA (Independent Component Analysis) technique, we analyzed the response of vegetation to temperature and soil-moisture stresses over Europe.

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