Influence of parental rye on the development of embryos and endosperm of wheat–rye hybrids

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 386-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Taira ◽  
T. Lelley ◽  
E. N. Larter
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Genetic Interaction ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Endosperm Development ◽  
Normal Embryo ◽  
Endosperm Tissue ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Meiotic Stability

Seven lines of rye (Secale cereale L.), six inbred (S9) and one open-pollinated, were used as pollen parents in crosses with two tetraploid wheat strains (Triticum turgidum var. durum cvs. 'Jori' and 'Langdon'). The rye lines were of diverse genetic background and exhibited significant differences in meiotic stability as measured by frequencies of chiasmata and univalent formation. The rate and extent of development of the embryo and endosperm tissue of hybrid ovules were not influenced by the level of meiotic stability of the rye parent, but rather by a genetic interaction between a specific rye genotype and wheat. This was indicated by the significant differences obtained in the frequency of normal embryo formation when different rye lines were used as parents in crosses to a common wheat cultivar. The specific effect of the wheat genotype on the mean seedset was shown by the significant differences obtained when different wheat cultivars were crossed with a given set of rye genotypes under the same environmental conditions. The prevailing ambient temperature significantly affected hybrid embryo and endosperm development in vivo.

The effects of variation in ambient temperature alone and in combination with ε-amino-n-caproic acid on development of embryos from wheat–rye crosses (T. turgidum var. durum cv. Jori × S. cereale)

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (17) ◽  
pp. 2335-2337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoaki Taira ◽  
E. N. Larter
Keyword(s):  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Caproic Acid ◽  
Endosperm Development ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Hybrid Embryo ◽  
Secale Cereale L

A study was made on the effect of various temperature regimes on the in vivo development of hybrid embryos from crosses between tetraploid wheat (T. turgidum L. var. durum cv. Jori) and an inbred rye (Secale cereale L.). A day–night temperature of 17–17 °C was found to be optimum for development of embryos as classified on the basis of their morphological features and their level of totipotency in vitro. The application of ε-amino-n-caproic acid (EACA) to the female parent (tetraploid wheat) daily for a 10-day period during embryogenesis significantly improved embryo development but not independently of temperature regime. Both temperature and EACA effects were manifested by increased growth and differentiation of the hybrid embryo; endosperm development was unaffected by treatment.

THE DURATION OF MEIOSIS IN A DIPLOID RYE, A TETRAPLOID WHEAT AND THE HEXAPLOID TRITICALE DERIVED FROM THEM

1973 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Bennett ◽  
P. J. Kaltsikes
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Development ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Relative Effect ◽  
Hexaploid Triticale ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Meiotic Stability ◽  
Mother Cells

Meiosis and pollen development were timed in diploid rye, Secale cereale L. cv. Prolific; tetraploid wheat, Triticum turgidum L. var. durum cv. Stewart; and a hexaploid, Triticale hexaploide cv. 6A190, derived from them. At 20 C the duration of meiosis was about 51 hr in Prolific rye, 31 hr in Stewart wheat, and 37 hr in 6A190 triticale. Pollen development at 20 C lasted about 16 days in Prolific rye, about 9.5 days in Stewart wheat, and about 10 days in 6A190 triticale. These times are in close agreement with estimates previously made for diploid rye, cv. Petkus Spring; tetraploid Triticum dicoccum; and hexaploid triticale cv. RosnerThe high nuclear DNA content of rye pollen mother cells (PMC's) determines a longer meiotic time in both diploid and tetraploid rye than that determined by the lower nuclear DNA contents of PMC's in diploid and tetraploid wheat. The data available may be interpreted to indicate that the relative effect of the wheat and rye genomes in determining the rate of meiotic development in wheat/rye amphiploids varies according to the ratio of wheat to rye genomes. In diploid and tetraploid rye and in 6A190 triticale the proportion of the total meiotic time taken by zygotene and pachytene together (about 40%) differs from the proportion of meiosis which they take in hexaploid wheat and octoploid triticale (about 25%). This difference may be causally correlated with differences between the meiotic stability of rye chromosomes in wheat/rye amphidiploids at the hexaploid and octoploid levels.

A comparative study of the changes of peroxidase patterns during wheat, rye, and triticale kernel maturation

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 825-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Asíns ◽  
C. Benito ◽  
M. Pérez de la Vega
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Characteristic Pattern ◽  
Hexaploid Triticale ◽  
Electrophoretic Patterns ◽  
Secale Cereale L

A comparative study on the electrophoretic patterns of embryo plus scutellum, endosperm, and internal and external coats of rye (Secale cereale L. and Secale vavilovii Grossh.), tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum L. durum), and hexaploid Triticale during kernel maturation has been carried out. Each kernel part of each species showed a characteristic pattern, and slow pattern changes from the beginning of the study (5 days after pollination) until kernels reached maturity (dry kernels) were observed. The triticale peroxidase patterns were very similar to tetraploid wheat patterns, and only few rye isozymes were clearly observed, probably due to overlapping with wheat isozymes. The possible influence of rye genome on the expression of wheat isozymes in triticale is also discussed.

Effects of ε-amino-n-caproic acid and L-lysine on the development of hybrid embryos of triticale (× Triticosecale)

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (17) ◽  
pp. 2330-2334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoaki Taira ◽  
E. N. Larter
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Caproic Acid ◽  
Physiological Barrier ◽  
Hybrid Embryo ◽  
Wheat Parent

The injection of either ε-amino-n-caproic acid (EACA) or L-lysine–HCl into the tetraploid wheat parent (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum cv. Jori) as early as 1 day after pollination with rye (Secale sp.) significantly enhanced the development of hybrid embryos in vivo. The success with which the embryos could be artificially cultured was improved accordingly. One millilitre of either compound applied at 1.0 mg/ml concentration resulted in a significant increase in the frequency of normal-appearing embryos. It is concluded that the application of EACA or its analogue L-lysine could be used in a hybridization program involving certain strains of wheat and rye to partially overcome the physiological barrier to hybrid embryo development.

A comparative study of the changes of peroxidase patterns during wheat, rye, and triticale germination

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 3393-3398 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Asíns ◽  
C. Benito ◽  
M. Pérez de la Vega
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hexaploid Triticale ◽  
Peroxidase Isozymes ◽  
Secale Cereale L

A comparative study on the electrophoretic peroxidase patterns of rye (Secale cereale L.), tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum L. durum), hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and hexaploid Triticale during kernel germination has been carried out. Endosperm, embryo, coleoptile, and the first leaf have been analyzed. A drastic change in peroxidase patterns was observed during the first hours of germination in all the materials studied. The triticale peroxidase patterns were similar to tetraploid wheat female parent patterns. The chromosomal locations of two leaf peroxidase isozymes of hexaploid wheat 'Chinese Spring' are also reported. These two isozymes, C9 and C10, are associated with chromosome arms 3DS and 7DS, respectively.

The Effects of Heparin and Annexin V on Fibrin Accretion after Injury in the Jugular Veins of Rabbits

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (03) ◽  
pp. 227-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Van Ryn-McKenna ◽  
H Merk ◽  
T H Müller ◽  
M R Buchanan ◽  
W G Eisert
Keyword(s):  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Thrombin Generation ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Jugular Veins ◽  
Prothrombinase Complex ◽  
Wall Injury

SummaryWe compared the relative abilities of unfractionated heparin and annexin V to prevent fibrin accretion onto injured jugular veins in vivo. Heparin was used to accelerate the inhibition of thrombin by antithrombin III, and annexin V was used to inhibit the assembly of the prothrombinase complex on phospholipid surfaces, thereby blocking thrombin generation. Rabbit jugular veins were isolated in situ, a 2 cm segment was injured by perfusing it with air, and then blood flow was re-established. Five minutes later, each rabbit was injected with heparin (20 U/kg) or annexin V (0.3 mg/kg) and then with 125I-fibrinogen. The amount of 125I-fibrin accumulation onto each injured vessel wall segment was measured 4 h later. Each injured vessel was completely deendothelialized as a result of the air perfusion as demonstrated by electron microscopy. 125I-fibrin accretion onto the injured jugular veins was enhanced 2.4-fold as compared to the uninjured veins in sham-operated animals. Heparin treatment did not reduce fibrin accretion, whereas, annexin V treatment decreased fibrin accretion by 60%, p <0.05. This latter effect was achieved without sustained circulating anticoagulation. Additional experiments confirmed that the inhibitory effect of annexin V on fibrin accretion was associated with a surface specific effect, since more annexin V bound to the injured jugular vein segments as compared to the non-injured jugular veins. We conclude that, i) mild vessel wall injury (selective de-endothelialization) in veins results in a thrombogenic vessel wall; ii) the thrombogenecity of which is not inhibited by prophylactic doses of heparin; but iii) is inhibited by annexin V, which binds to injured vessel wall surface, and inhibits thrombin generation independently of antithrombin III.

GLUT2 and hexokinase control proximodistal gradient of intestinal glucose metabolism in the newborn pig

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (6) ◽  
pp. G1530-G1539 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Cherbuy ◽  
B. Darcy-Vrillon ◽  
L. Posho ◽  
P. Vaugelade ◽  
M. T. Morel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Glucose Consumption ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Glucose Turnover ◽  
Proximal Jejunum ◽  
A Site

We have reported previously that a high glycolytic capacity develops soon after birth in enterocytes isolated from suckling newborn pigs. In the present work, we investigated whether such metabolic changes could affect intestinal glucose utilization in vivo and examined possible variations in glucose metabolism along the small intestine. Glucose utilization by individual tissues was assessed using the 2-deoxyglucose technique. The overall glucose utilization rate was doubled in suckling vs. fasting 2-day-old pigs because of significantly higher rates in all tissues studied, except for the brain. In parallel, enterocytes were isolated from the proximal, medium, or distal jejunoileum of newborn vs. 2-day-old pigs and assessed for their capacity to utilize, transport, and phosphorylate glucose. Intestinal glucose consumption accounted for approximately 15% of glucose turnover rate in suckling vs. 8% in fasting pigs. Moreover, there was a proximal-to-distal gradient of glucose utilization in the intestinal mucosa of suckling pigs. Such a gradient was also evidenced on isolated enterocytes. The stimulation of both hexokinase activity (HK2 isoform) and basolateral glucose transporter (GLUT2), as observed in the proximal jejunum, could account for such a site-specific effect of suckling.

scholarly journals A Region of the Myosin Rod Important for Interaction With Paramyosin in Caenorhabditis elegans Striated Muscle

Genetics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 156 (2) ◽  
pp. 631-643
Author(s):  
Pamela E Hoppe ◽  
Robert H Waterston
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Molecular Interaction ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Genetic Interaction ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Thick Filament ◽  
Parallel Arrangement ◽  
Myosin Rod

Abstract The precise arrangement of molecules within the thick filament, as well as the mechanisms by which this arrangement is specified, remains unclear. In this article, we have exploited a unique genetic interaction between one isoform of myosin heavy chain (MHC) and paramyosin in Caenorhabditis elegans to probe the molecular interaction between MHC and paramyosin in vivo. Using chimeric myosin constructs, we have defined a 322-residue region of the MHC A rod critical for suppression of the structural and motility defects associated with the unc-15(e73) allele. Chimeric constructs lacking this region of MHC A either fail to suppress, or act as dominant enhancers of, the e73 phenotype. Although the 322-residue region is required for suppression activity, our data suggest that sequences along the length of the rod also play a role in the isoform-specific interaction between MHC A and paramyosin. Our genetic and cell biological analyses of construct behavior suggest that the 322-residue region of MHC A is important for thick filament stability. We present a model in which this region mediates an avid interaction between MHC A and paramyosin in parallel arrangement in formation of the filament arms.

scholarly journals The AF-6 Homolog Canoe Acts as a Rap1 Effector During Dorsal Closure of the Drosophila Embryo

Genetics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 165 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-169
Author(s):  
Benjamin Boettner ◽  
Phoebe Harjes ◽  
Satoshi Ishimaru ◽  
Michael Heke ◽  
Hong Qing Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Genetic Interaction ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Adherens Junction ◽  
Small Gtpases ◽  
Drosophila Embryo ◽  
Dorsal Closure ◽  
Cell Sheets ◽  
Jnk Pathway

Abstract Rap1 belongs to the highly conserved Ras subfamily of small GTPases. In Drosophila, Rap1 plays a critical role in many different morphogenetic processes, but the molecular mechanisms executing its function are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that Canoe (Cno), the Drosophila homolog of mammalian junctional protein AF-6, acts as an effector of Rap1 in vivo. Cno binds to the activated form of Rap1 in a yeast two-hybrid assay, the two molecules colocalize to the adherens junction, and they display very similar phenotypes in embryonic dorsal closure (DC), a process that relies on the elongation and migration of epithelial cell sheets. Genetic interaction experiments show that Rap1 and Cno act in the same molecular pathway during DC and that the function of both molecules in DC depends on their ability to interact. We further show that Rap1 acts upstream of Cno, but that Rap1, unlike Cno, is not involved in the stimulation of JNK pathway activity, indicating that Cno has both a Rap1-dependent and a Rap1-independent function in the DC process.

scholarly journals Function and evolution of allelic variation of Sr13 conferring resistance to stem rust in tetraploid wheat ( Triticum turgidum L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baljeet K. Gill ◽  
Daryl L. Klindworth ◽  
Matthew N. Rouse ◽  
Jinglun Zhang ◽  
Qijun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Tetraploid Wheat
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