Nitrate modification of photosynthesis and photoassimilate export in young nodulated soybean plants

Soybean plants (cv. Harosoy 63) inoculated with rhizobia were germinated from seed and beginning on day 7 after planting were subjected to one of four patterns of nutrient fertilization. One group received a nutrient solution containing 5 mM nitrate, a second group received nitrate-free nutrient solution, and two other groups received nitrate-containing solution either from days 7 to 13 or from days 14 to 20. On day 21 rates of leaf photosynthetic CO2 uptake and nitrate reductase activity were measured, as well as the capacities of the leaf to export recent photosynthate and of the nodules to reduce acetylene. The data support the hypothesis that sufficient nitrate availability in the leaves of young soybean plants can modify both photosynthetic CO2 uptake and light-mediated photoassimilate export to an extent that nodule development and the capacity for nitrogen fixation are reduced.

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Phenotypic reversion of nitrogenase in pleiotropic mutants of Rhizobium meliloti

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m79-048 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 298-301 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ilona Barabás ◽

Tibor Sik

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Nitrate Reductase ◽

Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽

Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Rhizobium Meliloti ◽

Nitrogenase Activity ◽

Reductase Activity ◽

Amino Acid Utilization ◽

Phenotypic Reversion

In two out of three pleiotropic mutants of Rhizobium meliloti, defective in nitrate reductase induced by amino acid utilization in vegetative bacteria and in symbiotic nitrogen fixation, nitrogenase activity could be restored completely by purines and partially by the amino acids L-glutamate, L-aspartate, L-glutamine, and L-asparagine. The compounds restoring effectiveness in nitrogen fixation did not restore nitrate reductase activity in vegetative bacteria. The restoration of effectiveness supports our earlier conclusion that the mutation is not in the structural gene for a suggested common subunit of nitrogenase and nitrate reductase.

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In situ nitrate reductase activity as an indicator of nitrate availability

Plant and Soil ◽

10.1007/bf02370917 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 102 (1) ◽

pp. 145-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

L. Passama ◽

A. Gojon ◽

P. Robin ◽

L. Salsac

Keyword(s):

Nitrate Reductase ◽

Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽

Reductase Activity ◽

Nitrate Availability

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Nitrate reductase activity and oxalate content of sugar-beet leaves.

Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.18174/njas.v20i3.17282 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 193-198

Author(s):

F. van Egmond ◽

H. Breteler

Keyword(s):

Nitrate Reductase ◽

Sugar Beet ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽

Reductase Activity ◽

Substantial Effect ◽

Controlled Environment ◽

Nitrate N ◽

Carboxylate Content ◽

The Difference

Diploid sugar beet was grown in controlled environment at 25/17 deg C in 14-h photoperiods in well aerated, regularly changed nutrient solution containing 6 meq NO3/l. When 6 leaves had been expanded, the total carboxylate content of the oldest leaf (leaf 1) was found to be 5836 meq/kg DM, while that of leaf 6 was only 2312 meq/kg; the difference was mainly due to oxalate content, which was 5236 meq/kg in leaf 1 and 1744 meq/kg in leaf 6. Nitrate-N content was about 50% higher in leaf 1 than in leaf 4. Nitrate-reductase activity fell to very low values as leaves aged. Experiments in which young and old leaf material was mixed, or oxalate at 0-4000 meq/kg DM was added to leaf samples, showed that oxalate had no substantial effect on nitrate-reductase activity. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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Plant nitrate reductase activity as an indicator of availability of nitrate in forest soils

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x86-207 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. 1165-1169 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

P. Högberg ◽

A. Granström ◽

T. Johansson ◽

A. Lundmark-Thelin ◽

T. Näsholm

Keyword(s):

Nitrate Reductase ◽

Forest Soils ◽

Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽

Time Course ◽

Reductase Activity ◽

Vegetation Period ◽

Grass Species ◽

Clear Cut ◽

Nitrate Availability ◽

Positive Linear Correlation

The nitrate reductase activity of Deschampsiaflexuosa (L.) Trin., an evergreen grass species common in northern coniferous forests, was tested as an indicator of nitrate availability in forest soils. A positive linear correlation (correlation coefficient significantly different from zero, p < 0.01) was found between nitrate supply and nitrate reductase activity in shoots of seedlings in sand cultures. Throughout a vegetation period the nitrate reductase activity of D. flexuosa was constantly 2–16 times higher in a clear-cut area as compared with an adjacent forest. High enzyme activity, however, indicated significant amounts of nitrate also in the forest during spring and autumn. On plots heavily fertilized with urea the nitrate reductase activity was up to three times higher than on control plots, which suggests considerable nitrate formation on the former. The plant nitrate reductase activity method seemed to be an inexpensive, rapid, nondisturbing, semiquantitative indicator of nitrate availability in soils, particularly for time-course studies and in comparisons between experimental plots. Tests of maximal induction of nitrate reductase activity can reveal to what extent factors other than the supply of nitrate are limiting the activity.

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Nitrogen assimilation and nitrate reductase activity in tomato seedlings. II. Effect of increasing calcium doses in the presence of high magnesium concentrations on nitrate reduction and protein content

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.1977.020 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 275-283

Author(s):

A. Suder-Moraw ◽

J. Buczek

Keyword(s):

Nitrate Reductase ◽

Protein Content ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽

Calcium Concentration ◽

Nitrogen Assimilation ◽

Reductase Activity ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Tomato Seedlings ◽

Excessive Accumulation

A 3:30 Ca:Mg ratio in the nutrient solution produces in tomato seedlings symptoms of Ca2+ deficit owing to excessive accumulation of Mg2+ ions and the depressed Ca2+ accumulation. As a result of this a decrease in dry weight increment and protein content is observed together with inhibition of nitrate reductase activity. A doubled Ca2+ dose in the nutrient solution, that is a change in the Ca:Mg ratio to 6:30 abolishes the external symptoms of Ca2+ deficit and reduces Mg2+ accumulation, that of Ca2+ ions remaining unchanged. At the same time an enhanced activity of nitrate reductase appears, reaching values close to those in control plants. Tomato seedlings grown on a 3-fold increased Ca2+ dose (Ca:Mg = 9:30) did not differ at all from the control ones. An in-crease in calcium concentration in the nutrient solution, the high magnesium dose remaining unchanged, causes enhanced K+ accumulation, and this may affect nitrate absorption and reduction. It would seem that Ca2+ deficit in plant tissues induced by excessive Mg2+ accumulation with unsuitable Ca:Mg ratio in the nutrient solution in cause of disorders in NO3 nitrogen assimilation.

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NITRATE AVAILABILITY UNDER LOW IRRADIANCE AND ITS EFFECT ON NITRATE REDUCTASE ACTIVITY

New Phytologist ◽

10.1111/j.1469-8137.1981.tb01725.x ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 88 (2) ◽

pp. 289-297 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

M. UDAYAKUMAR ◽

R. DEVENDRA ◽

V. SREENIVASA REDDY ◽

K. S. KRISHNA SASTRY

Keyword(s):

Nitrate Reductase ◽

Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽

Reductase Activity ◽

Nitrate Availability

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Nitrate reductase activities of rhizobia and the correlation between nitrate reduction and nitrogen fixation

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m79-181 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 25 (10) ◽

pp. 1169-1174 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

James R. Manhart ◽

Peter P. Wong

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Nitrate Reductase ◽

Nitrate Reduction ◽

Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽

Reductase Activity ◽

Root Nodules ◽

Sole Source ◽

Rhizobium Japonicum ◽

Rhizobium Trifolii ◽

Rhizobium Species

All species of Rhizobium except R. lupini had nitrate reductase activity. Only R. lupini was incapable of growth with nitrate as the sole source of nitrogen. However, the conditions necessary for the induction of nitrate reductase varied among species of Rhizobium. Rhizobium japonicum and some Rhizobium species of the cowpea strains expressed nitrate reductase activities both in the root nodules of appropriate leguminous hosts and when grown in the presence of nitrate. Rhizobium trifolii, R. phaseoli, and R. legnminosarum did not express nitrate reductase activities in the root nodules, but they did express them when grown in the presence of nitrate. In bacteroids of R. japonicum and some strains of cowpea Rhizobium, high N2 fixation activities were accompanied by high nitrate reductase activities. In bacteroids of R. trifolii, R. leguminosarum, and R. phaseoli, high N2 fixation activities were not accompanied by high nitrate reductase activities.

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Effect of Low Nitrate Supply on Nitrogen Fixation in Alfalfa Root Nodules Induced by Rhizobium meliloti Strains with Varied Nitrate Reductase Activity

Journal of Plant Physiology ◽

10.1016/s0176-1617(89)80178-6 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 135 (2) ◽

pp. 207-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Cesáreo Arrese-Igor ◽

José M. Estavillo ◽

José I. Peña ◽

Carmen Gonzalez-Murua ◽

Pedro M. Aparicio-Tejo

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Nitrate Reductase ◽

Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽

Rhizobium Meliloti ◽

Reductase Activity ◽

Root Nodules ◽

Nitrate Supply ◽

Alfalfa Root

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Effect of NaCI and supplemental calcium on growth parameters and nitrate reductase activity in maize

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.2005.016 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 74 (2) ◽

pp. 119-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Elżbieta Sacała ◽

Agnieszka Biegun ◽

Anna Demczuk ◽

Edward Grzyś

Keyword(s):

Nitrate Reductase ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Reductase Activity ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growth Responses ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Maize Varieties

In this study, investigated were the effects of NaCl (60 mmol/dm-3) and NaCl supplemented with different salts (5 mmol/dm-3 CaCl2, CaSO4, CaCO3, KCl), on growth of two maize varieties (Cyrkon and Limko). After 7 days of cultivation in nutrient solution the growth response to salinity of both maize varieties was similar. NaCl led to a dramatic decrease in growth of plants (approx. 50% reduction in fresh and dry weight of root, and 70% reduction in fresh weight of shoot). Addition of extra Ca2+ or K+ to nutrient solution containing NaCl did not definitely improve the growth parameters of maize. However, among the tested salts, CaCl2 had a beneficial visual effect on maize seedlings. In other cases the plants showed noticeable symptoms of salt damage. In long term exposure to salinity (two weeks) growth of Cyrkon was more inhibited than Limko. Comparison of growth responses in short-term exposure to salinity (7 days) with long-term (14 days) showed that in Cyrkon variety the negative effects of NaCl were intensified and addition of CaCl2 to salinized solution had not positive effects on growth. On the contrary, in Limko variety, there was a significant improvement in growth (especially in root dry weight). This fact indicates that during longer exposure to salinity Limko was able to adapt to those conditions. Salinity caused a significant decrease in leaf nitrate reductase activity (60% and 30% reduction respectively in Limko and Cyrkon). Addition of CaCl2 to salinized nutrient solution resulted in greater enzyme inhibition in Cyrkon (50% decline in relation to plants grown under sole NaCl), and 30% increase in Limko. Inhibition of nitrate reductase activity did not cause a decrease in concentration of soluble protein in maize leaves.

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Nitrate reductase activity and yield of dry mass and protein content in cucumber seedlings supplied with nitrates and ammonium

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.1979.037 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 465-471 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J. Buczek ◽

M. Burzyński

Keyword(s):

Nitrate Reductase ◽

Protein Content ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽

Reductase Activity ◽

Sole Source ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Cucumber Seedlings ◽

Nr Activity

The presence of NH4+ ions in a nutrient solution containing NH4NO3 with the K+ ions removed, caused an inhibition of nitrate reductase (NR) activity in cucumber leaves. The lack of K+ in a NaNO3 medium also decreased the NR activity. Addition of K+ to these media suppressed the inhibitory effect of NH4+ and enhanced the NR activity in the leaves of plants growing in NaNO3 nutrient solution. The results suggest that K+ is essential for NO3- reduction, Na+ is less effective in this process, whereas NH4+ ions markedly inhibit NO3- reduction. The protein content and increment of dry mass of cucumber plants grown 10 days with NH4-N as the sole source of nitrogen was significantly lower as compared with NO3-N supplied plants feed with plants feed with both forms of mineral nitrogen (NH4NO3). The results show that cucumber prefers the nitrates, although it can utilize the ammonium form of nitrogen.

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