scholarly journals Nitrogen assimilation and nitrate reductase activity in tomato seedlings. II. Effect of increasing calcium doses in the presence of high magnesium concentrations on nitrate reduction and protein content

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-283
Author(s):  
A. Suder-Moraw ◽  
J. Buczek
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Assimilation ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Excessive Accumulation

A 3:30 Ca:Mg ratio in the nutrient solution produces in tomato seedlings symptoms of Ca<sup>2+</sup> deficit owing to excessive accumulation of Mg<sup>2+</sup> ions and the depressed Ca<sup>2+</sup> accumulation. As a result of this a decrease in dry weight increment and protein content is observed together with inhibition of nitrate reductase activity. A doubled Ca<sup>2+</sup> dose in the nutrient solution, that is a change in the Ca:Mg ratio to 6:30 abolishes the external symptoms of Ca<sup>2+</sup> deficit and reduces Mg<sup>2+</sup> accumulation, that of Ca<sup>2+</sup> ions remaining unchanged. At the same time an enhanced activity of nitrate reductase appears, reaching values close to those in control plants. Tomato seedlings grown on a 3-fold increased Ca<sup>2+</sup> dose (Ca:Mg = 9:30) did not differ at all from the control ones. An in-crease in calcium concentration in the nutrient solution, the high magnesium dose remaining unchanged, causes enhanced K<sup>+</sup> accumulation, and this may affect nitrate absorption and reduction. It would seem that Ca<sup>2+</sup> deficit in plant tissues induced by excessive Mg<sup>2+</sup> accumulation with unsuitable Ca:Mg ratio in the nutrient solution in cause of disorders in NO<sub>3</sub> nitrogen assimilation.

scholarly journals Effect of NaCI and supplemental calcium on growth parameters and nitrate reductase activity in maize

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Sacała ◽  
Agnieszka Biegun ◽  
Anna Demczuk ◽  
Edward Grzyś
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Maize Varieties

In this study, investigated were the effects of NaCl (60 mmol/dm<sup>-3</sup>) and NaCl supplemented with different salts (5 mmol/dm<sup>-3</sup> CaCl<sub>2</sub>, CaSO<sub>4</sub>, CaCO<sub>3</sub>, KCl), on growth of two maize varieties (Cyrkon and Limko). After 7 days of cultivation in nutrient solution the growth response to salinity of both maize varieties was similar. NaCl led to a dramatic decrease in growth of plants (approx. 50% reduction in fresh and dry weight of root, and 70% reduction in fresh weight of shoot). Addition of extra Ca<sup>2+</sup> or K<sup>+</sup> to nutrient solution containing NaCl did not definitely improve the growth parameters of maize. However, among the tested salts, CaCl<sub>2</sub> had a beneficial visual effect on maize seedlings. In other cases the plants showed noticeable symptoms of salt damage. In long term exposure to salinity (two weeks) growth of Cyrkon was more inhibited than Limko. Comparison of growth responses in short-term exposure to salinity (7 days) with long-term (14 days) showed that in Cyrkon variety the negative effects of NaCl were intensified and addition of CaCl<sub>2</sub> to salinized solution had not positive effects on growth. On the contrary, in Limko variety, there was a significant improvement in growth (especially in root dry weight). This fact indicates that during longer exposure to salinity Limko was able to adapt to those conditions. Salinity caused a significant decrease in leaf nitrate reductase activity (60% and 30% reduction respectively in Limko and Cyrkon). Addition of CaCl<sub>2</sub> to salinized nutrient solution resulted in greater enzyme inhibition in Cyrkon (50% decline in relation to plants grown under sole NaCl), and 30% increase in Limko. Inhibition of nitrate reductase activity did not cause a decrease in concentration of soluble protein in maize leaves.

scholarly journals Nitrogen assimilation and nitrate reductase activity in tomato seedlings. I. Comparative studies on the influence of the Ca:Mg ratio on nitrogen metabolism in relation to absorption of nitrates or ammonium salts

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-273
Author(s):  
A. Suder-Moraw ◽  
J. Buczek
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Nitrogen Assimilation ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Nitrate Assimilation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Simultaneous Reduction ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Activity Inhibition ◽  
Weight Increment ◽  
Nr Activity

A change in the Ca:Mg ratio in the nutrient solution from the value optimal for tomato growth (3:1) to an unsuitable value (3:30) increases several times Mg<sup>2+</sup> accumulation with simultaneous reduction of Ca<sup>2+</sup> accumulation independently from the absorption of mineral nitrogen from, viz. NO<sub>3</sub> - or NH<sub>4</sub>,- ions. Tomato seedlings receiving nitrogen in the form of NH<sub>4</sub> show a complete tolerance to the unsuitable Ca:Mg ratio in the nutrient solution, whereas those supplied with NO<sub>3</sub> react by growth inhibition, reduced dry weight increment and protein weight and inhibition of nitrogen reductase (NR) activity. It is suggested that the reaction of plants to an excess of Mg<sup>2+</sup> in the nutrient solution in relation to Ca<sup>2+</sup> depends above all on the form in which nitrogen is supplied to the plants. It was found that the reduction of dry weight increment and protein synthesis preceded in time NR activity inhibition. Accumulation of excess Mg<sup>2+</sup> and decreased Ca<sup>2+</sup> accumulation occur rather rapidly. It is, therefore, supposed that the excess of accumulated Mg<sup>2+</sup> induces a physiological deficit of Ca<sup>2+</sup> in the tissue of plants taking up NO<sub>3</sub> nitrogen. This calcium deficit leads to inhibtion of nitrate assimilation.

scholarly journals Nitrate reductase activity and yield of dry mass and protein content in cucumber seedlings supplied with nitrates and ammonium

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Buczek ◽  
M. Burzyński
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Cucumber Seedlings ◽  
Nr Activity

The presence of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> ions in a nutrient solution containing NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub> with the K+ ions removed, caused an inhibition of nitrate reductase (NR) activity in cucumber leaves. The lack of K<sup>+</sup> in a NaNO<sub>3</sub> medium also decreased the NR activity. Addition of K<sup>+</sup> to these media suppressed the inhibitory effect of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> and enhanced the NR activity in the leaves of plants growing in NaNO<sub>3</sub> nutrient solution. The results suggest that K<sup>+</sup> is essential for NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> reduction, Na<sup>+</sup> is less effective in this process, whereas NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> ions markedly inhibit NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> reduction. The protein content and increment of dry mass of cucumber plants grown 10 days with NH<sub>4</sub>-N as the sole source of nitrogen was significantly lower as compared with NO<sub>3</sub>-N supplied plants feed with plants feed with both forms of mineral nitrogen (NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub>). The results show that cucumber prefers the nitrates, although it can utilize the ammonium form of nitrogen.

INFLUENCE DE LA TEMPERATURE DU SUBSTRAT ET DE LA FERTILISATION AZOTEE SUR LA CROISSANCE, LE DEVELOPPEMENT, LA TENEUR EN AZOTE ET L’ACTIVITE DE LA NITRATE REDUCTASE CHEZ LA TOMATE

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDRÉ GOSSELIN ◽  
FRANÇOIS-P. CHALIFOUR ◽  
MARC J. TRUDEL ◽  
GHISLAIN GENDRON
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill

We measured the effects of five root temperatures (12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 °C) and five rates of nitrogen fertilization (0, 2.5, 7.5, 22.5 and 67.5 meq N∙L−1) on growth, development, nitrogen content and nitrate reductase activity of tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ’Vendor’). The greatest root dry weight was obtained at 18 °C and 2.5 meq N∙L−1 and the highest shoot dry weight at 24 °C and 22.5 meq N∙L−1. Total fruit weight was maximum at 24 °C and 2.5 meq N∙L−1. High root temperatures and high levels of fertilization increased the number of aborted flowers and the nitrogen content of shoots, but reduced tomato yields. Nitrate reductase activity (NRA) was higher in leaves than in roots and with plants receiving 22.5 meq N∙L−1 as compared to 2.5 meq. NRA in roots decreased as temperature increased.Key words: Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., root zone temperature, nitrate reductase, nitrogen

scholarly journals Effects of Aquatic Extract from Chrysanthemum's Rhizospheric Soil on the Seed Germination and Root Enzymes

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 789E-789
Author(s):  
Kai Zhou ◽  
Weiming Guo ◽  
Zhongchun Jiang*
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rhizospheric Soil ◽  
Malondialdehyde Content

The autointoxication of chrysanthemum was studied using water extract of Dendranthema morifolium's rhizospheric soil. Results of bioassays showed that the water extract inhibited chrysanthemum seed germination and the activities of some important root enzymes. The seedling nitrate reductase activity was decreased linearly with increasing concentration of the extract. The activity of root dehydrogenase was inhibited only at the highest concentration tested [3.2 g·mL-1, dry weight (DW)], but was stimulated at a lower concentration tested (1.6 g·mL-1, DW). Malondialdehyde content increased at higher than 1.6 g·mL-1, DW concentrations of the extract. The autointoxication phenomenon might be related to the difficulties in continuous plantings of chrysanthemum at the same location.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF PURIFIED AMOUNT OF TRITERPENE GLYCOSIDES AND THEIR ENRICHED EXTRACT FROM LEAVES OF SILPHIUM PERFOLIATUM L. ON THE GROWTH AND ACTIVITY OF NITRATE REDUCTASE OF WIN-TER WHEAT PLANTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 441-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Sergeyevna Davidyants
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Triterpene Glycosides ◽  
Nr Activity

The effect of seed treatment with solutions of a purified amount of triterpene glycosides (PATG) containing, as major components, oleanolic acid glycosides – sylphiosides B, C, E, G, and extract (E) enriched with sylphiosides, from Silphium perfoliatum L. (Asteraceae) leaves on growth parameters and nitrate reductase activity (NR, EC 1.6.6.1) of 7-day winter wheat plants (Tritium aestivum L.) was studied. It was shown that, seed treatment with PATG solutions in concentrations of 0.0005 and 0.001% and E in concentrations of 0.2 and 0.4% caused an increase in the length of roots, shoots, wet and dry weight of seedlings compared to the control. The stimulating effect of these concentrations of PATG and E on the total nitrate reductase activity of the roots and leaves of seedlings has been established, and an increase in the stimulating effect of preparations on the activity NR оf against the background of substrate activation of the enzyme potassium nitrate (KNO3) was observed. The greatest increase in the total NR activity of roots and leaves of winter wheat plants was observed when PATG acted at a concentration of 0.001% and E – at a concentration of 0.4%, which amounted respectively 122 and 116%, when adding 1 ml of 50 mM KNO3 solution into the growing medium of plants – 141 and 137% relative to the control. The stimulating effect of exogenous triterpene glycosides on NR activity has been established for the first time. The obtained data allow to theoretically substantiate the possibility of practical use of triterpene glycosides and preparations based on them for the regulation of growth and nitrogen metabolism of plants.

scholarly journals Nitrate reductase activity and oxalate content of sugar-beet leaves.

1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
F. van Egmond ◽  
H. Breteler
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
Carboxylate Content ◽  
The Difference

Diploid sugar beet was grown in controlled environment at 25/17 deg C in 14-h photoperiods in well aerated, regularly changed nutrient solution containing 6 meq NO3/l. When 6 leaves had been expanded, the total carboxylate content of the oldest leaf (leaf 1) was found to be 5836 meq/kg DM, while that of leaf 6 was only 2312 meq/kg; the difference was mainly due to oxalate content, which was 5236 meq/kg in leaf 1 and 1744 meq/kg in leaf 6. Nitrate-N content was about 50% higher in leaf 1 than in leaf 4. Nitrate-reductase activity fell to very low values as leaves aged. Experiments in which young and old leaf material was mixed, or oxalate at 0-4000 meq/kg DM was added to leaf samples, showed that oxalate had no substantial effect on nitrate-reductase activity. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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