Effects of surface amendation of two mine spoils in Alberta, Canada, on vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal development of slender wheatgrass: a 4-year study

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 798-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Zak ◽  
Dennis Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Oil Sands ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mine Spoil ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Va Mycorrhizae ◽  
Mine Spoils ◽  
Mycorrhizal Root ◽  
Initial Application ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular

The effects of amendation of two mine spoils (oil sands tailings and a subalpine coal mine spoil) on the development of vesicular–arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizae with Agropyron trachycaulum were examined over 4 years. Each spoil was either amended with peat, fertilizer, or sewage sludge or left unamended. Plants were sampled in late August of the second and fourth growing season and the level of infection expressed as length of mycorrhizal root per 10 cm3 of spoil. Plants on the peat-amended oil sands spoil, as compared with the other treatments, had the highest rates of infection. Infection levels increased in the fertilized plots over the 4 years. Mycorrhizae were not detected in the sewage-amended plots until the 4th year. Infection levels from the amended subalpine spoil did not change significantly between the 2nd and 4th year. Mycorrhizal root lengths were highest in the peat-amended spoil as compared with the control and sewage-treated plots. Rates of infection in the fertilized spoil were not significantly different from the other treatments. The initial application of an amendment to a mine spoil may have significant long-term effects on the development of VA mycorrhizae and the success of a revegetation program. Changes in the mycorrhizal status of plants on these habitats may occur only slowly with time.

Initial vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal development of slender wheatgrass on two amended mine spoils

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 2241-2248 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Zak ◽  
D. Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Infection ◽  
Mine Spoils ◽  
Mycorrhizal Root ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Plant Emergence ◽  
Mycorrhizal Development ◽  
Slender Wheatgrass

The initial vesicular–arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal development of slender wheatgrass on extracted oil-sands and subalpine coal-mine spoils, amended with either fertilizer, peat, or liquid sewage sludge, was examined. Plants were sampled at 2, 6, and 10 weeks after plant emergence and the level of infection was expressed as length of mycorrhizal root per plant and length of root which contained arbuscules, vesicles, or only hyphae. Mycorrhizal infection of slender wheatgrass on the oil sands was limited to plants on the peat-amended spoil. Infection of plants on the peat-amended oil-sands spoil was detected by 2 weeks. Plants on the subalpine spoil were infected at 2 weeks only on the peat-amended spoil. While slender wheatgrass on the control and fertilizer-amended spoil developed mycorrhizae by 6 weeks, infection was not observed in plants on the sewage-amended spoil until 10 weeks. At 10 weeks, there were no significant differences in lengths of mycorrhizal root per plant among the amendments. Increased P levels in the fertilizer- and sewage-amended subalpine spoil did not suppress VA mycorrhizal development.

Mycorrhizae of alpine fell-field communities on soils derived from crystalline and calcareous parent materials

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1691-1697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Lesica ◽  
Robert K. Antibus
Keyword(s):  
Root Colonization ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
Mycorrhizal Root ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular

The degree of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal root colonization of alpine fell-field plants was measured at six sites in the northern Rocky Mountains of Montana and Wyoming. Soils derived from calcareous or acidic crystalline parent materials were analyzed for chemical and physical properties and vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal propagule density. Soils associated with calcareous parent materials had finer texture, higher pH, and higher levels of calcium, sodium, and silicon. Viable vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal propagule density was positively correlated with plant canopy cover. Typical vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization occurred in 84% of the species examined. Vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal root colonization was significantly greater on soils derived from calcareous parent materials. Alkaline pH and high levels of calcium associated with calcareous soils may result in these soils being functionally more phosphorus deficient than are crystalline soils. Phosphorus deficiency may partially explain the higher levels of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization observed.

Toxicity of soil-applied fungicides and gypsum to the vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae in groundnut

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 1673-1675 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Parvathi ◽  
K. Venkateswarlu ◽  
A. S. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Seed Sowing ◽  
Mycorrhizal Development

The effects of four commonly used commercial formulations of contact fungicides (pentachloronitrobenzene, captan, captafol, and mancozeb) and gypsum on the vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal development of Glomus mosseae (Nic. & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe in groundnut were studied. Drenching the soil with pentachloronitrobenzene or gypsum at the time of seed sowing significantly inhibited the colonization and sporulation by the fungus; the other fungicides were less toxic. Captan, a widely used fungicide, was least inhibitory on development of the fungus. Pentachloronitrobenzene, gypsum, and captafol treatments significantly reduced the plant biomass.

Ultraviolet-induced autofluorescence of arbuscular mycorrhizal root infections: an alternative to clearing and staining methods for assessing infections

1982 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert N. Ames ◽  
Elaine R. Ingham ◽  
C. P. P. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Root ◽  
Root Segments ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Staining Methods ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Epifluorescence Microscope

Arbuscules in vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) infections in untreated roots autofluoresced when viewed with an epifluorescence microscope. Ultraviolet-induced fluorescence was observed with the same filtering system used to detect fluorescein staining. Plant roots were examined from five plant families, grown under a variety of conditions, and infected with several species of VAM fungi. In every case, autofluorescent arbuscules were observed. Vesicles, spores, and hyphae did not autofluoresce under these same conditions. Fluorescence was not observed in ectomycorrhizae or pathogenic fungal infections. Cut mycorrhizal root segments from greenhouse- and field-grown plants were evaluated for infection using ultraviolet light and clearing and staining. No significant differences were found in the percent VAM infection as determined by the two methods on the same root segments. Applications and considerations in the use of the ultraviolet method for measuring infections as well as some preliminary observations on using fluorescein diacetate are discussed.

scholarly journals Use of Vesicular–Arbuscular Mycorrhizae in Boston Fern Production: II. Evaluation of Four Inocula

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ponton ◽  
Y. Piché ◽  
S. Parent ◽  
M. Caron
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
The Other ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation ◽  
Better Than

Rooted plantlets of in vitro micropropagated Boston fern [Nephrolepis exaltata (L.) Schott var. Whitmanii] were transferred to pots containing a brown peat-based mix and simultaneously inoculated with one of four species of Glomus. Glomus intraradices and G. clarum formed rapid and extensive infection in Nephrolepis exaltata roots, while Glomus vesiculiferum and G. versiforme showed a significantly slower rate of infection. The high P fertilized control performed better than the other treatments, except in the number of fronds, which was similar. From the four mycorrhizal treatments, plants inoculated with Glomus vesiculiferum showed the most significant increase in growth when compared with the low P fertilization control. These results led us to re-examine vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation as an alternative to higher P fertilization in horticultural Boston fern production.

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