scholarly journals Use of Vesicular–Arbuscular Mycorrhizae in Boston Fern Production: II. Evaluation of Four Inocula

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ponton ◽  
Y. Piché ◽  
S. Parent ◽  
M. Caron
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
The Other ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Mycorrhizal Inoculation ◽  
Better Than

Rooted plantlets of in vitro micropropagated Boston fern [Nephrolepis exaltata (L.) Schott var. Whitmanii] were transferred to pots containing a brown peat-based mix and simultaneously inoculated with one of four species of Glomus. Glomus intraradices and G. clarum formed rapid and extensive infection in Nephrolepis exaltata roots, while Glomus vesiculiferum and G. versiforme showed a significantly slower rate of infection. The high P fertilized control performed better than the other treatments, except in the number of fronds, which was similar. From the four mycorrhizal treatments, plants inoculated with Glomus vesiculiferum showed the most significant increase in growth when compared with the low P fertilization control. These results led us to re-examine vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation as an alternative to higher P fertilization in horticultural Boston fern production.

Vesicular – arbuscular mycorrhizae in disturbed and revegetated sites from La Gran Sabana, Venezuela

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisela Cuenca ◽  
Milagros Lovera
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Organic Layers ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular

Savannas growing on stony, old and nutrient-poor soils of southern Venezuela were severely disturbed by removal of the soil organic layers with bulldozers for road building. Introduced species Brachiaria decumbens, Brachiaria humidicola, Pueraria phaseoloides, and Calopogonium sp. were sown. The substrate was fertilized and limed. Plant cover, vesicular – arbuscular mycorrhizae colonization, spore number, and most probable number of propagulels in undisturbed savanna, disturbed nonrevegetated savanna, and six revegetated savannas were assessed. The perturbation reduced the mycorrhizal propagule number in comparison with the undisturbed savanna. In the nonrevegetated areas the mean percent ground cover 2 years after disturbance was low (0.04%). In revegetated areas an increase in mycorrhizal propagule number occurred and the mycorrhizal colonization of the sown species was high. In restored areas there was an increase in species of nonmycotrophic Amaranthaceae. The results support other predictions on the mycorrhizae in successional biomes, because in the extremely nutrient-poor soils studied the colonizing species were mainly mycotrophic. The reclamation program applied in disturbed areas was useful because it has allowed the recovery of vesicular – arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum and there was an increase in the recolonization of native plants. Key words: disturbance, endomycorrhizae, revegetation, savanna, vesicular – arbuscular mycorrhizae.

Occurrence and isolation of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae in cropped field soils of Saskatchewan, Canada

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 567-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narayan C. Talukdar ◽  
James J. Germida
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Wheat Field ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Field Soils ◽  
Vam Colonization ◽  
Study Sites

Soil and root samples collected from fields cropped to spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Katepwa) and lentil (Lens esculenta L. cv. Eston) at 11 sites across four soil zones of Saskatchewan were analyzed for spore numbers, level of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) colonization, and VAM species. The number of VAM spores detected in field soils ranged from 78 to 272 per 100 g soil. Vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae colonized wheat and lentil at all the field study sites, but levels of colonization in the two crops varied from site to site and the differences were more pronounced in wheat than in lentil. Generally, lentil both exhibited a higher percentage of VAM colonized roots and contained more arbuscules and vesicles than wheat roots. However, wheat appeared to be colonized by different types of VAM depending on the field sites. Differences in VAM colonization were not related to the moisture and temperature gradient of the four soil zones or soil properties. Seven VAM species were isolated by enriching indigenous VAM mixtures (collected from wheat field soils of six field sites) on maize. The VAM isolated most closely resembled Acaulospora denticulata, Gigaspora decipiens, Glomus clarum, Glomus etunicatum, Glomus fasciculatum, Glomus mosseae, and Glomus versiforme. The species composition of the VAM community varied at the different field sites.Key words: VAM, Acaulospora, Gigaspora, Glomus.

Development of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae in a young sweetgum plantation

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1061-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul P. Kormanik
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Mycorrhizal Development ◽  
Crown Closure ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal

Sweetgum seedlings with vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae formed by Glomusetunicatum or Glomusdeserticola in nursery soil with 30 ppm available phosphorus (P) and nonmycorrhizal seedlings grown in nursery soil with 800 ppm available P were outplanted and whole trees were excavated periodically over the next 5 years in the plantation to follow mycorrhizal development. Four months after outplanting, roots of all initially nonmycorrhizal seedlings had formed vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae and the degree of root colonization was comparable to that of initially vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal seedlings. New feeder roots did not develop on seedlings of any treatment until almost 5 months after planting. By the end of the first growing season and for the remainder of the study, vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae development was approximately the same on all seedlings. The proportion of feeder roots colonized by vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi stabilized at 65 to 70%; approximately 56% of the cortical tissues of all feeder roots were colonized with arbuscles, vesicles, and hyphae. Periodic assays of the soil in the plantation showed that vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal spores gradually declined from an initial high of 3600 spores to 620 spores per 100-cm3 soil sample after 5 years. This decline was probably caused by crown closure of the sweetgum trees which gradually suppressed understory vegetation.

The morphology of vesicular – arbuscular mycorrhizae in Clintonia borealis and Medeola virginiana

1996 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 679-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Widden
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Cortical Layer ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Forest Herbs ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Innermost Layer ◽  
Inner Cortex

During a survey of the vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) associations of forest herbs in a deciduous forest in the southern Laurentian mountains in Quebec, two liliaceous species, Clintonia borealis and Medeola virginiana, revealed very distinctive morphology. In both species, once the epidermis was penetrated, the fungus spread towards the centre of the root via intracellular hyphae until the innermost layer of the cortex was reached, at which point the fungus spread laterally and tangentially through the cortical cells adjacent to the endodermis via a series of banana-shaped projections (bobbits). These eventually differentiated into the arbuscules and the VAM might spread from this inner cortical layer back into the outer cortical layers. In C. borealis, the hyphae coiled in the cortex, and vesicles were formed in the upper cortical cells. In M. virginiana, no coiling took place, but extensive diverticulae were produced by the intracellular hyphae in the cortical cells, close to their point of exit, and vesicles were produced in the inner cortex as swellings from the bobbits. These two mycorrhizae have some similarities to one in Colchicum autumnale described by I. Gallaud (1905. Rev. Gen. Bot. 17). Keywords: vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae, Clintonia borealis, Medeola virginiana, Liliaceae, morphology.

scholarly journals Vesicular–Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Colonization of Redwood and Incense Cedar Seedlings following Storage

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1362-1365 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Afek ◽  
L.A. Lippet ◽  
D. Adams ◽  
J.A. Menge ◽  
E. Pond
Keyword(s):  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Sequoia Sempervirens ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Coast Redwood ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular

Vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum consisting of a mixture of roots of coast redwood [Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don)], soil, and spores of Glomus mosseae (Nicol. and Gerd.) Gerdemann and Trappe was tested for viability and efficacy following storage for 4 or 8 weeks at 4, 9, 15, or 24C and moisture contents of 0%, 6%, 12%, or 17%. Storage regimes did not have any effect on the number of spores of Glomus mosseae recovered after storage. However, germinability of the spores decreased from 35% before storage to 10% to 31% during storage, especially under typical ambient room conditions (17% moisture at 24C). Maximum colonization of coast redwood, sierra redwood [Sequoiadendrom giganteum (Lindl.) Buchh.], and incense cedar (Libocedrous decurrens Torr.) was achieved after inoculation with 1 inoculum: 1 potting mix dilution (w/w). However, plant fresh weight was highest following inoculation with a 1 inoculum: 5 potting mix dilution (w/w). Dried inoculum was effective when stored at 24C, or below 10C when moist.

scholarly journals The Use of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizae in Boston Fern Production: I. Effects of Peat-based Mixes

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ponton ◽  
Y. Piché ◽  
S. Parent ◽  
M. Caron
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growth Increment ◽  
Fungal Activity ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Vam Colonization ◽  
Uninoculated Control

The horticultural Boston fern [Nephrolepis exaltata (L.) Schott cv. Verona] was micropropagated in vitro using commercial techniques. Rooted plantlets were transferred into pots containing one of three test substrates made of peat and vermiculite and subsequently inoculated with one of two species of Glomus. Survival of uninoculated control plants growing on a black peat-based mix was less than that on a brown peat-based mix. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) inoculation significantly increased survival on the former, but not the latter, substrate. The growth of roots was enhanced in brown peatmoss, but VAM colonization was faster with black peatmoss. Compared to uninoculated controls growing under the same fertilization regime, inoculated plants had significantly higher frond P and N concentration and also showed better frond and root growth. On a growth-increment basis, our results suggested that the brown peat-based mixed was more suitable for fungal activity and fern growth.

A technique for the isolation of intramatrical vesicles from vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1466-1468 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jabaji-Hare ◽  
S. I. Sridhara ◽  
B. Kendrick
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Allium Porrum ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular

A method for isolating the vesicles of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi from within the roots of Allium porrum is presented. Colonized roots were homogenized with 0.3 M sucrose – 0.05 M NaHCO3 and filtered through cheesecloth. The supernatant was centrifuged (180 min, 82 000 g) on 1.3 M sucrose – 15 mM CsCl. Our tests yielded 46 000 vesicles per operator day, but the potential yield is limited only by the amount of root material available.

Inoculation of citrus with root fragments containing chlamydospores of the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1739-1744 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Graham ◽  
D. Fardelmann
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Grass Root ◽  
Colonization Potential ◽  
Potting Media

The vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus intraradices, was found sporulating in citrus roots in an orchard soil. Dead root fragments of citrus accounted for a high proportion of the propagules in soil as measured by the most probable number technique. Sudan grass root fragments from pot cultures containing 7 and 94 chlamydospores of G. intraradices per milligram dry root had 11 and 184 (most probable number) propagules per milligram dry root, respectively. Inoculum densities of 20–40 mg of root fragments per 100 cm3 of potting media resulted in 100% inoculation success of Carrizo citrange grown from seed. A decrease in root fragment density to as low as 2.5 mg per 100 cm3 of medium reduced inoculation success and root colonization, but did not reduce growth and nutrient uptake by inoculated seedlings. The growth of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal plants in a soilless medium amended with relatively insoluble rock phosphate was less than that of nonmycorrhizal plants fertilized with soluble phosphorus; copper uptake, however, was significantly increased by vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae. Root fragments stored up to 1 year under moist conditions did not lose colonization potential, whereas drying reduced colonization potential to near zero after 9 months.

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