Inoculation of citrus with root fragments containing chlamydospores of the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1739-1744 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Graham ◽  
D. Fardelmann
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Grass Root ◽  
Colonization Potential ◽  
Potting Media

The vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus intraradices, was found sporulating in citrus roots in an orchard soil. Dead root fragments of citrus accounted for a high proportion of the propagules in soil as measured by the most probable number technique. Sudan grass root fragments from pot cultures containing 7 and 94 chlamydospores of G. intraradices per milligram dry root had 11 and 184 (most probable number) propagules per milligram dry root, respectively. Inoculum densities of 20–40 mg of root fragments per 100 cm3 of potting media resulted in 100% inoculation success of Carrizo citrange grown from seed. A decrease in root fragment density to as low as 2.5 mg per 100 cm3 of medium reduced inoculation success and root colonization, but did not reduce growth and nutrient uptake by inoculated seedlings. The growth of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal plants in a soilless medium amended with relatively insoluble rock phosphate was less than that of nonmycorrhizal plants fertilized with soluble phosphorus; copper uptake, however, was significantly increased by vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae. Root fragments stored up to 1 year under moist conditions did not lose colonization potential, whereas drying reduced colonization potential to near zero after 9 months.

Vesicular – arbuscular mycorrhizae in disturbed and revegetated sites from La Gran Sabana, Venezuela

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gisela Cuenca ◽  
Milagros Lovera
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Organic Layers ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular

Savannas growing on stony, old and nutrient-poor soils of southern Venezuela were severely disturbed by removal of the soil organic layers with bulldozers for road building. Introduced species Brachiaria decumbens, Brachiaria humidicola, Pueraria phaseoloides, and Calopogonium sp. were sown. The substrate was fertilized and limed. Plant cover, vesicular – arbuscular mycorrhizae colonization, spore number, and most probable number of propagulels in undisturbed savanna, disturbed nonrevegetated savanna, and six revegetated savannas were assessed. The perturbation reduced the mycorrhizal propagule number in comparison with the undisturbed savanna. In the nonrevegetated areas the mean percent ground cover 2 years after disturbance was low (0.04%). In revegetated areas an increase in mycorrhizal propagule number occurred and the mycorrhizal colonization of the sown species was high. In restored areas there was an increase in species of nonmycotrophic Amaranthaceae. The results support other predictions on the mycorrhizae in successional biomes, because in the extremely nutrient-poor soils studied the colonizing species were mainly mycotrophic. The reclamation program applied in disturbed areas was useful because it has allowed the recovery of vesicular – arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum and there was an increase in the recolonization of native plants. Key words: disturbance, endomycorrhizae, revegetation, savanna, vesicular – arbuscular mycorrhizae.

scholarly journals Micropropagated Banana Infected with Meloidogyne javanica Responds to Glomus intraradices and Phosphorus

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Pinochet ◽  
Carolina Fernández ◽  
María de Carmen Jaizme ◽  
Pedro Tenoury
Keyword(s):  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Growth And Nutrition ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Low Potassium

The effects of the interaction between the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices Schenk and Smith and the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) Chitwood on growth and nutrition of micropropagated `Grand Naine' banana (Musa AAA) were studied under greenhouse conditions. Inoculation with G. intraradices significantly increased growth of plants in relation to nonmycorrhizal plants and was more effective than P fertilization in promoting plant development. Mycorrhizal colonization did not affect nematode buildup in the roots, although plants with the nematode and mycorrhiza were more galled. Meloidogyne javanica had no effect on the percentage of root colonization in mycorrhiza-inoculated plants. No element deficiency was detected by foliar analysis. All elements were within sufficiency levels for banana with exception of N, which was low. Potassium levels were lower in mycorrhizal plants, while Ca and Mg levels were higher with mycorrhiza than without, with or without the nematode. Early inoculation with G. intraradices appears to favor growth of banana plants by enhancing plant nutrition.

Colonization Potential of Ornamental Plants by Three Vesicular–Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 449e-449
Author(s):  
Martin Trépanier ◽  
Jacques-André Rioux
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Mosseae ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Vam Fungi ◽  
Mineral Absorption ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Colonization Potential ◽  
The Media

Roots of majority of natural shrubs are colonized by many species of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi. These kinds of fungi form a symbiosis with the root system of the plant and give a better water and mineral absorption (P, Zn, N, Cu, etc.), and a better root disease resistance to the plant. However, the media usually used in ornemental plants nursery contain no or few mycorrhizal fungi. For now, new commercial inoculum are available and could be used to get the advantages provided by VAM fungi. In order to evaluate the potential of ornamental plants to be colonized, we have inoculated the rooting media with three VAM fungi (Glomus intraradices Schenk & Smith, Glomus etunicatum Becker & Gerdemann, and Glomus mosseae Nicol. & Gerd.; Premier Tech, Rivière-du-Loup, Québec). The inoculum proportion used contained about 1500 propagules/L. After 16 weeks, near 80% of the 200 species and cultivars tested have shown a colonization by at least one of the fungi. We shall present here a list of the results.

The 'most probable number' method for enumerating infective propagules of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soil

Soil Research ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 515 ◽  
Author(s):  
WM Porter
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Field Soils ◽  
Wet Sieving ◽  
Good Agreement

Estimates of the number of infective propagules of vesicular-arbuscular (VA) endophytes in two soils were obtained using a most probable number (MPN) method. These estimates were compared with counts of the number of spores in the same soils obtained using a conventional wet sieving method. In one soil, there was good agreement between the number of coarse endophyte propagules, estimated by the MPN technique, and the number of germinable spores extracted using the wet sieving technique. However, a large population of fine endophyte propagules (more than 230 per 50 g soil) could only be enumerated using the MPN technique. In the second soil, fewer coarse endophyte propagules were found using the wet sieving technique than when using the MPN technique. The MPN technique appears to give a more realistic estimate of the number of infective propagules of VA endophytes in field soils than the conventional method.

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