Comparative morphology and flavolan content of Rhizobium loti induced effective and ineffective root nodules on Lotus species, Leuceana leucocephala, Carmichaelia flagelliformis, Ornithopus sativus, and Clianthus puniceus

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 2676-2685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive E. Pankhurst ◽  
Douglas H. Hopcroft ◽  
William T. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Comparative Morphology ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Rhizobium Loti ◽  
Infection Threads ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Lotus Pedunculatus ◽  
Ornithopus Sativus

The morphology of Rhizobium loti induced root nodules and the flavolan content of nodulated roots of several Lotus species, Leuceana leucocephala, Carmichaelia flagelliformis, Ornithopus sativus, and Clianthus puniceus were examined. Rhizobium loti strain NZP2037 formed effective (Nod+Fix+) nodules on all legumes, but strain NZP2213 formed Nod+Fix+ nodules only on Lotus corniculatus var. cree and ineffective (Nod+Fix−) nodules on all other legumes. The Nod+Fix− nodules developed by NZP2213 showed morphologies ranging from the complete absence of bacteria within “tumour-like” structures to the development of nodules containing bacteria that were either not released or only incompletely released from infection threads. Within nodules formed by NZP2213 on Lotus corniculatus var. hirsutus and Carmichaelia flagelliformis the rhizobia had multiplied extensively within unwalled, plasma membrane bound, infection droplets. Flavolans rich in prodelphinidin, which is toxic towards NZP2213, were present in the roots of Lotus angustissimus, Lotus pedunculatus, Lotus subbiflorus, and Leuceana leucocephala, but only trace amounts of flavolan were found in the roots of Carmichaelia flagelliformis, Ornithopus sativus, and Clianthus puniceus.

A morphometric study of effective nodules induced by Rhizobium loti and Bradyrhizobium sp. (Lotus) on Lotus pedunculatus

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Wood ◽  
David B. Layzell ◽  
William Newcomb ◽  
Clive E. Pankhurst
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Polar Bodies ◽  
Rhizobium Loti ◽  
Bradyrhizobium Sp ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Peribacteroid Space ◽  
Lotus Pedunculatus

Effective root nodules formed on Lotus pedunculatus by Rhizobium loti NZP2037 and Bradyrhizobium sp. (Lotus) CC814s were examined by light and electron microscopy. NZP2037 nodules were larger than CC814s nodules as a result of a much thicker nodule cortex. The smaller CC814s nodules had a much larger infected zone and, consequently, larger volumes of infected cells, peribacteroid space, and host cytosol per nodule. As well, CC814s nodules demonstrated a significantly higher number of bacteria which typically contained prominent polar bodies and beta-polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) granules. The bacteria of NZP2037 nodules lacked the polar bodies, but PHB deposits were occasionally observed. A correlated physiological study in which acetylene reduction was used to estimate nitrogen fixation showed CC814s nodules to be more active than NZP2037 nodules (Pankhurst, C. E., and D. B. Layzell. 1984. Physiol. Plant. 62(3) : 404–409.). This measured difference in nitrogen-fixing activity was considered due to the degree of infection and bacterial proliferation as well as differences in the carbon and nitrogen metabolism of the two nodule types. The significance of the structural observations and morphometric analyses and their relationship to differences in nitrogen fixation are discussed.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of the membrane envelope enclosing the bacteroids in soybean root nodules.

1978 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 919-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
D P Verma ◽  
V Kazazian ◽  
V Zogbi ◽  
A K Bal
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Infection Thread ◽  
Hypodermic Needle ◽  
Soybean Root ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Infection Threads ◽  
Membrane Envelope

The membrane envelope enclosing the bacteroids in soybean root nodules is shown by ultrastructural and biochemical studies to be derived from, and to retain the characteristics of, the host cell plasma membrane. During the early stages of the infection process, which occurs through an invagination, Rhizobium becomes surrounded by the host cell wall and plasma membrane, forming the infection thread. The cell wall of the infection thread is degraded by cellulolytic enzyme(s), leaving behind the enclosed plasma membrane, the membrane envelope. Cellulase activity in young nodules increases two- to threefold as compared to uninfected roots, and this activity is localized in the cell wall matrix of the infection threads. Membrane envelopes were isolated by first preparing bacteroids enclosed in the envelopes on a discontinuous sucrose gradient followed by passage through a hypodermic needle, which released the bacteroids from the membranes. This membrane then sedimented at the interface of 34--45% sucrose (mean density of 1.14 g/cm3). Membranes were characterized by phosphotungstic acid (PTA)-chromic acid staining. ATPase activity, and localization, sensitivity to nonionic detergent Nonidet P-40 (NP-40) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis. These analyses revealed a close similarity between plasma membrane and the membrane envelope. Incorporation of radioactive amino acids into the membrane envelope proteins was sensitive to cycloheximide, suggesting that the biosynthesis of these proteins is primarily under host-cell control. No immunoreactive material to leghemoglobin antibodies was found inside or associated with the isolated bacteroids enclosed in the membrane envelope, and its location is confined to the host cell cytoplasmic matrix.

A reinvestigation of the origin of the peribacteroid membrane in root nodules of Vicia faba

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 1547-1552 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Newcomb ◽  
Susan Creighton ◽  
Lenore Latta
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Peribacteroid Membrane ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Infection Threads ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopic

A transmission electron microscopic study of nodules of Vicia faba has demonstrated that rhizobia are released from the infection threads by an endocytotic process. The rhizobia escape from unwalled regions of the infection thread or unwalled droplets of thread matrix and upon escape are surrounded by a peribacteroid membrane which is derived from the plasma membrane bounding the unwalled regions of thread matrix. Thus, the release of bacteria in V. faba nodules is essentially identical to that reported in other leguminous nodules and the peribacteroid membrane does not arise de novo as previously reported by other workers.

Development of root nodules of mung bean (Vigna radiata): a reinvestigation of endocytosis

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 2478-2499 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Newcomb ◽  
Laurel McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Nuclear Envelope ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Infection Thread ◽  
Peribacteroid Membrane ◽  
Infection Threads ◽  
Host Plasma Membrane

The release of rhizobia from infection threads of mung bean (Vigna radiata) root nodules is an endocytotic process. The peribacteroid membrane surrounding the released bacteria is initially derived from the host plasma membrane which surrounds the infection thread and not from the nuclear envelope as previously reported by Prasad and De. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) profiles and Golgi vesicles fuse with the infection thread cell wall and adjacent host plasma membrane. Although some ER profiles were continuous with the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope, no continuities of the nuclear envelope with the infection thread, the host plasma membrane, or the peribacteroid membrane were observed. Furthermore, no blebbing of the nuclear envelope was observed.

Plasma membrane bound transglutaminase in the marginal zone of psoriatic skin

1999 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-239
Author(s):  
Gerritsen ◽  
Van Erp ◽  
Van De Kerkhof
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Marginal Zone ◽  
Psoriatic Skin ◽  
Membrane Bound

Exterior and Interior Events in Early Stage of Thrombin-induced Platelet Aggregation

1977 ◽  
Vol 38 (03) ◽  
pp. 0630-0639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuichi Hashimoto ◽  
Sachiko Shibata ◽  
Bonro Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Adenyl Cyclase ◽  
Cellular Component ◽  
Primary Event ◽  
Rabbit Platelets ◽  
Membrane Bound

SummaryTreatment of washed rabbit platelets with 1 u/ml of thrombin at 37° C resulted in a disappearance from platelets of a protein with 250,000 dalton molecular weight which was shown to be originated from plasma membrane. Parallel loss of adenyl cyclase was noted, and both reactions were complete within 30 sec. From the patterns of disc electrophoretograms, the importance of quick suppression of thrombin action in demonstrating the primary event was stressed.Thrombin induced an apparent activation of membrane bound phosphodiesterase. This reaction was also complete within 30 sec. The cellular component which contained the enzyme activity was distinct from plasma membrane. Soluble phosphodiesterase was not influenced by thrombin at all.These reactions required intact platelet cells to react with thrombin, and no reaction was detected when subcellular preparations were treated with thrombin.Possibility of collaboration of changes in externally located synthetic enzyme with those in internally located degrading enzyme in the early phase of thrombin action on platelets was suggested.

scholarly journals Phosphorylation of the (Na,K)-ATPase by a plasma membrane-bound protein kinase in friend erythroleukemia cells.

1983 ◽  
Vol 258 (10) ◽  
pp. 6567-6574 ◽  
Author(s):  
L A Yeh ◽  
L Ling ◽  
L English ◽  
L Cantley
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Erythroleukemia Cells ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Friend Erythroleukemia Cells

scholarly journals PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEMONSTRATION BY LEAD METHODS OF ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY IN RESIDENT PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES AND EXUDATE MONOCYTES OF THE GUINEA PIG

1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 488-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. POELMANN ◽  
W. T. DAEMS ◽  
E. J. VAN LOHUIZEN
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Heterogeneous Nucleation ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase Activity ◽  
Eosinophilic Granulocytes ◽  
Membrane Bound

This cytochemical and electron microscopic study on peritoneal macrophages of the guinea pig has raised doubts concerning the validity of lead methods for the demonstration of plasma membrane-bound adenosine triphosphatase activity. The problems encountered are inherent in the use of lead ions as a capture reagent. The nonenzymatically formed precipitates reflect sites of heterogeneous nucleation specific for certain kinds of cells, e.g., resident peritoneal macrophages, eosinophilic granulocytes and, to a lesser degree, exudate monocytes. This type of precipitation is also catalyzed on the surface of nonbiologic matrices such as latex particles. Enzymatic processes may well occur, but they cannot be distinguished from nonenzymatic processes.

Effects of chronic ethanol administration on plasma-membrane- bound glycosyltransferase activities

1990 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Almudena Fernandez-Briera ◽  
Pierre Louisot ◽  
Renée Morelis
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Chronic Ethanol ◽  
Ethanol Administration ◽  
Chronic Ethanol Administration ◽  
Membrane Bound

scholarly journals A constitutive, plasma-membrane bound β-glucosidase inTrichoderma reesei

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Umile ◽  
Christian P. Kubicek
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Membrane Bound
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