La végétation forestière du delta de Lanoraie, Québec

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 1839-1852 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Lamontagne ◽  
C. Camiré ◽  
C. Ansseau
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Forest Sites

The vegetation and the soil characteristics of the sandy terraces of the Lanoraie Delta, Quebec, were sampled at 84 forest sites using the methods of Whittaker and Canada Soil Information System. The ordination results show that the soil moisture regime (xeric–hydric) and the pH (3.5–5.0) are the main factors responsible for the spatial distribution of the vegetation. When these results (ordination analysis) and those of the cluster analysis are superimposed, the relationship between the five vegetation groups studied and particular ecological conditions can be seen. Thus, two groups of vegetation dominated by conifers are found in the middle of the terraces. One of these is dominated by Tsuga canadensis and the other by Abies balsamea and Picea rubens. These two groups are found on podzolic, gleyed soils with a mounded microrelief, which are strongly acidic (pH < 3.5) and have a hydric–mesic moisture regime. The remaining three vegetation groups are dominated by deciduous species. Among these, two groups arise from human activities such as logging or farming. One of these is dominated by Fagus grandifolia, Acer saccharum, Acer rubrum, and Quercus rubra and is composed of mature trees. The other is dominated by Pinus strobus, Polulus grandidentata, Populus tremuloides, or Betula papyrifera and is composed of young trees. These two types occupy the edge of the terraces where the topography is flat and the soil podzolic with a moderately to slightly acidic pH (4.0–5.0) and a xeric–mesic moisture regime. Finally the third group, dominated by Acer rubrum, is found on medium acidic (pH = 4.0), gleyed soils with a hydric–mesic moisture regime. This study shows that Acer rubrum is the best suited species for sandy, acidic, and nutrient-poor sites of the Lanoraie Delta. Key words: Lanoraie Delta, multivariate analysis, vegetation classification, Acer rubrum.

Vegetation variation among mesic successional forest stands in northern lower Michigan

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1080-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Roberts ◽  
Norman L. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Quercus Rubra ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Pinus Resinosa ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
Prunus Serotina ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Soil Variables

Vegetation composition of the shrub–tree and herb layers was sampled in 70 successional aspen (Populus tremuloides and Populus grandidentata) stands of different ages (1–90 years) on a variety of sites in northern lower Michigan. Physical and chemical characteristics of soil profiles were also measured at each site. Three stand groupings were identified based on site conditions and detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) ordination of the vegetation. Sandy dry-mesic soils support forests of Acer rubrum, Quercus rubra, Pinus resinosa, and Pinus strobus. On lowland sandy soils with a fluctuating water table, Pinus strobus, Abies balsamea, Viburnum lentago, and Viburnum cassinoides are important. Mesic soils with stratified calcareous layers or clay till substrates support Acer saccharum, Fagus grandifolia, Tilia americana, Fraxinus americana, Ostrya virginiana, and Acer pensylvanicum. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was used to compare DCA scores with soil variables; first-axis DCA scores were correlated with a suite of soil variables and stand age was correlated with second or third DCA axis scores. Separate DCA ordinations of the dry-mesic and mesic groups revealed successional relations on these sites. On dry-mesic sites, Pinus resinosa and Pinus strobus increase in importance with stand age, while Prunus serotina, Prunus virginiana, Prunus pensylvanica, and the aspens decrease. On mesic sites, early successional species include the aspens, Corylus cornuta, Prunus serotina, and Prunus pensylvanica. Fagus grandifolia, Acer pensylvanicum, Quercus rubra, Viburnum acerifolium, Betula papyrifera, Acer rubrum, and Tilia americana are more abundant in mature mesic-site stands. Ordinations of the herb data were remarkably similar to those for trees and shrubs except on dry-mesic sites. Much of the residual variability in vegetation not accounted for by site conditions and stand age is probably related to historical factors such as the nature of disturbance and variations in seed rain.

EFFECT OF HOST AND NONHOST TREES ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR, MALACOSOMA DISSTRIA (LEPIDOPTERA: LASIOCAMPIDAE)

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (6) ◽  
pp. 991-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W. Nicol ◽  
J.T. Arnason ◽  
B. Helson ◽  
M.M. Abou-Zaid
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Malacosoma Disstria ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
The Many ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

AbstractLarval growth and pupal parameters of the forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria Hübner) reared on the foliage of two host trees (Populus tremuloides Michx. and Acer saccharum Marsh.) and one nonhost tree (Acer rubrum L.) were quantified. This was achieved by undertaking a larval development bioassay under controlled laboratory conditions, but using fresh leaves collected in two field seasons. Larvae fed foliage of P. tremuloides grew exponentially and began to pupate after 3 weeks. Larvae fed with A. saccharum gained significantly less weight and had a reduced number of larvae pupate, and the pupae weighed significantly less than their counterparts fed on P. tremuloides. All larvae that were fed the foliage of A. rubrum died within 2 weeks. A nutritional utilization bioassay with fourth-instar larvae revealed that the foliage of A. saccharum has a growth-inhibitory component, whereas that of A. rubrum is antifeedant. Reasons are discussed for the discrepancy between the many reports of A. saccharum being a food host for M. disstria in the field and the laboratory results.

Physical and historical determinants of the pre- and post-settlement forests of northwestern Pennsylvania

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1683-1697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon G Whitney ◽  
Joseph P DeCant
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
Quercus Alba ◽  
Old Field ◽  
European Settlement ◽  
Northern Portion ◽  
The 19Th Century

Our analysis of the early land survey records and more recent U.S. Forest Service inventory data documents the changing nature of northwestern Pennsylvania's forests following European settlement. Initially, the northern portion of the four-county study area was dominated by forests of Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. and Acer saccharum Marsh. associated with the richer, finer-textured soils of the rolling Glaciated Appalachian Plateau. Up to 80% of the region was cleared for farming in the 19th century. Marginal farmland was abandoned and reverted to forests in the 20th century. Fires and leached, nutrient-poor soils favored the dominance of Quercus spp. and Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. in the presettlement forests of the rugged Unglaciated Appalachian Plateaus to the south. The rough nature of the terrain discouraged the early clearance of the plateaus' forests. The advent of the petroleum industry and its insatiable demand for barrels in the 19th century, however, assured the selective removal of the larger (>20 in. (50 cm) DBH) Quercus alba L. from the region's woods. The increasing homogeneity of northwestern Pennsylvania's forests today is due to the sharp decline of the more distinctive indicator species and the rise of a number of opportunistic old-field or gap species, notably Prunus serotina Ehrh. and Acer rubrum L.

La végétation de deux tourbières de la municipalité régionale de comté du Haut-Saint-Laurent (Québec)

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 1969-1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Jean ◽  
André Bouchard
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Peat Deposit ◽  
Moisture Regime ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Chamaedaphne Calyculata ◽  
Community Types

Within a multidisciplinary study of terrestrial ecosystems of the Haut-Saint-Laurent Regional County Municipality, the vegetation of "Large Teafield" and "Small Teafield" peatlands is described from 127 stands. Detrended correspondence analysis and correlations between data indicate that the greatest vegetational variation is expressed by variables related to trophic regime (e.g., pH of peat) and moisture regime (e.g., organic content). In addition to gradient analysis, hierarchical clustering combined with reference to contingency tables is used to characterize the typology along gradients. Mapping of the community types partially relates the distribution analysis to a circular spatial pattern of the vegetation. Highly oligotrophic sites are colonized by low shrubs. Chamaedaphne calyculata is found at the centre of the peatlands, where the peat deposit is thick and fire does not play an important role. Low shrubs dominated by Betula populifolia surround the Chamaedaphne calyculata vegetation and are more affected by burning towards the perimeter. Heavily burned sites are dominated by Epilobium angustifolium. The perimeters of the peatlands are colonized by Betula populifolia or Populus tremuloides open forests, while the most stable forests are dominated by Acer rubrum. Some marshes and swamps are present where the peat deposit is thin. Sixteen community types are described for the study area.

Tree seedling growth and mortality responses to manipulations of calcium and aluminum in a northern hardwood forest

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 954-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard K Kobe ◽  
Gene E Likens ◽  
Christopher Eagar
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Betula Alleghaniensis ◽  
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest ◽  
Tree Seedling ◽  
Soil Calcium ◽  
Dependent Growth

To assess potential forest compositional responses to exchangeable soil calcium (Caexch) and aluminum (Alexch), we characterized light-dependent growth and mortality of tree seedlings under amendments of CaCl2 and AlCl3 at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF), New Hampshire, U.S.A. Seedlings of Acer saccharum Marsh., Fagus grandifolia Ehrh., Betula alleghaniensis Britton, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill., and Picea rubens Sarg. were transplanted into field plots, which were randomly assigned to control, CaCl2, or AlCl3 treatments and stratified across <1 to 35% full sun. Acer saccharum and P. rubens exhibited significantly higher mortality in Al-amended than Ca-amended or control plots. Acer saccharum showed significant increases in relative diameter growth in Ca-amended plots versus controls; all other species showed nonsignificantly higher relative diameter growth under Ca amendments. We incorporated significant seedling responses into a model of forest dynamics (SORTIE) to assess potential changes in species composition under Alexch increases and Caexch losses. SORTIE predicts that further increases in Alexch would have negligible effects on canopy composition within 200 years but that the estimated Caexch depleted from HBEF between 1968 and 1995 and its influence on seedling dynamics could lead to substantial decreases in A. saccharum canopy dominance within a single forest generation (<125 years).

Using witness trees to assess forest change in southeastern Ohio

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 1708-1718 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M Dyer
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Quercus Alba ◽  
Forest Change ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Successional Species ◽  
Witness Trees

In 1787, the U.S. Congress authorized the sale of the "Ohio Company Purchase", ca. 5000 km2 in Appalachian Ohio. The land was surveyed using a township and range system shortly thereafter. Data on >5600 witness trees were transcribed from the survey records, and witness tree locations were plotted on a digital map. This information was used to evaluate presettlement forest composition and structure and to investigate vegetation-site relationships before widespread alteration of the forests had taken place. Presettlement conditions were compared with present conditions using forest inventory and analysis (FIA) data. Two hundred years ago, the forests of southeastern Ohio were dominated by large individuals of Quercus alba L., Carya Nutt. spp., Quercus velutina Lam., and Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. These four taxa accounted for 74% of all witness trees. Although almost 70% of the region is forested today, the second-growth forest has witnessed a decrease in Quercus and Carya and an increase in Acer saccharum Marsh., Acer rubrum L., and many early successional species in smaller size classes. Despite the significant shift in forest composition and structure, species in general seem to be occupying similar positions in the present-day landscape compared with the presettlement forest; topographic variables most strongly control species occurrence in this landscape.

Seedling recruitment in a northern temperate forest: the relative importance of supply and establishment limitation

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 978-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P Caspersen ◽  
Megan Saprunoff
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Temperate Forest ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
Betula Alleghaniensis ◽  
Recruitment Failure ◽  
Niche Differences

We quantified supply and establishment limitation as components of seedling recruitment for five species common to the temperate forests of central Ontario. Establishment limitation was the primary cause of recruitment failure for the three most common species: Acer saccharum Marsh., Betula alleghaniensis Britt., and Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière. The main barrier to establishment (including germination and seedling emergence) was a lack of suitable substrates, rather than a lack of light. Supply limitation, on the other hand, was the primary cause of recruitment failure for two less common species, Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. and Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. The cause of supply limitation was a lack of parent trees, in the case of A. balsamea, and low fecundity, in the case of F. grandifolia. Our results suggest that niche differences (i.e., germination requirements) are more important than dispersal in structuring temperate forest communities. Our results also suggest that availability of suitable substrates is the primary factor limiting seedling recruitment following logging.

La végétation des contreforts des Laurentides : une analyse des gradients écologiques et du niveau successionnel des communautés

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Gauthier ◽  
Daniel Gagnon
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
Community Type ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Community Types ◽  
Topographic Positions ◽  
Vegetation Variation

The forest vegetation of the foothills of the Laurentians was studied to determine which ecological factors are most strongly correlated with vegetation variation. Vegetation and ecological factors were sampled within 78 plots distributed systematically on 19 transects. Ordination and classification analyses show that soil moisture and richness, two factors strongly associated to topographical variations, are the ecological factors that best explain vegetation distribution. Eleven community types were identified. Oligotrophic–xeric community types, characterized by Pinus strobus and Quercus rubra, are generally found in sites at high elevation, where soils are thin, well drained and nutrient poor. The Acer saccharum community types, of the mesotrophic–mesic group, are situated at the base of slopes with deep, rich soils. Fagus grandifolia, Acer rubrum, and Tsuga canadensis characterize a third group of oligotrophic–mesic community types, found on sites with relatively poorly drained and nutrient-poor soils, in topographic positions intermediate to the first two groups. A community type successionnal status index, based on the homogeneity and similarity of the tree and sapling strata, shows that natural and anthropogenic disturbances are also responsible for part of the vegetation variation. Hemlock and beech forests are the most successionnally advanced community types of the oligotrophic–mesic group. On richer soils fed by seepage, the maple–hickory community type is also relatively stable. These results contribute to the ongoing discussion about the eventual outcome of succession on mesic sites in northeastern North America.

Influence de quelques défauts externes sur la stabilité des arbres face à une simulation mécanique de l'action du vent

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
G Silva ◽  
J -C Ruel ◽  
M Samson ◽  
D Pin
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Maximum Stress ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
The Other ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Betula Alleghaniensis ◽  
Wind Action ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Standing Trees

A simulation of wind action was achieved to test the influence of some external defects on the resistance of standing trees of balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.), yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton), and trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). The methodology used consisted of applying a force on the tree with a winch. Every tree was filmed during winching, and the geometrically corrected images were used to compute displacement. Balsam fir trees tended to break more than uproot, and in most cases, breakage occurred at the crack level. Even though maximum turning moment did not differ between control and defective balsam fir trees, a significant difference was found for maximum stress, showing a reduction in resistance associated with cracks. No reduction in resistance could be seen for the other species, but trees were relatively young and care should be taken before extending these results to older trees.

Direct and indirect effects of a dense understory on tree seedling recruitment in temperate forests: habitat-mediated predation versus competition

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1634-1645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro A. Royo ◽  
Walter P. Carson
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Resource Competition ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
Tree Seedling ◽  
The Impact

In forests characterized by a dense woody and herbaceous understory layer, seedling recruitment is often directly suppressed via interspecific competition. Alternatively, these dense layers may indirectly lower tree recruitment by providing a haven for seed and seedling predators that prey on neighboring plant species. To simultaneously test for resource competition and indirect, habitat-mediated effects, we factorially manipulated understory plant cover (removed versus intact) and predation (exclosures versus controls) at three forested sites. We found that vegetation cover created privileged foraging areas that increased seed removal and seedling predation rates. Predator preference was directly related to seed size with larger seeded species including Prunus serotina Ehrh. and Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. removed more readily than smaller seeded species such as Fraxinus americana L. We found strong species-specific evidence for habitat-mediated indirect effects; establishment of P. serotina and Acer saccharum Marsh.was significantly lower under an intact hay-scented fern ( Dennstaedtia punctilobula (Michx.) T. Moore) canopy when small mammals were present. Competition also played a strong role; both P. serotina and Acer rubrum L. survival as well as A. rubrum emergence were reduced under a fern canopy with or without seed predators. The impact of habitat-mediated indirect effects and resource competition appear to vary predictably based upon predator preferences and differences in the timing of woody seed dispersal and germination relative to vegetation cover phenology. Overall, our results suggest that habitat-mediated indirect effects may be common and occur wherever vegetation provides the potential for creating privileged foraging areas.

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