scholarly journals Applied ecology in Canada’s boreal: a holistic view of the mitigation hierarchy and resilience theory

Botany ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (11) ◽  
pp. 1009-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole J. Fenton
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Disturbance ◽  
Resilience Theory ◽  
Stable States ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Applied Ecology ◽  
Mitigation Hierarchy ◽  
Biological Legacies ◽  
Indicators Of Success ◽  
The Impact

Canada’s boreal biome is a mosaic of forests and peatlands. These ecosystems have developed dynamically, periodically affected by disturbance events of significant spatial extent and variable severity, reducing ecosystem biomass. The same ecosystem types typically regenerate from biological legacies. However, concern is growing about the impact of these different anthropogenic disturbances, particularly compound disturbances including climate change, which open the door to shifts to alternate stable states. One strategy promoted to regulate anthropogenic disturbance is the “mitigation hierarchy” for development projects, where impacts on ecosystems are avoided, mitigated, restored, or compensated. This practical approach is not yet integrated into disturbance and resilience theory. Here, I develop an integrated view of the mitigation hierarchy, as well as resilience and disturbance theory, in a boreal context using ecosystem services to measure ecosystem state in a two-step process that first models loss of ecosystem function and then integrates the mitigation hierarchy and resilience theory. The application of this model is discussed in the context of restoration studies after different types of catastrophic anthropogenic disturbance. These studies, some of which are published in this special issue, highlight the important role of bryophytes and understory plants in setting restoration targets and developing criteria and indicators of success.

The impact of firm resources on innovation

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 672-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irem Demirkan
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Firm Innovation ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Slack Resources ◽  
Content Type ◽  
External Resources ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose that the resources that a firm owns and has full control (firm-level resources) and resources that a firm access through direct connection with other firms (network-level resources) will impact firm innovation when effectively deployed by the firm. While previous research examined these factors separately, the author takes a holistic view and looks into their effects on innovation simultaneously. The author also introduces the moderating effects, i.e. the variables that can enhance firm innovation through their interaction with internal and external resources.Design/methodology/approachThe author tested the role of financial resources and slack resources in the form of cash slack and human slack at the firm level, and network size, network tie strength, and network diversity at the network level on the firm innovation. Using generalized negative binomial model with Huber-White procedure, the author analyzed 306 firms from the biotechnology industry over a span of 17 years.FindingsThe analysis suggests that cash slack impact innovation negatively. However, this link is moderated by firm size such that for large firms cash slack affects innovation positively. Network-level resources all positively impact innovation and have more economic impact on firm innovation than firm-level resources. Furthermore, although human slack negatively affects innovation, its interaction with network size enhances innovation.Originality/valueThe research makes important contributions to both strategic management and innovation literatures especially when, the author considers the role of firm-level slack in driving firm innovation. Previous research reported conflicting findings about the availability of slack resources and firm performance. The results showed that the relationship between slack resources and firm innovation is negative and significant, both for available slack and human slack. This finding parallels with previous research which reported that constraints such as lack of slack resources can actually facilitate innovation. The author also contributes to the literature by introducing boundary conditions which can enhance firm innovation through their interaction with firm-level internal and network-level external resources. In this respect, to the author’s knowledge, this is among the first studies to combine the slack literature focusing on firm-level resources with the literature on network-level resources.

scholarly journals Imagining tomorrow's university: open science and its impact

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 405
Author(s):  
Adina Howe ◽  
Michael Howe ◽  
Amy L. Kaleita ◽  
D. Raj Raman
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Inquiry ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Multilevel Approach ◽  
The Future ◽  
University Level ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

As part of a recent workshop entitled "Imagining Tomorrow's University”, we were asked to visualize the future of universities as research becomes increasingly data- and computation-driven, and identify a set of principles characterizing pertinent opportunities and obstacles presented by this shift. In order to establish a holistic view, we take a multilevel approach and examine the impact of open science on individual scholars as well as on the university as a whole. At the university level, open science presents a double-edged sword: when well executed, open science can accelerate the rate of scientific inquiry across the institution and beyond; however, haphazard or half-hearted efforts are likely to squander valuable resources, diminish university productivity and prestige, and potentially do more harm than good. We present our perspective on the role of open science at the university.

scholarly journals Turning the Knobs: The Impact of Post-translational Modifications on Carbon Metabolism

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleverson C. Matiolli ◽  
Rafael Cavém Soares ◽  
Hugo L. S. Alves ◽  
Isabel A. Abreu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Protein Properties ◽  
The Impact

Plants rely on the carbon fixed by photosynthesis into sugars to grow and reproduce. However, plants often face non-ideal conditions caused by biotic and abiotic stresses. These constraints impose challenges to managing sugars, the most valuable plant asset. Hence, the precise management of sugars is crucial to avoid starvation under adverse conditions and sustain growth. This review explores the role of post-translational modifications (PTMs) in the modulation of carbon metabolism. PTMs consist of chemical modifications of proteins that change protein properties, including protein-protein interaction preferences, enzymatic activity, stability, and subcellular localization. We provide a holistic view of how PTMs tune resource distribution among different physiological processes to optimize plant fitness.

scholarly journals Imagining tomorrow's university: open science and its impact

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adina Howe ◽  
Michael D. Howe ◽  
Amy L Kaleita ◽  
D. Raj Raman
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Inquiry ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Multilevel Approach ◽  
The Future ◽  
University Level ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

As part of a recent workshop entitled "Imagining Tomorrow's University”, we were asked to visualize the future of universities as research becomes increasingly data- and computation-driven and identify a set of principles characterizing pertinent opportunities and obstacles presented by this shift. In order to establish a holistic view, we take a multilevel approach and examine the impact of open science on individual scholars as well as the university as a whole. At the university level, open science presents a double-edged sword: when well executed, open science can accelerate the rate of scientific inquiry across the institution and beyond; however, haphazard or half-hearted efforts are likely to squander valuable resources, diminish university productivity and prestige, and potentially do more harm than good. We present our prespective on the role of open science at the university.

scholarly journals Digital entrepreneurship and its impact on digital supply chains: The mediating role of business intelligence applications

2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heba Awawdeh ◽  
Hanadi Abulaila ◽  
Abdallah Alshanty ◽  
Amrou Alzoubi
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Business Intelligence ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Simple Random Sample ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Digital Entrepreneurship

This study aimed to test and evaluate the impact of Digital Entrepreneurship and its impact on digital supply chains in Jordanian hotels, and the mediating role of digital supply chains in this relationship. The descriptive analytical method was used, and the study population consisted of (835) male and female employees, and a random sample was used with a simple random sample of (342) participants. To achieve the objectives of the study, a developed questionnaire was used to collect data from the sample members. The study adopted the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS.V.22) and Structural Equations Modeling (SEM) using the AMOS program for path analysis and to perform statistical analysis using: Descriptive and inferential statistics measures, including Multiple linear regression, Pearson correlation coefficient, skew coefficient, multiple linear correlation, variance inflation coefficient and permissible variance. The study reached results, the most important of which were: The most important results of the study were: the presence of an important impact of Digital Entrepreneurship in digital supply chains and the presence of a significant impact of Digital Entrepreneurship through business intelligence applications as an intermediate variable in digital supply chains. The study recommends the need to enhance Digital Entrepreneurship in Jordanian hotels by focusing on the holistic view of these hotels and their environment, whether the internal environment that focuses on strengths and weaknesses in the hotel’s capabilities or their external environment that brings opportunities and challenges.

scholarly journals A Qualitative Study of Women’s Decisions Not to Have a Hysterectomy

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Fredericks
Keyword(s):  
Meaning Making ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Informed Choice ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
The Body ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Knowledge Requirements ◽  
The Impact ◽  
System Characteristics

In focusing on individual and physician demographics and system characteristics that lead to hysterectomy rate variations, researchers overlook the impact of culturally mediated meanings women assign to their bodies, hysterectomy, and other treatments. In this study I sought to provide a fuller description of this decision - making process by examining the role of meaning making in women’s decision not to have a hysterectomy. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, nine women diagnosed with menstrual disorders in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada each took part in a semi - structured interview. Factors deemed “irrational” in bio medical understandings of informed choice played a significant role in participants’ decisions not to have a hysterectomy. When these factors are hidden, they cannot be properly addressed during the treatment selection process. By shifting the approach to informed choice to incorporate a holistic view of the body and knowledge, requirements for informed choice may be more likely to be met.

scholarly journals Systems and classical biology approaches unraveled role of olfactory receptors in progression of kidney fibrosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Motahharynia ◽  
Shiva Moein ◽  
Farnoush Kiyanpour ◽  
Kobra Moradzadeh ◽  
Yousof Gheisari
Keyword(s):  
Systems Biology ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Olfactory Receptors ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Kidney Fibrosis ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe olfactory receptors (ORs) which are mainly known as odor-sensors in the olfactory epithelium are distributed in several non-sensory tissues. Despite the specified role of some of these receptors in normal physiology of the kidney, little is known about their potential effect in renal disorders. In this study, using the holistic view of systems biology, it was determined that ORs are significantly changed during the progression of kidney fibrosis. For further validation, common differentially expressed ORs resulted from reanalysis of two time-course microarray datasets were selected for experimental evaluation in a validated murine model of unilateral ureteral obstruction. Transcriptional analysis demonstrated considerable changes in the expression pattern of Olfr433, Olfr129, Olfr1393, and Olfr161 during the progression of kidney fibrosis. In conclusion, our results highlight the impact of systems biology in determination of the underlying mechanisms of chronic diseases and indicate the importance of time-course approaches to unravel the patterns of gene expression. The novel ORs proposed in this study could be the subject of further functional investigations in the kidney.

scholarly journals Imagining tomorrow's university: open science and its impact

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adina Howe ◽  
Michael D. Howe ◽  
Amy L Kaleita ◽  
D. Raj Raman
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Inquiry ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Multilevel Approach ◽  
The Future ◽  
University Level ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact

As part of a recent workshop entitled "Imagining Tomorrow's University”, we were asked to visualize the future of universities as research becomes increasingly data- and computation-driven and identify a set of principles characterizing pertinent opportunities and obstacles presented by this shift. In order to establish a holistic view, we take a multilevel approach and examine the impact of open science on individual scholars as well as the university as a whole. At the university level, open science presents a double-edged sword: when well executed, open science can accelerate the rate of scientific inquiry across the institution and beyond; however, haphazard or half-hearted efforts are likely to squander valuable resources, diminish university productivity and prestige, and potentially do more harm than good. We present our prespective on the role of open science at the university.

scholarly journals Biological Legacies and Rockfall: The Protective Effect of a Windthrown Forest

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1141
Author(s):  
Maximiliano Costa ◽  
Niccolò Marchi ◽  
Francesco Bettella ◽  
Paola Bolzon ◽  
Frédéric Berger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Shielding Effect ◽  
Mountain Forests ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Salvage Logging ◽  
Biological Legacies ◽  
The Impact

Windstorms represent one of the main large-scale disturbances that shape the European landscape and influence its forest structure, so post-event restoration activities start to gain a major role in mountainous forest management. After a disturbance event, biological legacies may enhance or maintain multiple ecosystem services of mountain forests such as protection against natural hazards, biodiversity conservation, or erosion mitigation. However, the conservation of all these ecosystem services after stand-replacing events could go against traditional management practices, such as salvage logging. Thus far, the impact of salvage logging and removal of biological legacies on the protective function of mountain stands has been poorly studied. Structural biological legacies may provide protection for natural regeneration and may also increase the terrain roughness providing a shielding effect against gravitational hazards like rockfall. The aim of this project is to understand the dynamics of post-windthrow recovery processes and to investigate how biological legacies affect the multifunctionality of mountain forests, in particular the protective function. To observe the role of biological legacies we performed 3000 simulations of rockfall activity on windthrown areas. Results show the active role of biological legacies in preventing gravitational hazards, providing a barrier effect and an energy reduction effect on rockfall activity. To conclude, we underline how forest management should take into consideration the protective function of structural legacies. A suggestion is to avoid salvage logging in order to maintain the multifunctionality of damaged stands during the recovery process.

Natural disturbances and protective effect: the role of biological legacies in protection forests

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximiliano Costa ◽  
Niccolò Marchi ◽  
Irene Trevisan ◽  
Davide Marangon ◽  
Emanuele Lingua
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Natural Disturbance ◽  
Shielding Effect ◽  
Natural Disturbances ◽  
Mountain Forests ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Salvage Logging ◽  
Biological Legacies ◽  
The Impact

<p>Natural disturbance regimes are expected to be greatly altered in the next future byclimatechanges (e.g.increase in frequency and intensity, changing in seasonality). Among natural disturbances, windstorms represent one of the main large-scale factor that shape European landscape and that influence European forest structure. Moreover, windstorms may affect ecosystem services that are normally provided by mountain forests such as protection against natural hazards, conservation of biodiversity or erosion mitigation. However, after a disturbance event, structural biological legacies, like deadwood, may enhance or maintain some of these ecosystem services. After a stand-replacing event, the conservation or fast restoration of all these services should be the target of post disturbance management, but currently traditional practices (mainly salvage logging) are often leading to their depletion. The study of the impact of salvage logging (i.e. the removal of almost all the biological legacies) on the protective function of mountain stands has been poorly addressed. Structural biological legacies (i.e. snags, logs, stumps) may provide protection for the natural regeneration as well as they may increase the terrain roughness, providing a shielding effect against gravitative hazards like rockfall. The aim of the present study was to investigate how biological legacies affect the multifunctionality of mountain forests, focusing on the protective function. To observe the role of biological legacies we performed software simulations of rockfall activity on windthrown areas located in the Dolomites, region highly affected by the Vaia windstorm in October 2018.  Results showed the short-term important role of biological legacies in mitigating rockfall propagation, mainly as barrier effect rather than an energy reduction effect. After a natural disturbance, forest management should take into consideration the residual protective function of structural legacies. Salvage logging operations should be limited in areas where rockfall hazard is high, in order to take advantage on the multifunctionality of biological legacies during the recovery process.</p>

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