Knowledge Requirements and Unmet Needs of Informal Caregivers of Patients with End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) Receiving Haemodialysis: A Narrative Review

Background: Patients with end-stage kidney disease receiving haemodialysis rely heavily on informal caregivers to support them living at home. Informal caregiving may exact a toll on caregivers’ physical, emotional, and social well-being, impacting negatively on their overall quality of life. The aim of this narrative review is to report knowledge requirements and needs of informal caregivers of patients with end stage kidney disease (ESKD) receiving haemodialysis. Methods: The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Reporting Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA). Five electronic databases were searched: Web of Science, PsycINFO, Embase, Medline, and CINAHL to identify the experiences and unmet needs of informal caregivers of patients with end stage kidney disease (ESKD) receiving haemodialysis. Results: Eighteen papers were included in the review and incorporated a range of methodological approaches. There are several gaps in the current literature around knowledge and informational needs and skills required by informal caregivers, such as signs and symptoms of potential complications, dietary requirements, and medication management. Although most research studies in this review illustrate the difficulties and challenges faced by informal caregivers, there is a paucity of information as to which support mechanisms would benefit caregivers. Conclusion: Informal caregivers provide invaluable assistance in supporting people with ESKD undergoing haemodialysis. These informal caregivers however experience multiple unmet needs which has a detrimental effect on their health and negatively influences the extent to which they can adequately care for patients. The development of supportive interventions is essential to ensure that informal caregivers have the requisite knowledge and skills to allow them to carry out their vital role.

Constructive Application of Critical Thinking Skills in Higher Education Tbilisi Open Teaching University

Almost everyone agrees that critical thinking is an essential skill in 21st-century, without which success in the modern world and in the future is simply unimaginable. Is it possible to teach critical thinking? -yes, it is possible. In the process of learning and even after graduation, you are expected to think critically, read and write, express your own thoughts and ideas. Therefore, teaching this competence is most beneficial. Therefore, our goal is to establish effective strategies for developing critical thinking methods and assessment tools that will enable students to develop critical, creative, and reflective thinking. The research presented in the article is based on critical thinking skill development framework, which describes critical thinking with core elements: knowledge construction, evaluating reasoning and decision making. The survey was conducted at Tbilisi Open University in April 2021 among bachelor students. Its aim was to identify how well our students identify the knowledge requirements necessary to solve a problem, understand an issue or answer a question; if they can selectively apply the most pertinent criteria to evaluate sources of information depending on the information needed; how well they manage to identify logical patterns and subtle connections within and across data and information from a range of sources.

A Process Oriented Knowledge Audit for a Small Software Development Company in New Zealand

<p>This study is a knowledge audit that focuses on one of New Zealand’s leading small software development companies, and examines one of the company’s most important processes in great detail to uncover and categorise the knowledge requirements in the selected process. Because the majority of knowledge items examined are implicit and must be studied in light of the surrounding context, the knowledge audit used qualitative research methods that analyse tasks and knowledge items in conjunction with the process these items are part of.</p>

A Process Oriented Knowledge Audit for a Small Software Development Company in New Zealand

<p>This study is a knowledge audit that focuses on one of New Zealand’s leading small software development companies, and examines one of the company’s most important processes in great detail to uncover and categorise the knowledge requirements in the selected process. Because the majority of knowledge items examined are implicit and must be studied in light of the surrounding context, the knowledge audit used qualitative research methods that analyse tasks and knowledge items in conjunction with the process these items are part of.</p>

RedHerd: Offensive Cyberspace Operations as a Service

Nowadays, time, scope and cost constraints along with knowledge requirements and personnel training constitute blocking restrictions for effective Offensive Cyberspace Operations (OCO). This paper presents RedHerd, an open-source, collaborative and serverless orchestration framework that overcomes these limitations. RedHerd leverages the ‘as a Service’ paradigm in order to seamlessly deploy a ready-to-use infrastructure that can be also adopted for effective simulation and training purposes, by reliably reproducing a real-world cyberspace battlefield in which red and blue teams can challenge each other. We discuss both the design and implementation of the proposed solution, by focusing on its main functionality, as well as by highlighting how it perfectly fits the Open Systems Architecture design pattern, thanks to the adoption of both open standards and wide-spread open-source software components. The paper also presents a complete OCO simulation based on the usage of RedHerd to perform a fictitious attack and fully compromise an imaginary enterprise following the Cyber Kill Chain (CKC) phases.

Semiautomatic Generation of Code Ontology Using ifcOWL in Compliance Checking

Code compliance checking is a very important step in engineering construction, but most of code compliance checking relies on manual review at present. With the development of semantic web technology, ontology can be used to represent code information and check the code automatically. However, code ontology is established manually by researchers who have sufficient domain knowledge, in which it is easy to cause poor hierarchical structure of classes. It is also possible for code ontology not being suitable for compliance check. This paper proposes a semiautomatic construction method of railway code ontology based on ifcOWL. The railway code ontology is developed by converting ifcOWL which extends semantic information of railway code. This method can ensure the completeness of the hierarchical relationship of the classes in code ontology with good scalability, which makes use of taxonomy in ifcOWL. The establishment of ontology is divided into two processes with low coupling, namely, extension and conversion, which reduces the domain knowledge requirements of the researchers. Finally, a practical specification is selected to generate a code ontology that achieves some clauses checking.

A Knowledge Approach for the Library Sciences

Like chemistry's table of elements, the knowledge spectrum organizes a large amount of information about knowledge, dividing intelligent behavior into its essential cognitive elements. This paper describes a way to catalog, measure, and analyze organization knowledge requirements and knowledge resources through inheritance of knowledge spectrum properties. Business process knowledge requirements trees and employee knowledge profiles would be created to permit knowledge requirements fulfillment analyses.

Book Review: Filsafat Ilmu: Menelusuri Jejak Integrasi Filsafat, Sains, dan Sufisme (The Philosophy of Science: Tracking the Integration of Philosophy, Science, and Sufism

The book entitled "Filsafat Ilmu: Menelurusi Jejak Integrasi Filsafat, Sains, dan Sufisme (Philosophy of Science: Tracing the Paths of Integration of Philosophy, Science and Sufism)" has a total page of 192 pages with very dense and concise content in both language and weight. This book was written by Dr. Asep Salahudin, who is vice-chancellor of IAILM Suryalaya academic years 2016-2020, chairman of West Java PWNU Lakpesdam 2017-2021, lecturer at FIS Unpad and Postgraduate UIN Bandung, and Expert Staff of the Presidential Work Unit for Pancasila Ideology Development 2017-2018. He also received many awards and written works, with one of the recently published books being this book itself. The book written by Asep Salahudin has ten chapters, most of which contain philosophy from an Islamic point of view, while the rest are explanations of philosophy in general. Thus, the author divides into two parts of ten chapters, namely the first five chapters contain a description of philosophy in general which consists of chapters 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6, while the last five chapters are chapters 4, 7, 8, 9, and 10 contains about philosophy from an Islamic perspective applied by previous Islamic philosophers. The purpose of writing this book is to answer matters related to knowledge requirements to become science and to make Islamic philosophy revive in today's modern era, as it was at the peak of its previous glory. As a result of this goal, the book written by Asep Salahudin discusses the general version of the philosophy of science and the Islamic version of the philosophy of science. This general version of the philosophy of science explains the general picture of philosophy itself, including the history of its development altogether. In contrast, this Islamic version of the philosophy of science explains philosophy from the perspective of Islamic philosophers, including criticizing western philosophical thought. Therefore, the purpose of writing this book is to describe the general version of the philosophy of science and Islam, which aims to make Islamic philosophy return to its previous heyday.

Anthroponyms from the pragmatic and communication perspective

The aim of this paper is to extend the model theory and the modeling of onymic signs by V. Blanár by a new pragmatic-communicative dimension. The central motive of the paper is the possibilities and limits of use of personal names in dialogic communication from the perspective of the speaker, and taking into account the addressee who, being a semantic-pragmatic and communication partner/interlocutor of the speaker, receives the locutionary and illocutionary components of discourse, addresses the meaning the speaker attributed to the generated oral discourse, and analyzes the pragmatically charged knowledge that has been transmitted/received during the interaction processes. The author will focus on the functional availability of anthroponyms in the locutionary and non-locutionary intersubjectivity. Both happen on the speaker – addressee axis, with the anthroponyms (i) identifying the speaker and/or (ii) identifying or contacting the addressee in the locutionary intersubjectivity, and indicating another bearer in the non-locutionary intersubjectivity. The identity of the bearer is either confirmed or contradicted by the speaker. Through the using of his/her proper name, the speaker also signals whether or not the bearer of the name belongs to his/her personal sphere. Using concrete language material, the author intends to verify the applicability of anthroponyms with regard to the communication flexibility of the speaker, respect for the rules of cultural partnership in communication and some leeway in the knowledge requirements and expectations toward the addressee, since cooperation and courtesy involving empathy, respect, tactfulness and solidarity are the presumed components of verbal behaviour of both interlocutors.