Genetic diversity and population structure of disjunct Newfoundland and central Ontario populations of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus)

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 500-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Om P. Rajora ◽  
Linda DeVerno ◽  
Ale× Mosseler ◽  
David J. Innes
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine

Genetic diversity and population structure of disjunct Newfoundland and central Ontario populations of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus)

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 500-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Om P Rajora ◽  
Linda DeVerno ◽  
Alex Mosseler ◽  
David J Innes
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Population Bottleneck ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Allozyme Loci

The dramatic decline of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) populations in Newfoundland over the past 100 years presents an opportunity to determine and monitor population bottleneck effects on genetic diversity in trees. To provide benchmarks and indicators for monitoring genetic changes due to recent and future bottleneck events and to assist development of conservation strategies, we assessed genetic diversity and structure of six small, isolated white pine populations from two regions at the limits of its geographical range in Newfoundland for comparison with three populations from its central range in Ontario for 20 allozyme loci coding for 12 enzymes. On average, 47.8% of the loci were polymorphic, the number of alleles per locus was 1.75, and the observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.215 and 0.195, respectively. Although most of the alleles were widespread, unique alleles were found in three of the nine populations examined. The Newfoundland populations were as genetically variable as those from Ontario. Generally, all populations exhibited slight excess of heterozygotes at most loci. Only 6.1% of the detected genetic variation was among populations, and the remainder among individuals within populations. The genetic distances among the populations within a province or region were as great as those among populations between the provinces or regions. Canonical discriminant functions and cluster analysis from genetic distances separated nine populations into the same four groups. Neither provincial nor regional or geographic gradient-related patterns of population variation and differentiation were apparent. It appears that 8000 years of postglacial geographic isolation and recent population decline have had little or no detectable effect on genetic diversity or differentiation of disjunct Newfoundland white pine populations from their ancestral mainland populations. Assuming their adaptability, the Ontario seed sources may be acceptable for white pine restoration in Newfoundland.Key words : Pinus strobus, allozymes, gene conservation, genetic diversity and population structure, genetic drift, population bottleneck.

scholarly journals AIR-LAYERING OF EASTERN WHITE PINE (Pinus strobus L.)

1959 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Farrar ◽  
W. D. McJannet
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine

Genetic structure and variability in Pinusstrobus in Quebec

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1726-1733 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Beaulieu ◽  
J.-P. Simon
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Bonferroni Procedure ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Very High

The level of genetic diversity of natural populations of eastern white pine (Pinusstrobus L.) from Quebec was estimated from allozyme variants of 18 loci coding 12 enzyme systems. On average, a white pine population was polymorphic at 50.6% of loci, had 1.96 alleles and 1.22 effective alleles per locus, and observed and expected heterozygosities of 0.176 and 0.180, respectively. The level of genetic diversity was lower in the populations of the St. Lawrence lowlands than in those of western Quebec. This observation will help in guiding the selection program of the eastern white pine improvement program under way in Quebec. Genetic differentiation among sampled populations was weak and accounted for only 2% of the total diversity. The estimate of gene flow was very high, resulting in low values for genetic distances among populations. Only one locus showed a heterogeneity of allelic frequencies among populations after the Bonferroni procedure was applied for simultaneous statistical tests. A cluster analysis based on genetic distances among populations revealed that the Anticosti and Abitibi populations, located at the limit of the natural range of white pine, were similar to populations from regions that were geographically the most distant.

scholarly journals Dendrochronological Analyses and Whole-Tree Dissections Reveal Caliciopsis Canker (Caliciopsis pinea) Damage Associated with the Declining Growth and Climatic Stressors of Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus)

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 347
Author(s):  
Kara K.L. Costanza ◽  
William H. Livingston ◽  
Shawn Fraver ◽  
Isabel A. Munck
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Eastern White Pine ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Biological Impacts ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Whole Tree

Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) is considered a signature species in eastern North America, particularly in New England. In recent years, however, white pine has experienced increased damage due to native pathogens that reduce the species’ growth, productivity, and economic value. One disease of concern is Caliciopsis canker, caused by the fungal pathogen Caliciopsis pinea, which is associated with excessive resin production, cankers, rough bark, bark fissures/cracks, and reduced growth in white pine. Recent studies have documented the extent of Caliciopsis canker in New England and its association with soil and stocking conditions, yet few studies have focused on the biological impacts of the disease. This study used dendrochronology and whole-tree dissections to reconstruct Caliciopsis canker history in three New England white pine sites, quantify its impact on tree growth and vigor, identify pre-disposing factors, and assess potential silvicultural management options. Dendrochronology and whole-tree dissections provided a unique insight into canker damage throughout trees’ development. Canker damage was first reported in New Hampshire in the mid-1990s, yet cankers were present as far back as 1967 and have steadily increased since the mid-1980s. Increased canker damage was significantly associated with decreased live crown ratios and declining tree growth. Trees maintaining a 30% live crown ratio or greater generally experienced the least canker damage. Furthermore, peaks in canker occurrence were consistent across sites, indicating a regional synchronization of infection and damage. Canker damage was closely associated with climatic events such as droughts and a New England hurricane. The results suggest that Caliciopsis canker has been affecting white pine health over the last 40 years, and that the disease has become more prevalent in the past 20–30 years. Yet, our results suggest that if silvicultural prescriptions target low density thinnings that favor trees with higher live crown ratios (>30%) and low Caliciopsis symptom severity ratings, the risk of canker damage can be reduced in white pine stands.

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