First evidence for the conifer Pinus, as Pinuxylon selmeierianum sp. nov., during the Paleogene on Wootton Peninsula, northern Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Dolezych ◽  
Lutz Reinhardt
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Fossil Wood ◽  
Ellesmere Island ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Pinus Lambertiana ◽  
Anatomical Characteristics ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Petrified Wood

We describe a new fossil wood species of pine, Pinuxylon selmeierianum sp. nov., for a piece of petrified wood encased within a concretion that was recovered in marine, fine-grained sandstones of the Paleogene Eureka Sound Group on Wootton Peninsula, Ellesmere Island. The fossil wood is allochthonous, having drifted in from a nearby landmass. Within the fossil wood genus Pinuxylon Gothan, 1905, Pinuxylon selmeierianum sp. nov. shares anatomical characteristics with the haploxylon sections Parrya Mayr, 1890 and Strobus Little and Critchfield, 1969. The new species is most closely related to the extant Pinus lambertiana Douglas, 1827, a species belonging to section Strobus. Our study provides the first evidence for a fossil Pinus Linné, 1753 on Wootton Peninsula, supporting the idea that Pinus was an “Arctic conifer”, and providing insights into Paleogene vegetation at high latitudes.

scholarly journals Anatomical characteristics of fossil wood collected from the Manchar Formation (Miocene), Thano Bula Khan, Sindh, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Noorulain Soomro ◽  
Jamal Uddin Mangi ◽  
Mahjabeen Panhwer ◽  
Ghulam Hussain Jatoi ◽  
Sajjad Ali Khuhro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Fossil Wood ◽  
Anatomical Characteristics ◽  
Forest Flora ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Petrified Wood ◽  
Different Parts

The characterization of petrified wood provides valuable information about paleoclimatology and geological history and helps to reconstruct the past forest flora of different parts of the earth. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anatomical characteristics of fossil wood of the Miocene age collected from the Manchar Formation exposed at Thano Bula Khan, Sindh, Pakistan. In order to carry out a detailed anatomical investigation, three-dimensional sections were prepared using a petrotome. The microscopic analysis allowed us to study vessel size and arrangement, wood parenchyma, fibers, and xylem rays. Based on the comparison between recent and fossil wood, we concluded that the investigated characters are comparable with those of the genus Atalantia Corrêa of the Rutaceae family. Therefore, it was named as Atalantioxylon thanobolensis sp. nov. with reference to the location of Thano Bula Khan from which the fossil wood was collected.

PETRIFIED WOOD FROM THE FARAFRA OASIS, EGYPT

IAWA Journal ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwah M. Kamal El-Din
Keyword(s):  
Wood Species ◽  
Fossil Wood ◽  
Petrified Wood ◽  
First Time

Two fossil wood species Celastrinoxylon celastroides and Ficoxylon cretaceum are reported and described for the first time from the Farafra Oasis in Egypt. They are compared to earlier descriptions of these species from Egypt and other parts of Africa.

Influence of anatomy on the adhesion performance of four wood species

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e31942727
Author(s):  
João Gabriel Missia da Silva ◽  
Pedro Nicó de Medeiros ◽  
Denise Ransolin Soranso ◽  
Vinicius Peixoto Tinti ◽  
José Tarcísio da Silva Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Glue Line ◽  
Anatomical Characteristics ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Adhesion Performance ◽  
Adhesion Process

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of anatomical characteristics on the adhesion performance of Vatairea sp., Paulownia sp., Aspidosperma populifolium and Tectona grandis wood. Specimens for anatomical, physical and mechanical analyzes were produced from tangentially oriented boards. The treatments were joint glued from pieces of the same anatomical orientation (radial and tangential), evaluated for shear strength and glue line failure. The Vatairea sp wood had the highest specific gravity (0.74 g cm-3) and the Paulownia sp (0.34 g cm-3) wood was smaller. Aspidosperma populifolium species showed the highest shear strength in the glue line in the tangential and radial faces. The anatomical variables with higher influence on the wood adhesion process were pith ray cells and especially fibers that exhibit the greatest correlation with the shear strength of the glue line.

Sur l'anatomie et les affinites du Dadoxylon (Araucarioxylon) sahariense nov. sp., bois fossile du Continental intercalaire de l'Emi-Fezzan

1956 ◽  
Vol S6-VI (1-3) ◽  
pp. 227-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Veillet-Bartoszewska
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Fossil Wood ◽  
Continental Intercalaire ◽  
Continental Deposits ◽  
Identification Of Species ◽  
A New Species

Abstract Describes a new species of fossil wood--Dadoxylon (Araucarioxylon) sahariense--from continental deposits of the Emi-Fezzan region (Libia) in the Sahara. The new species is compared with other African Mesozoic Araucariaceae, and a key to the identification of species is presented.

Frasnian-Famennian transition in western Thailand: conodonts, biofacies, eustatic changes, extinction

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 476-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman M. Savage
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Taxa ◽  
New Subspecies ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Extinction Event ◽  
Forced Regression ◽  
Possible Cause ◽  
Northwestern Thailand

AbstractThe biofacies of the Lower Palmatolepis rhenana Biozone to Palmatolepis triangularis Biozone in the Mae Sariang section, northwestern Thailand, are marked by alternations of Palmatolepis-dominated biofacies and Polygnathus-dominated biofacies related to fluctuations in seawater depth. Fine-grained limestone accumulated through the Lower Palmatolepis rhenana Biozone, Upper Palmatolepis rhenana Biozone, Palmatolepis linguiformis Biozone, Palmatolepis subperlobata Biozone, and Palmatolepis triangularis Biozone. A regression in the Upper rhenana Zone was followed by a recovery transgression that extended up through the linguiformis Zone. Conodont faunas increased until near the end of the linguiformis Zone, but in the overlying subperlobata Zone and triangularis Zone, conodont numbers dropped and most conodont species disappeared. It is possible the event coincides with a glacially forced regression, but there is no evidence of this in the section apart from a positive spike in δ13C. Another possible cause of the global marine extinction event is toxic levels of metals resulting from widespread volcanism. New taxa in this paper are Palmatolepis chaemensis new species, Palmatolepis thamensis new species, and Polygnathus tenellus surinensis new subspecies.UUID: http://zoobank.org/f2b55ba8-fe49-46f6-a2d5-bfd0208f1460

I. Whiteite, a new species, and a proposed nomenclature for the jahnsite-whiteite complex series. II. New data on xanthoxenite. III. Salmonsite discredited

1978 ◽  
Vol 42 (323) ◽  
pp. 309-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Brian Moore ◽  
Jun Ito
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Yukon Territory ◽  
Breakdown Product ◽  
Pure Material ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Intimate Mixture ◽  
Species Type ◽  
A New Species

SummaryWhiteite, Ca(Fe,Mn)2+Mg2Al2(OH)2 (H2O)8[PO4]4, a 14·90(4) Å, b 6·98(2) Å, c 10·13(2) Å, β 113° 07(10)′, Z = 2, space group P2/a, α 1·580(5), β 1·585(5), γ 1·590(5), 2V 40–50°, specific gravity 2·58, is a new species from the Ilha de Taquaral, Minas Gerais, Brazil. It is the Al3+-analogue of jahnsite. The mineral occurs as up to 5 mm tan crystals flattened on {001}. Twinning by reflection on {001} leads to pseudoorthorhombic development. Rather pure material also occurs from Blow River, Yukon Territory, Canada.For the general formula XM(1)M(2)2M(3)2(OH)2 (H2O)8[PO4]4, it is proposed that for M(3), Al3+ > Fe3+, the established members of the series are whiteite—(CaFe2+Mg) and whiteite—(Mn2+Fe2+Mg); and for Fe3+ > Al3+, jahnsite—(CaMn2+Mg), jahnsite—(CaMn2+Fe2+), and possibly jahnsite—(Mn2+Mn2+Mn2+).Xanthoxenite of Laubmann and Steinmetz (1920) is probably stewartite (in part) on the basis of morphological, optical, physical, and paragenetic evidence. The xanthoxenite of Frondel (1949) is proposed as the species type. It is triclinic, P or P1, a 6·70(4) Å, b8·85(4) Å, c 6·54(3) Å, α 92·1(2)°, β 110·2(2)°, γ 93·2(2)°, Z = 1 for composition .Salmonsite, c. from Pala, California, is shown to be an intimate mixture of hureaulite and jahnsite on the basis of calculated and observed powder patterns and on reinterpretation of the original chemical analysis published by Schaller (1912). It is a breakdown product resulting from oxidation of Fe2+ in the original hureaulite (‘palaite’) along with further aquation followed by fine-grained recrystallization. The reaction proposed is:

scholarly journals Uranium Mineralization of Fossil Wood

Geosciences ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
George E. Mustoe
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Wood ◽  
Metal Sulfides ◽  
Silicate Mineral ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Organic Debris ◽  
Petrified Wood ◽  
Uranium Minerals ◽  
Ancient Wood ◽  
Common Opal ◽  
Ore Zones

Uraniferous sandstone deposits commonly resulted when uranium in groundwater precipitated in reducing environments caused by degradation of ancient wood and organic debris. However, the mineralogy of uranium in fossil wood has received relatively little study. Previous microscopic observations of petrified wood from a few uranium mines have demonstrated that uranium in fossil wood primarily involves the oxide mineral uraninite or the silicate mineral coffinite, often in association with metal sulfides such as chalcopyrite. These observations are applicable to primary ore zones that are located below the water table, where oxidation is inhibited. New analyses utilizing scanning electron microscopy and X-ray fluorescence (SEM/EDS) reveal that fossil wood from oxidized ore zones may contain a diverse variety of uranium minerals, including carnotite, tyuyamunite, and zippeite, as well as various vanadate and sulfate minerals. Uranium-bearing common opalized wood and stratiform common opal from two prospects in Nevada, USA, contain no identifiable uranium minerals. Instead, the element is dispersed in trace amounts within the opal.

The Selandian (Paleocene) mollusc fauna from Copenhagen, Denmark: the Poul Harder 1920 collection

2001 ◽  
pp. 1-85
Author(s):  
Kaj Ingemann Schnetler
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
The North ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
Near Shore ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Molluscan Fauna ◽  
Fine Grained Sand

NOTE: This monograph was published in a former series of GEUS Bulletin. Please use the original series name when citing this monograph. Schnetler, K. I. (2001). The Selandian (Paleocene) mollusc fauna from Copenhagen, Denmark: the Poul Harder 1920 collection. Geology of Denmark Survey Bulletin, 37, 1-85. https://doi.org/10.34194/dgub.v37.5021 A detailed study has been made of the molluscan fauna in the material collected by Poul Harder in 1920 from the classical Danish early Selandian (Late Paleocene) locality in the Lellinge Greensand at Sundkrogen (the harbour of Copenhagen). A description is also given of the now submerged locality.The Harder collection, which has remained virtually unstudied for more than 75 years, is discussed in the interesting historical context that it was not included in the monograph on the Paleocene of Copenhagen by J.P.J. Ravn in 1939. Ravn's study was based on material collected the same year from Sundkrogen by A. Rosenkrantz, and on material collected in the thirties from other localities in the Copenhagen area. Some material collected by A. Rosenkrantz and others, but not dealt with by J.P.J. Ravn, is also included in the present study. The long-lasting controversy about publication rights relating to the Sundkrogen material is recalled.Twenty-seven new species are introduced, viz. Portlandia (Yoldiella) nielseni n. sp., Plicatula selandica n. sp., Laternula (Laternulina) ravni n. sp., Dentalium (Dentalium) sundkrogensis n. sp., Solariella (Solariella) ravni n. sp., Solariella (Solariella) hauniensis n. sp., Teinostoma (Teinostoma) ledoni n. sp., Entomope kirstineae n. sp., Harrisianella subglabra n. sp., Bittium (Bittium) oedumi n. sp., Cerithiopsidella (Vatopsis) rasmusseni n. sp., Seila (Notoseila) heilmannclauseni n. sp., Seila (Notoseila) anderseni n. sp., Thereitis weinbrechti n. sp., Cirsotrema (Cirsotrema) hauniensis n. sp., Opalia (Pliciscala) thomseni n. sp., Charonia (Sassia) danica n. sp., Siphonalia arlejansseni n. sp., Astyris (Astyris) lappanni n. sp., Streptolathyrus danicus n. sp., Streptolathyrus lemchei n. sp., Cancellaria (sensu lato) jakobseni n. sp., Pseudocochlespira rosenkrantzi gen. et sp. n., Actaeopyramis marcusseni n. sp., Chrysallida (Parthenina) peterseni n. sp., Syrnola (Syrnola) granti n. sp. and Cingulina harderi n. sp. Within the Turridae, Pseudocochlespira n. gen. is established.A total of 182 taxons are listed. Of these, 36 are new for the Lellinge Greensand, and 60 have not previously been recorded from Sundkrogen. The study demonstrates that several genera have their first occurrence datum in the Selandian. The Selandian mollusc fauna from Sundkrogen and elsewhere in the Copenhagen area has no equivalent in the North Sea Basin, but faunas from boulders of Selandian age from the south-eastern part of Denmark and the southern part of Sweden demonstrate affinities with the Sundkrogen fauna, whereas the fauna from the Kerteminde Marl demonstrates a lesser degree of affinity.The palaeoenvironment is interpreted as a transgression of the Selandian Sea with erosion of the underlying Danian sediments. The near-shore environment was followed by gradually increasing water depth, resulting in deposits of fine-grained sand and finally dark clay. The dark clay was probably deposited in a deep inlet from the eastern margin of the Selandian Sea.

Evolution of Acmopyle and Dacrycarpus (Podocarpaceae) foliage as inferred from macrofossils in south-eastern Australia

1991 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 449 ◽  
Author(s):  
RS Hill ◽  
RJ Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Climatic Change ◽  
Convergent Evolution ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Early Oligocene ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
A New Species ◽  
South Eastern Australia

Macrofossil specimens of Dacrycarpus and Acmopyle from south-eastern Australia are investigated. The specimens previously assigned to D. praecupressinus are revised, with one placed in a different genus and new species, Podocarpus witherdenensis, and some placed in a new species, D. latrobensis. One specimen is retained as the lectotype of D. praecupressinus. Dacrycarpus eocenica is re-examined and it is concluded that this species is not Dacrycarpus, but probably belongs to an extinct podocarpaceous genus. Dacrycarpus setiger is transferred to Acmopyle, and three new Acmopyle species, A. florinii, A. glabra and A. tasmanica, are described. It is hypothesised that during the Tertiary in south-eastern Australia stomatal distribution was reduced on Dacrycarpus and Acmopyle foliage. In Dacrycarpus the bilaterally flattened foliage type (which has a greater photosynthetic area than the bifacially flattened foliage) became rare or extinct after the Early Oligocene, prior to the extinction of the genus in the region. Acmopyle has not been recorded in the region after the Early Oligocene. A trend towards reduction in leaf size at high latitudes has previously been demonstrated in angiosperms but not gymnosperms and, along with the reduction of stomatal distribution, probably represents convergent evolution in response to climatic change.

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