scholarly journals Invasion of Celtis tala forests by Ligustrum lucidum in Argentina: impact on soil properties and the arbuscular mycorrhizal community

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Abarca ◽  
Marcelo Daniel Barrera ◽  
Marcelo Arturi ◽  
Natalia Allegrucci ◽  
María Silvana Velazquez
Keyword(s):  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Ligustrum Lucidum ◽  
Invasive Tree ◽  
Central Western Argentina ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Invasive Tree Species ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Community

The arrival of invasive plants can cause drastic changes to ecosystems, such as the displacement of native plant communities and the disruption of ecological functions. <i>Ligustrum lucidum</i> is an invasive tree species that has been registered in numerous regions worldwide. We analysed the effect of the expansion of <i>L. lucidum</i> on the edaphic properties and mycorrhizal fungal communities in forests of <i>Celtis tala</i> located in central-western Argentina. Sampling sites were established along a gradient of invasion, in which we measured the forest structure and soil physical-chemical factors and identified the fungal species using morphological techniques. The analysis of the variance revealed severe changes in the tree structure and a decrease in the concentrations of organic matter and nitrogen in the invaded sites. Thirty-two Glomeromycota species were identified, belonging to 6 families. The abundance of <i>Dentiscutata cerradensis</i> decreased with the invasion, whereas <i>Funneliformis mosseae</i> and <i>Septoglomus constrictum</i> increased. The alpha diversity of the arbuscular mycorrhizal communities showed no differences between sites. The beta diversity decreased at invaded sites, indicating a tendency towards convergence and reduced variability in these communities in the presence of the exotic species.

Potential for Nonnative Endozoochorous Seed Dispersal by White-Tailed Deer in a Southeastern Maritime Forest

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren S. Pile ◽  
Geofeng Geoff Wang ◽  
Robert Polomski ◽  
Greg Yarrow ◽  
Claire M. Stuyck
Keyword(s):  
Timber Harvest ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Triadica Sebifera ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Invasive Tree ◽  
Maritime Forest ◽  
Invasive Tree Species

AbstractNonnative invasive plants (NNIP) have far-reaching effects on native ecosystems worldwide. Understanding the role of generalist seed dispersers in spreading NNIP across the landscape is important to the conservation of native ecosystems and to the management of NNIP. We studied white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) as a seed disperser in a mixed maritime pine (Pinus spp.) forests on Parris Island, SC, with particular interest in the dispersal of Chinese tallowtree [Triadica sebifera (L.) Small], a highly invasive tree species in the southeastern United States, which is a management concern on Parris Island, SC. We collected deer scat pellet groups along transects in two forest types: those that had recently been treated with silvicultural timber harvest (thinned) and those that have not been so treated (unthinned). Using two pellet-treatment methods, directly planting or rinsing and sorting, we determined that, out of 25 species grown under greenhouse conditions, 28% (n = 7) were nonnative, small-seeded, herbaceous species. However, T. sebifera was not identified in either of the two treatment methods. Recent forest thinning significantly affected the number of species determined in deer pellet groups (F = 8.37; df = 1; P < 0.01), with more native plant species identified in unthinned (x̄ = 25 ± 11) than in thinned (x̄ = 3 ± 10) forest stands (F = 5.33; df = 1; P = 0.02). Our results indicate that white-tailed deer are actively dispersing nonnative seeds but not those of T. sebifera or other woody NNIP.

scholarly journals Identifying Mechanisms for Successful Ecological Restoration with Salvaged Topsoil in Coastal Sage Scrub Communities

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina T. Schmidt ◽  
Mia Maltz ◽  
Priscilla Ta ◽  
Banafshe Khalili ◽  
Claudia Weihe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Donor Site ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Coastal Sage Scrub ◽  
Soil Restoration ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Degraded Ecosystems

Although aboveground metrics remain the standard, restoring functional ecosystems should promote both aboveground and belowground biotic communities. Restoration using salvaged soil—removal and translocation of topsoil from areas planned for development, with subsequent deposition at degraded sites—is an alternative to traditional methods. Salvaged soil contains both seed and spore banks, which may holistically augment restoration. Salvaged soil methods may reduce non-native germination by burying non-native seeds, increase native diversity by adding native seeds, or transfer soil microbiomes, including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), to recipient sites. We transferred soil to three degraded recipient sites and monitored soil microbes, using flow cytometry and molecular analyses, and characterized the plant community composition. Our findings suggest that salvaged soil at depths ≥5 cm reduced non-native grass cover and increased native plant density and species richness. Bacterial abundance at recipient sites were statistically equivalent to donor sites in abundance. Overall, topsoil additions affected AMF alpha diversity and community composition and increased rhizophilic AMF richness. Because salvaged soil restoration combines multiple soil components, including native plant and microbial propagules, it may promote both aboveground and belowground qualities of the donor site, when applying this method for restoring invaded and degraded ecosystems.

scholarly journals Impacts of invasive trees on alpha and beta diversity of temperate forest understories

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin K. Dyderski ◽  
Andrzej M. Jagodziński
Keyword(s):  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Alpha And Beta Diversity ◽  
Native Forests ◽  
Invasive Trees ◽  
Invasive Tree ◽  
Invasive Tree Species ◽  
Functional And Phylogenetic Diversity

Abstract Despite good recognition of distributions and spread mechanisms of the three most invasive trees in Europe (Prunus serotina, Quercus rubra and Robinia pseudoacacia), their impacts on forest biodiversity are unevenly recognized. Most studies cover only taxonomic alpha diversity, and only a single study included functional and phylogenetic diversity. Using a set of 186 study plots in western Poland we assessed the impacts of these invasive tree species on the alpha and beta taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity of understory vascular plants. Alpha diversity was higher in R. pseudoacacia forests and lower in Q. rubra forests compared to mature native forests. Compared to non-invaded plantations and forests, alpha diversity was higher in P. sylvestris plantations invaded by P. serotina, but lower in invaded nutrient-poor P. sylvestris forests. Alien species richness was higher and beta diversity was lower in forests invaded by P. serotina or R. pseudoacacia than in non-invaded forests. In contrast, beta diversity was higher in Q. rubra forests than in native forests. We proved that invaded forests differed from non-invaded forests in species composition, but not always with decreased alpha and beta diversity. Impacts of particular invasive species also depended on the reference ecosystem properties (here mature native forests, which did not always have the highest biodiversity), which is a source of inconsistency in previous studies, usually referring to single native ecosystem types.

Herbivory and the success of Ligustrum lucidum: evidence from a comparison between native and novel ranges

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lía Montti ◽  
María Marta Ayup ◽  
Roxana Aragón ◽  
Weilong Qi ◽  
Honghua Ruan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Invasion Success ◽  
Generalist Herbivore ◽  
Structure Damage ◽  
Ligustrum Lucidum ◽  
Introduced Range ◽  
Invasive Tree ◽  
Invasive Tree Species

Invasive plant species may benefit from a reduction in herbivory in their introduced range. The reduced herbivory may cause a reallocation of resources from defence to fitness. Here, we evaluated leaf herbivory of an invasive tree species (Ligustrum lucidum Aiton) in its native and novel ranges, and determined the potential changes in leaf traits that may be associated with the patterns of herbivory. We measured forest structure, damage by herbivores and leaf traits in novel and native ranges, and on the basis of the literature, we identified the common natural herbivores of L. lucidum. We also performed an experiment offering leaves from both ranges to a generalist herbivore (Spodoptera frugiperda). L. lucidum was more abundant and experienced significantly less foliar damage in the novel than in the native range, in spite of the occurrence of several natural herbivores. The reduced lignin content and lower lignin : N ratio in novel leaves, together with the higher herbivore preference for leaves of this origin in the laboratory experiment, indicated lower herbivore resistance in novel than in native populations. The reduced damage by herbivores is not the only factor explaining invasion success, but it may be an important cause that enhances the invasiveness of L. lucidum.

Occurrence of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Alberta, Canada

1993 ◽  
Vol 48 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 923-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Boyetchko ◽  
J. P. Tewari
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Glomus Aggregatum ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Spore Walls ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Three V A mycorrhizal fungal species were isolated from soils in Alberta, Canada and examined by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. Mature spores of Glomus aggregatum developed an outer hyaline wall which contained lower levels of calcium than the middle wall. Examination of G. pansihalos spores revealed a lower level of calcium in the outer evanescent wall as compared to the ornamented wall. When spores of Entrophospora infrequens were examined, the wall of the vesicle was found to contain similar levels of calcium as the ornamented wall of the spore. The significance of the results concerning the presence of calcium in mycorrhizal spore walls is discussed, as is the occurrence of the mycorrhizal species.

scholarly journals Elucidating the native sources of an invasive tree species, Acacia pycnantha, reveals unexpected native range diversity and structure

2013 ◽  
Vol 111 (5) ◽  
pp. 895-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joice Ndlovu ◽  
David M. Richardson ◽  
John R. U. Wilson ◽  
Martin O'Leary ◽  
Johannes J. Le Roux
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Invasive Tree ◽  
Invasive Tree Species

Leaf litter of invasive Chinese tallow (Triadica sebifera) negatively affects hatching success of an aquatic breeding anuran, the Southern Leopard Frog (Lithobates sphenocephalus)

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (8) ◽  
pp. 991-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.K. Adams ◽  
D. Saenz
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Leopard Frog ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Triadica Sebifera ◽  
Chinese Tallow ◽  
Invasive Tree ◽  
Invasive Tree Species

Chinese tallow (Triadica sebifera (L.) Small) is an aggressive invasive tree species that can be abundant in parts of its non-native range. This tree species has the capability of producing monocultures, by outcompeting native trees, which can be in or near wetlands that are utilized by breeding amphibians. Existing research suggests that leaf litter from invasive Chinese tallow reduces survival in larval anurans. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of Chinese tallow leaf litter on anuran eggs. We exposed eggs of the Southern Leopard Frog ( Lithobates sphenocephalus (Cope, 1886)) at various stages of development to different concentrations of Chinese tallow leaf litter to determine survival. Eggs in the earliest stages of development that we exposed to tallow leaf litter died, regardless of concentration; however, some more-developed eggs exposed to tallow leaf litter did hatch. We determined that the greater the concentration of tallow leaf litter, the lower the dissolved oxygen and pH levels we observed. We suggest that changes in these water-quality parameters are the cause of the observed mortality of anuran eggs in our experiments. Eggs exposed to water containing tallow leaf litter with dissolved oxygen <1.59 mg/L and a pH <5.29 did not survive to hatching.

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