scholarly journals Unraveling aerobic cultivable cellulolytic microorganisms within the gastrointestinal tract of sheep (Ovis aries) and their evaluation for cellulose biodegradation

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Yang ◽  
Jie Zhao ◽  
Bobo Wang ◽  
Zhisheng Yu
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Cellulose Degradation ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Its Sequence ◽  
Cellulose Structure ◽  
Rdna Its ◽  
Cellulolytic Microorganisms ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Cellulose Bioconversion ◽  
Congo Red Staining

Anaerobic cellulolytic microbes in gastrointestinal tract (GT) of ruminants have been well-documented, however, knowledge of aerobic microbes with cellulolytic activities in ruminant GT is comparably limited. Here, we unraveled aerobic cultivable cellulolytic microbes in GT of Ujimqin sheep (Ovis aries) and evaluated the cellulolytic potential of promising isolates. Twenty-two strains were found to possess cellulose degrading potential by Congo-red staining and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA/ITS sequence revealed that all strains belonged to nine genera, i.e., Bacillus, Streptomyces, Pseudomonas, Lactobacillus, Brachybacterium, Sanguibacter, Rhizobium, Fusarium, and Aspergillus. Strains with high cellulolytic activities were selected to further evaluate the various enzyme activities on lignocellulosic alfalfa hay (Medicago sativa). Among them, isolate Bacillus subtilis RE2510 showed the highest potential of cellulose degradation considering the high endoglucanase (0.1478 ± 0.0014 IU ml-1), exoglucanase (0.1735 ± 0.0012 IU ml-1) and β-glucosidase (0.3817 ± 0.0031 IU ml-1) after 10-day incubation with alfalfa hay. A significant destruction effect of the cellulose structure and the attachment of B. subtilis RE2510 to the hay were also revealed by using scanning electron microscope. This study expands our knowledge of aerobic cellulolytic isolates from GT of sheep and also highlights their potential application as microbial additive in the aerobic process of cellulose bioconversion.

Bioethanol Production of Cellulase Producing Bacteria from Soils of Agrowaste Field

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 643-655
Author(s):  
A. Thomas ◽  
M. Laxmi ◽  
A. Benny
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzymes ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Ethanolic Fermentation ◽  
Cellulose Bioconversion ◽  
Congo Red Staining ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

With decades of studies on cellulose bioconversion, cellulases have been playing an important role in producing fermentable sugars from lignocellulosic biomass. Copious microorganisms that are able to degrade cellulose have been isolated and identified. The present study has been undertaken to isolate and screen the cellulase producing bacteria from soils of agrowaste field. Cellulase production has been qualitatively analyzed in carboxy methylcellulose (CMC) agar medium after congo red staining and NaCl treatment by interpretation with zones around the potent colonies. Out of the seven isolates, only two showed cellulase production. The morphogical and molecular characterization revealed its identity as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The potential of organisms for bioethanol production has been investigated using two substrates, namely, paper and leaves by subjecting with a pre-treatment process using acid hydrolysis to remove lignin which acts as physical barrier to cellulolytic enzymes. Ethanolic fermentation was done using Saccharomyces cerevisiae for 24-48 h and then the bioethanol produced was qualitatively proved by iodoform assay. These finding proves that ethanol can be made from the agricultural waste and the process is recommended as a means of generating wealth from waste.

scholarly journals A new disease of strawberry, fruit rot, caused by Geotrichum candidum in China.

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 92-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma Wenyue ◽  
Zhang Ya ◽  
Wang Chong ◽  
Liu Shuangqing ◽  
Liao Xiaolan
Keyword(s):  
Late Stage ◽  
White Layer ◽  
Geotrichum Candidum ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Its Sequence ◽  
New Disease ◽  
Rdna Its ◽  
Black Spots ◽  
Spray Inoculation

A new disease of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) was discovered in the Lianqiao strawberry planting base in Shaodong County, in Hunan Province, China. In the early disease stage, leaves showed small black spots surrounded by yellow halos, while in the late stage, a white fluffy layer of mold appeared. Fruits were covered with a white layer of mold. The symptoms were observed using in vitro inoculation experiments. After the spray-inoculation of stabbed leaves, small black spots surrounded by yellow halos occurred on leaves, with no clear boundary between diseased and healthy areas. In the late stage, disease spots gradually expanded and a white fluffy layer of mold formed under humid conditions. Unstabbed leaves had almost no disease occurrence after spray-inoculation. After the spray-inoculation of stabbed fruits, by the late stage, a dense white layer of mold formed. According to Koch’s postulates, the isolated strain was verified as a pathogen. The pathogenic strain, designated SDLQ16, was isolated from diseased fruit by dilution method and tentatively identified as G. candidum based on the culture characteristics, morphologies, physio-biochemical analysis, and phylogenetic analysis of the rDNA-ITS sequence. The fungus was able to grow on different culture mediums, with a broad range of nutrition. The colonies on PDA medium were raised and pale white, with a neat edge and visible hyphae. The hyphae were friable but the spores were developing. Basal hyphae rapidly grew close to the medium to 3.2–4.2 µm in diameter, with septa and forked branches at acute angles. The solitary or beaded spores with smooth surfaces were 3.5–7.5 µm in length and 3.5–4.5 µm in width. This strain was able to gelatin liquefaction, proteolysis, grease, peptonised milk, urea, and so on. The pathogenicity on strawberry from strong to weak was: fruit > leaf > stem. A BLAST algorithm was used to query SDLQ16’s rDNA-ITS sequence (cloned and deposited as GenBank number KU373122) against the NCBI database, and it was located in the Acinetobacter sp. branch of a phylogenetic tree. SDLQ16 was most closely related to Geotrichum candidum ATCC34614 (GQ4580314.1), with a sequence similarity of 99%.

Study on the Factors and Degradation of Cellulose Degradation Bacteria

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
Song Liu
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Loss Rate ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Cellulose Degradation ◽  
Weight Loss Rate ◽  
High Efficient ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Congo Red Staining ◽  
Single Factor Experiment

This study obtained 12 microbial degradation of cellulose from perennial accumulation of cellulose waste soil, through Congo red staining, isolated high efficient bacteria N4 degradation of cellulose. The N4 strain degradation single factor experiment showed that: carbon concentration, incubation temperature and initial pH value influence on the degradation of filter paper. Through the orthogonal experimental study obtained: when the concentration of filter paper is 0.5%, culture temperature is 30 °C, initial pH is 8, N4 strain filter paper degradation rate reached optimal, filter paper weight loss rate of 68.92%.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization and pathogenicity of isolates of Beauveria spp. to fall armyworm

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréa Almeida Carneiro ◽  
Eliane Aparecida Gomes ◽  
Claudia Teixeira Guimarães ◽  
Fernando Tavares Fernandes ◽  
Newton Portilho Carneiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Sequence Comparison ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Its Sequence ◽  
Its Sequencing ◽  
Host Insect ◽  
Rdna Its

The objective of this work was to evaluate the pathogenicity of 24 Beauveria isolates to Spodoptera frugiperda larvae, and characterize them molecularly through rDNA-ITS sequencing and RAPD markers. Sequencing of rDNA-ITS fragments of 570 bp allowed the identification of isolates as B. bassiana or B. brongniarti by sequence comparison to GenBank. Sixty seven polymorphic RAPD fragments were capable to differentiate 20 among 24 Beauveria isolates, grouping them according to the derived host insect and to pathogenicity against maize fall armyworm larvae. Three RAPD markers were highly associated to the pathogenicity against S. frugiperda, explaining up to 67% of the phenotypic variation. Besides identification and molecular characterization of Beauveria isolates, ITS sequence and RAPD markers proved to be very useful in selecting the isolates potentially effective against S. frugiperda larvae and in monitoring field release of these microorganisms in biocontrol programs.

rDNA ITS Sequence Analysis of Different Cultivar Variety of Cornus officinalis

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-75
Author(s):  
Sui-Qing CHEN ◽  
Cheng-Xue PAN ◽  
Xiao-Lei LU ◽  
Li-Li WANG
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Its Sequence ◽  
Rdna Its ◽  
Cornus Officinalis ◽  
Its Sequence Analysis

Comparative metagenomic discovery of the dynamic cellulose-degrading process from a synergistic cellulolytic microbiota

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Yang ◽  
Jingjing Zhao ◽  
Yue Yuan ◽  
Xiaoyi Chen ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Cellulose Degradation ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Spatial Diversity ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Cellulolytic Microorganisms ◽  
Large Molecular Weight ◽  
Synergistic Degradation ◽  
New Perspective

Abstract Background As a green and sustainable bioenergy source, cellulose is difficult to degrade due to its large molecular weight and high structural complexity. Many cellulolytic microorganisms can secrete a series of enzymes to synergistically catalyze the cellulose degradation with a high efficiency. However, the inability to cultivate most of them, as well as their spatial diversity and temporal variability, limit the clear understanding of the relative area. Results To reveal the dynamic process of cellulose biodegradation, we cultivated a microbiota (FP) with efficient cellulose-degrading ability and compared the different stages of filter paper degradation. Ion chromatography and comparative metagenomic sequencing revealed that the diversity of FP enhanced as the complexity of hydrolysates increased, and the disturbance of FP was greater in early-intermediate than intermediate-final period. Sporocytophaga myxococcoides and Cohnella sp. CIP 111063 dominated the synergistic degradation of cellulose in early-intermediate and intermediate-late stages, respectively. Totally, 432 genes were annotated to cellulolytic pathways, and 363 and 231 unannotated genes were speculated to be related to the degradation of cellulose to cellodextrin/cello-oligosaccharide and cellobiose, respectively. Finally, according to the temporal changes in hydrolysates, community structure and gene abundances, a dynamic cellulose-degrading pathway was designed, which involved key cellulolytic species and enzymes in FP. Conclusions The cellulose-degrading pathway was established based on the dynamic analysis in microbiota FP, suggesting the collaboration and competition between species during cellulose degradation. Our work should provide a new perspective for the subsequent identification of key cellulolytic strains and enzymes and clarification the mechanism of cellulose biodegradation.

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