scholarly journals Fate of tetracycline antibiotics in dairy manure-amended soils

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne T. Pollard ◽  
Matthew J. Morra
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations ◽  
Animal Feeding Operations ◽  
Animal Feeding Operation ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
The Us ◽  
Animal Feeding

The US dairy industry has changed significantly during the past 20 years. The number of dairies declined 63% from 1997 to 2012 owing to the rise in concentrated animal feeding operations and the concomitant decline of small dairy farms. Efficient and cost-effective dairies adhering to the concentrated animal feeding operation business design are praised for their high milk production. However, with a per capita daily manure production of 55 kg, storage and disposal of manure at these large operations pose significant management challenges and environmental risks. Application to surrounding agricultural fields is a common practice for disposing of manure, but the fate and consequences of antibiotics present in dairy waste are issues of great concern. Although antibiotics in the environment promote microbial resistance, their risks to humans and the environment are not completely known. Understanding and predicting the fate of antibiotics from dairy manure in soils is complicated by the variability and complex interactions of soil factors in addition to the diversity of chemicals of emerging concern, their amphoteric structures, and potential antagonistic and synergistic interactions among chemicals of emerging concern. This review explores behavior of the tetracycline (TC) class of antibiotics from dairy manure in the soil environment. TC fate in soils depends significantly on soil pH, ionic strength, and soil organic matter (SOM). Molecular charge and physicochemical properties of TCs at typical soil pHs encourage strong sorption to soils; however, this interaction is complicated by organic matter and metals, and may also encourage development of antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, TC degradation products exhibit distinct properties from their parent compounds that also must be considered. Increased knowledge of the behavior of TC antibiotics in soil is needed to enable mitigation of their potential risks.

scholarly journals Estrogens: Properties, behaviors, and fate in dairy manure-amended soils

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 452-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne T. Pollard ◽  
Matthew J. Morra
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Business Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Animal Feeding Operations ◽  
Animal Feeding

In 2012 there were 63% fewer dairies in the United States than there were in 1997 as a result of conglomeration of the dairy industry into concentrated animal feeding operations at the expense of smaller farms. Today, 60% of all milk produced in the United States comes from 5% of the nation’s dairies (operations with ≥ 500 cows). Concentrated animal feeding operations are touted as economically efficient agricultural business models, hailed for their increased milk yields. Yet, with an average daily manure production of over 27 000 kg for a 500-head dairy farm, manure storage and disposal are serious management and environmental concerns. A common economical mode of manure disposal is application to nearby agricultural fields. However, a major concern with land application of dairy manure is the fate of manure-borne hormones, compounds considered chemicals of emerging concern, and the potential threat these hormones pose to humans and the environment. The fate of these chemicals in the soil environment is complicated by multiple edaphic variables including pH, mineralogy, organic matter, microbial activity, and redox status. Estrogens are sorbed by soil organic matter and transformed to nonbioactive, highly soluble conjugated forms or to metabolites that exhibit yet additional properties distinct from their parent compounds. However, deconjugation frequently occurs, regenerating endocrine-disrupting free estrogen compounds. It is challenging to fully understand the behavior and predict the fate of estrogenic compounds from dairy manure in soils because of variable and complex interactions with soil factors, as well as possible interactions among the different chemicals of emerging concern. This review focuses on the behavior of naturally occurring estrogen hormones present in dairy manure in the soil environment. Heightened understanding of the fate of these compounds in soil will enhance our ability to reduce their potential risks.

scholarly journals Reflections on Odor Management for Animal Feeding Operations

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 453
Author(s):  
Kevin Janni
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationship ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Management Research ◽  
Animal Feeding Operations ◽  
Animal Feeding Operation ◽  
Odor Emissions ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
Good Neighbor ◽  
Broad Overview

Most animal feeding operation owners recognize that they need to manage odors from their operations as part of their social relationship with their neighbors and local community. That was not always the case. Odors, whether pleasant or unpleasant, can evoke strong emotions and physiological responses. Odors from animal feeding operations are normally considered unpleasant and offensive if strong smelling and smelled often or for long periods of time. Animal feeding operation owners need to be aware of their odor emissions and the impacts the odors have on their neighbors and community. Good neighbor relations and effective communications can help identify odor problems and communicate what is being done to manage them. Odor management research and education includes odor basics, key processes including generation, emissions and dispersion, impacts, community and neighbor relations, and numerous mitigation practices. Animal feeding operation owners considering practices to reduce odor emissions or their impacts need to weigh the costs, expected effectiveness, and how the practice fits into the overall operation. Policymakers need science-based information to make informed decisions that balance the concerns and needs of neighbors and the community and the businesswomen and men that own and operate the animal feeding operations. This paper provides a broad overview of animal feeding operation odors and odor management.

Arsenic pollution of agricultural soils by concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs)

Chemosphere ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 273-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueping Liu ◽  
Wenfeng Zhang ◽  
Yuanan Hu ◽  
Erdan Hu ◽  
Xiande Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations ◽  
Arsenic Pollution ◽  
Animal Feeding Operations ◽  
Animal Feeding

scholarly journals Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs): chemical compositions and separation of sources

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 4945-4956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Yuan ◽  
Matthew M. Coggon ◽  
Abigail R. Koss ◽  
Carsten Warneke ◽  
Scott Eilerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations ◽  
Mobile Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
Animal Feeding Operations ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
Sulfur Containing

Abstract. Concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) emit a large number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to the atmosphere. In this study, we conducted mobile laboratory measurements of VOCs, methane (CH4) and ammonia (NH3) downwind of dairy cattle, beef cattle, sheep and chicken CAFO facilities in northeastern Colorado using a hydronium ion time-of-flight chemical-ionization mass spectrometer (H3O+ ToF-CIMS), which can detect numerous VOCs. Regional measurements of CAFO emissions in northeastern Colorado were also performed using the NOAA WP-3D aircraft during the Shale Oil and Natural Gas Nexus (SONGNEX) campaign. Alcohols and carboxylic acids dominate VOC concentrations and the reactivity of the VOCs with hydroxyl (OH) radicals. Sulfur-containing and phenolic species provide the largest contributions to the odor activity values and the nitrate radical (NO3) reactivity of VOC emissions, respectively. VOC compositions determined from mobile laboratory and aircraft measurements generally agree well with each other. The high time-resolution mobile measurements allow for the separation of the sources of VOCs from different parts of the operations occurring within the facilities. We show that the emissions of ethanol are primarily associated with feed storage and handling. Based on mobile laboratory measurements, we apply a multivariate regression analysis using NH3 and ethanol as tracers to determine the relative importance of animal-related emissions (animal exhalation and waste) and feed-related emissions (feed storage and handling) for different VOC species. Feed storage and handling contribute significantly to emissions of alcohols, carbonyls, carboxylic acids and sulfur-containing species. Emissions of phenolic species and nitrogen-containing species are predominantly associated with animals and their waste.

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