The adaptation of waste-to-energy technologies: towards the conversion of municipal solid waste into a renewable energy resource

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 435-446
Author(s):  
Obadia Kyetuza Bishoge ◽  
Xinmei Huang ◽  
Lingling Zhang ◽  
Hongzhi Ma ◽  
Charity Danyo
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Renewable Energy Resource ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Energy Technologies

Currently, there are an estimated 1.3 billion tonnes of municipal solid waste (MSW) generated per year globally, and this quantity is predicted to increase to 2.2 billion tonnes annually by 2025. If not well treated, this rapid growth of waste products can lead to socio-economic and environmental problems. Waste is potentially a misplaced valuable resource that can be converted and utilized in different ways such as renewable energy resources for the realization of sustainable development. Presently, waste-to-energy technologies (WtETs) are considered to be an encouraging advanced technology that is applied to convert MSW into a renewable energy resource (methane, biogas, biofuels or biodiesel, ethanol, syngas, or alcohol). WtETs can be biochemical (fermentation, anaerobic digestion, landfill with gas capture, and microbial fuel cell), thermochemical (incineration, thermal gasification, and pyrolysis), or chemical (esterification). This review mainly aims to provide an overview of the applications of these technologies by focusing on anaerobic digestion as biological (nonthermal) treatment technologies, and incineration, pyrolysis, and gasification processes as thermal treatment processes. Landfill gas utilization technologies, biological hydrogen production processes, and microbial fuel cells also are assessed. In addition, the contemporary risks and challenges of WtETs are reviewed.

scholarly journals Biogas Harvesting from Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste as a Renewable Energy Resource in Malaysia: A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 1477-1490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuruljannah Khairuddin ◽  
Latifah Abd Manaf ◽  
Mohd Ali Hassan ◽  
Wan Azlina Wan Abdul Karim Ghani ◽  
Normala Halimoon
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Organic Fraction ◽  
Renewable Energy Resource

scholarly journals Waste to Energy: A Focus on the Impact of Substrate Type in Biogas Production

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1224
Author(s):  
Nwabunwanne Nwokolo ◽  
Patrick Mukumba ◽  
KeChrist Obileke ◽  
Matthew Enebe
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Substrate Type

Anaerobic digestion is an efficient technology for a sustainable conversion of various organic wastes such as animal manure, municipal solid waste, agricultural residues and industrial waste into biogas. This technology offers a unique set of benefits, some of which include a good waste management technique, enhancement in the ecology of rural areas, improvement in health through a decrease of pathogens and optimization of the energy consumption of communities. The biogas produced through anaerobic digestion varies in composition, but it consists mainly of carbon dioxide methane together with a low quantity of trace gases. The variation in biogas composition are dependent on some factors namely the substrate type being digested, pH, operating temperature, organic loading rate, hydraulic retention time and digester design. However, the type of substrate used is of greater interest due to the direct dependency of microorganism activities on the nutritional composition of the substrate. Therefore, the aim of this review study is to provide a detailed analysis of the various types of organic wastes that have been used as a substrate for the sustainable production of biogas. Biogas formation from various substrates reported in the literature were investigated, an analysis and characterization of these substrates provided the pro and cons associated with each substrate. The findings obtained showed that the methane yield for all animal manure varied from 157 to 500 mL/gVS with goat and pig manure superseding the other animal manure whereas lignocellulose biomass varied from 160 to 212 mL/gVS. In addition, organic municipal solid waste and industrial waste showed methane yield in the ranges of 143–516 mL/gVS and 25–429 mL/gVS respectively. These variations in methane yield are primarily attributed to the nutritional composition of the various substrates.

Potential Utilization of Municipal Solid Waste of Gwalior City, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1530-1534
Author(s):  
Animesh Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Landfill Site ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Material Recovery ◽  
Management Scenario ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Material Recovery Facility

Abstract: This paper aims at determining the recent composition of municipal solid waste of Gwalior city and provide sa notion to take action and proposed economical & viable waste management technologies and techniques for effective utilization of waste. In this study, MSW samples were collected from the Kedarpur landfill site situated at Shivpuri link road and were analyzed for physical composition. The study reveals that Gwalior city produces a high quantity of biodegradable waste (58.03%) with high moisture content (68.60%) and plastic waste (15.96%). Waste composition and characterization disclosed that vigorous segregation is required before dispatching the waste for different treatment processes or landfilling. Based on this study, we may conclude that the combined mechanism of planning and implementation of waste-to-energy (WTE) technologies and treatment such as Anaerobic Digestion/ Bio-methanation, Material recovery facility (MRF), and Bio-remediation/Bio-mining for old existing waste and new generating waste is needed for upgrading the waste management scenario of the city. Keywords: Municipal solid waste (MSW), Kedarpur Landfill site, Composition & Characteristics, Waste to Energy, Anaerobic Digestion, Bio-Mining, Recycling & Materials Recovery Facility (MRF)

Renewable Energy Technologies in Africa: Retrospect & Prospects

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Judi Wangalwa Wakhungu
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Renewable Energy Resource ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Renewable Energy Technologies ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Tech Nologies ◽  
Traditional Patterns

Africa's renewable energy resource base is large. Traditional patterns of energy use have resulted in widespread environmental degradation. Renewable energy technologies are capable of harnessing this energy on a sustainable basis. However, despite some notable successes, efforts to disseminate these tech nologies have resulted in numerous failures. The failure of such efforts has been attributed to a variety of problems which have yet to be evaluated in a comprehensive and policy-relevant form. Such analysis is prerequisite to enabling policy-makers to act effectively.

scholarly journals Using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis to Select Waste to Energy Technology for a Mega City: The Case of Moscow

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 9828
Author(s):  
Anna Kurbatova ◽  
Hani Ahmed Abu-Qdais
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽  
Ahp Model ◽  
Priority Weights ◽  
Landfill Biogas

In a mega city like Moscow, both municipal solid waste management and energy systems are managed in an unsustainable way. Therefore, utilizing the municipal solid waste to generate energy will help the city in achieving sustainability by decreasing greenhouse gases emissions and the need for land to dispose the solid waste. In this study, various Waste to Energy (WTE) options were evaluated using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to select the most appropriate technology for the Moscow region. The developed AHP model consists of 4 levels, which assessed four WTE technologies, namely landfill biogas, anaerobic digestion, incineration, and refuse derived fuel (RDF), using four criteria and nine subcriteria. The pairwise comparison was achieved by soliciting 16 experts’ opinions. The priority weights of various criteria, subcriteria, and alternatives were determined using Expert Choice Software. The developed model indicated that landfill biogas is the preferred option with a global weight of 0.448, followed by the anaerobic digestion with a weight of 0.320 and incineration with a weight of 0.138, while the least preferred technology is the RDF with a weight of 0.094. Sensitivity analysis has shown that the priorities of WTE alternatives are sensitive for the environmental and technical criteria. The developed AHP model can be used by the decision makers in Moscow in the field of WTE.

scholarly journals Sustainable Waste-to-Energy Development in Malaysia: Appraisal of Environmental, Financial, and Public Issues Related with Energy Recovery from Municipal Solid Waste

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong ◽  
Bashir ◽  
Ng ◽  
Sethupathi ◽  
Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Msw Management ◽  
Energy Technologies

As Malaysia is a fast-developing country, its prospects of sustainable energy generation are at the center of debate. Malaysian municipal solid waste (MSW) is projected to have a 3.3% increase in annual generation rate at the same time an increase of 3.3% for electricity demand. In Malaysia, most of the landfills are open dumpsite and 89% of the collected MSW end up in landfills. Furthermore, huge attention is being focused on converting MSW into energy due to the enormous amount of daily MSW being generated. Sanitary landfill to capture methane from waste landfill gas (LFG) and incineration in a combined heat and power plant (CHP) are common MSW-to-energy technologies in Malaysia. MSW in Malaysia contains 45% organic fraction thus landfill contributes as a potential LFG source. Waste-to-energy (WTE) technologies in treating MSW potentially provide an attractive economic investment since its feedstock (MSW) is collected almost for free. At present, there are considerable issues in WTE technologies although the technology employing MSW as feedstock are well established, for instance the fluctuation of MSW composition and the complexity in treatment facilities with its pollutant emissions. Thus, this study discusses various WTE technologies in Malaysia by considering the energy potentials from all existing incineration plants and landfill sites as an effective MSW management in Malaysia. Furthermore, to promote local innovation and technology development and to ensure successful long-term sustainable economic viability, social inclusiveness, and environmental sustainability in Malaysia, the four faculties of sustainable development namely technical, economic, environmental, and social issues affiliated with MSW-to-Energy technologies were compared and evaluated.

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