Integrating the effects of fish exploitation and interspecific competition into current life history theories: an example with lacustrine brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Magnan ◽  
Raphaël Proulx ◽  
Michel Plante
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Age At Maturity ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Fish Exploitation ◽  
Males And Females

We used data from 17 populations of lacustrine brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) of the Canadian Shield, southern Quebec, to test whether early maturity (in males and females) and high reproductive effort (in females) are associated with increased (i) fish exploitation (sportfishing) and (ii) interspecific competition through their effects on growth and survival. The age at maturity of males and females was inversely related to the intensity of both fishing and interspecific competition. Fishing and interspecific competition affect the age at maturity through their effect on adult survival but not on growth, supporting predictions of life history models based on survival. In contrast, we did not find consistent effects of interspecific competition and fishing on the gonadosomatic index of females, which was directly related to survival (in all populations) and to the age at maturity (in exploited populations). These latter results are contrary to the predictions of life history models under the assumption that survival is directly related to growth rate. Our results suggest that reproductive effort and age at maturity are not dependent on growth when survival is independent of growth, as is the case in exploited and sympatric populations experiencing low adult survival but high growth.

Response of fish communities to different levels of white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) biomanipulation in five temperate lakes

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 1998-2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Brodeur ◽  
Pierre Magnan ◽  
Michel Legault
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Fish Communities ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Age At Maturity ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Mass Removal ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Different Levels

The goal of this study was to evaluate the response of white sucker (Catostomus commersoni), brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), and other fish species to the mass removal of white sucker in five Québec (Canada) lakes. White sucker removal ranged from 14.2 kg·ha–1 to 31.3 kg·ha–1 3 years after mass removal. In four of the study lakes, the proportion of 2+ to 4+ white sucker increased following mass removal. Mean catch and biomass per unit of effort of 1+ brook trout increased significantly in the lakes where white sucker removal was highest. All white sucker populations experienced growth increases after mass removal, and improved brook trout growth was observed in lakes where the most intensive mass removal occurred. These growth increases led to higher mean length at maturity in white sucker females and decreases in mean age at maturity in white sucker males and brook trout males and females. Mean adjusted fecundity significantly increased in white sucker and brook trout in lakes where mass removal was most intense. The present study suggests that white sucker and brook trout exhibit compensatory responses following a reduction of intra- and inter-specific competition and that these responses are related to the intensity of mass removal.

To fast or feed: an alternative life history for anadromous brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis overwintering within a harbour

2014 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 621-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Spares ◽  
M. J. Dadswell ◽  
J. MacMillan ◽  
R. Madden ◽  
R. K. O'Dor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis

Comparison of growth physiology, morphology, and smolt indicators in juvenile Lake Superior brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) strains in reference to life history variation

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 1596-1609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla A.V. Serfas ◽  
Anna Varian ◽  
Rachel Holman ◽  
Lindsey M. Watch ◽  
Jesse Karner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Relative Mass ◽  
Life History Variation ◽  
Rate Condition

Lake Superior supports fluvial, adfluvial, and lacustrine populations of brook trout ( Salvelinus fontinalis ). Adfluvial and lacustrine populations (termed coasters) are known for their large size and are coveted by anglers; however, little is known about their migratory habits or physiology. This study examined physiology and morphology of age 1+ lacustrine, adfluvial, and fluvial strains of brook trout in a laboratory setting. All strains in the study grew; however, there were no differences in growth rate, condition, relative mass, morphology, white muscle metabolic enzymes, or gill Na+,K+-ATPase that clearly associated with putative life history strategy. Both thyroxine and triiodothyronine varied over the study period, and the fluvial (resident) strain consistently showed lower thyroid hormone levels than the three coaster strains. We conclude that the populations compared differed at the strain level, but do not show physiological or morphological variability that clearly associates with life history strategy; the exception was that populations demonstrating the coaster phenotype had increased concentrations of plasma thyroid hormones, which may be linked to growth potential or other coaster-related characteristics such as migration.

Comparative Ecology and Behavior of Domestic, Hybrid, and Wild Strains of Brook Trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, after Stocking

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 2285-2292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Lachance ◽  
Pierre Magnan
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Niche Shift ◽  
Feeding Niche ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Wild Strains ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Sexually Mature

Two years after planting in six small oligotrophic lakes, domestic, hybrid and wild strains of brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, used space and food resources in the same way as native trout. Although trout living with or without white sucker, Catostomus commersoni, were similarly spatially distributed, they had different diets, suggesting a feeding niche shift of trout in the presence of sucker; we concluded that this shift is under phenotypic control because each planted strain came from similar genetic backgrounds. Sexual maturity was related to the size of individuals, regardless of the strain, and males matured before females. Almost all males and females were sexually mature in the first fall after stocking except wild females (3.0 and 75% matured during the first and second fall, respectively). Gonadosomatic indices (GSI) of domestic and hybrid females were similar during the first fall, but the GSI of domestic females was significantly higher than that of hybrid and wild strains in the second fail. Mean egg diameters were similar among the three strains during the two falls, but fecundity of domestic females, after correction for size differences, was significantly higher than that of hybrid females which, in turn, was significantly higher than that of wild ones.

Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) Population Structure in Acidified Lac Tantaré, Quebec

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 865-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Jacques Frenette ◽  
Julian J. Dodson
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Toxic Stress ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Recruitment Failure ◽  
Trout Population

To present evidence of acid-induced stress, we studied the population structure and distribution of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in acidified Lac Tantaré, Quebec. Trout greater than 21 cm (FL) represented only 16.2 and 10% of the population sampled in 1979 and 1980, respectively. Survival rates of trout from 1979 to 1980 indicated higher survival among individuals > 25 cm, mortality occurring primarily among fish of 13–25 cm. The marked decline in numbers of fish occurring at 21 cm coincided with the size at which 50% of the female trout population reached sexual maturity, suggesting that postspawning mortality contributes to the high mortality observed among these fish. Comparisons of population and individual growth rates revealed that smaller fish of age-classes 1 to 5 suffer higher mortality than do the larger individuals of these age-classes, implicating mortality agents other than those related to spawning. We provide evidence to support the hypothesis that the most probable cause of mortality is size-related differential exposure to toxic stress whereby small brook trout (< 25 cm) are found in lake areas (brooks) exhibiting the most potentially toxic combination of pH and aluminum, thus enhancing the exposure of the most susceptible part of the population to toxic stress. Large brook trout [Formula: see text] are found in the "safest" lake areas (springs), thus diminishing the exposure of the least susceptible part of the population to toxic stress and enhancing survival. Female trout exhibit delayed sexual maturity relative to other Quebec populations, attaining 50% maturity at age 3 and a length of 21–24 cm such that the major part of the population's reproductive effort is provided by those fish representing only 15% of the population in 1979 and 1980. During the October spawning season, 20% of potential spawners exhibited retarded oogenesis. These reductions in reproductive effort and changes in spawning site selection provide evidence in support of the hypothesis that recruitment failure may be occurring in the Tantaré brook trout population.

Life History of Sea-Running Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) of Moser River, N.S.

1940 ◽  
Vol 5a (2) ◽  
pp. 176-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. C. White
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Large Fish ◽  
History Of

Smolts, kelts and non-mature large fish descend in May and early June to the sea, to remain feeding in the estuary or near the shore. They began (1939) to ascend the river in late June, and 93% of the "run" was in July.Fish marked when descending one branch of the river ascended both that branch and the river above but the proportion of marked fish was greater in the branch.These trout agree with the local salmon in having smolts that become silvery before migration and that are two or three years old. Trout smolts and kelts remain in the sea only about two months before returning to fresh water.

Performance of Domestic, Hybrid, and Wild Strains of Brook Trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, after Stocking: the Impact of Intra- and Interspecific Competition

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 2278-2284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Lachance ◽  
Pierre Magnan
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
White Sucker ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Oligotrophic Lakes ◽  
Wild Strains ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Response Variables

Wild and hybrid strains of brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, showed better rates of recovery (by angling) and yield (kilograms of fish recovered per kilogram planted) than a domestic strain, during the 2 yr following planting, in six small oligotrophic lakes of the Laurentian Shield. Native brook trout and white sucker, Catostomus commersoni, had a significant impact on planted brook trout. Recovery, percent of increment in weight and yield of each planted strain were inversely correlated with (1) the relative abundance of native brook trout, and (2) the occurrence of white sucker, supporting hypotheses of intra- and interspecific competition. Furthermore, the response variables were also inversely correlated with the number of potential competitors, indicating that the impact of native brook trout and white sucker was additive. The recovery in number of planted trout (both years and all strains) was approximately four times higher in lakes with effectively no competitors than in lakes containing both white sucker and native brook trout; the increase in weight was nearly three times higher, and the yield was more than nine times higher. The performances of planted fish were intermediate in the lake containing only native brook trout as competitor.

Genetic and environmental correlates of variation in body weight of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moira M. Ferguson ◽  
Arunas P. Liskauskas ◽  
Roy G. Danzmann
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Environmental Correlates ◽  
Hatching Time ◽  
First Feeding ◽  
Lake Algonquin ◽  
Nested Designs ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Provincial Park

Families of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were produced from adults collected from Mykiss Lake, Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, and reared in the laboratory for 1 year. Egg size and hatching time explained a significant amount of variation among families in mean weight of hatched embryos. Heavier embryos were produced from larger eggs, and embryos with earlier hatching times were also larger. First-feeding alevins reared at higher densities were smaller than those at lower densities. Multilocus enzyme heterozygosity was neither a significant predictor of mean family body weight at any age nor significantly associated with body weight of juveniles within families. Analyzing each enzyme locus separately revealed significant effects for G3PDH-1 in two families but in different directions. Fish from two mitochondrial DNA phylogenetic assemblages, A and B, differed significantly in weight as hatched embryos and first-feeding alevins. Similarly, the progeny of different males and females differed significantly in body weight at all ages sampled. Thus, parental effects were the most persistent correlates of body size of all those examined. The statistical analyses and the nested designs suggest that variation in body weight among the progeny of specific parents can partially be attributed to genetic effects.

Seasonal distribution, abundance, and life-history traits of Greenland cod, Gadus ogac, at Wemindji, eastern James Bay

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 3061-3070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Morin ◽  
Christiane Hudon ◽  
Frederick Whoriskey
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Age At Maturity ◽  
James Bay ◽  
High Fecundity ◽  
Benthic Fishes ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Greenland cod populations near Wemindji, eastern James Bay, were studied in 1987 and 1988 to describe the species' general ecology and life-history characteristics. During the summer, they principally occupied shallow (2–5 m) coastal waters. This habitat was characterized by a belt of eelgrass (Zostera marina) at depths of 1–3 m, salinities between 20 and 23‰, and temperatures of 3–20 °C. Daily trap catches were highly variable, and more fish were caught at night than during the day. In winter, more cod were found inshore, in the estuary, than in coastal waters. This movement corresponds to the completion of sexual maturity; spawning occurs in April to June. Growth rate was linear for males and females. The age at maturity was 3 years and no trade-off was observed between growth and reproduction. Greenland cod spawned every year, and the maximum age was 9 years. Life-history variables for Greenland cod differ from those of most arctic benthic fishes; this species shows rapid growth, high fecundity, low age at maturity, and high mortality. These characteristics may represent important adaptations allowing cod to sustain life in James Bay coastal waters, where environmental conditions are different from those in arctic waters.

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