Genetic and environmental correlates of variation in body weight of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moira M. Ferguson ◽  
Arunas P. Liskauskas ◽  
Roy G. Danzmann
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Environmental Correlates ◽  
Hatching Time ◽  
First Feeding ◽  
Lake Algonquin ◽  
Nested Designs ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Provincial Park

Families of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were produced from adults collected from Mykiss Lake, Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, and reared in the laboratory for 1 year. Egg size and hatching time explained a significant amount of variation among families in mean weight of hatched embryos. Heavier embryos were produced from larger eggs, and embryos with earlier hatching times were also larger. First-feeding alevins reared at higher densities were smaller than those at lower densities. Multilocus enzyme heterozygosity was neither a significant predictor of mean family body weight at any age nor significantly associated with body weight of juveniles within families. Analyzing each enzyme locus separately revealed significant effects for G3PDH-1 in two families but in different directions. Fish from two mitochondrial DNA phylogenetic assemblages, A and B, differed significantly in weight as hatched embryos and first-feeding alevins. Similarly, the progeny of different males and females differed significantly in body weight at all ages sampled. Thus, parental effects were the most persistent correlates of body size of all those examined. The statistical analyses and the nested designs suggest that variation in body weight among the progeny of specific parents can partially be attributed to genetic effects.

Thyroid function and dermal purines in the brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill)

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 1557-1561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dixie Chua ◽  
J. G. Eales
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Thyroxine Treatment

Both TSH and thyroid powder significantly increased skin guanine and hypoxanthine levels over a 5-week period at 15 °C. TSH was more effective than thyroid powder.Injected thyroxine as low as 0.05 μg/g body weight per 2 days and ambient thiourea as low as 0.0001% inhibited thyroid function over 3 weeks at 10 °C. This thyroxine treatment did not significantly increase skin purine levels, but thiourea as low as 0.01% significantly decreased skin hypoxanthine and total purinelevels.

Models of Ammonia Excretion for Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 1421-1425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry J. Paulson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Nitrogen Consumption ◽  
Good Agreement

Ammonia excretion by brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) was measured in relation to nitrogen consumption, body weight (15–154 g for rainbow trout and 50–360 g for brook trout), and temperature (11.2–21.0 °C) under laboratory conditions. Four natural diets, collected from Castle Lake, California, and a commercial pellet diet were fed to the trout in gelatin capsules at feeding rates from 2.5 to 5% body weight∙d−1. Nitrogen consumption was the most important factor influencing ammonia excretion, followed by body weight and temperature. Testing the models with an independent data set revealed good agreement between measured and predicted rates of excretion. The models seem to estimate adequately ammonia excretion by trout in both natural and artificial aquatic systems.Key words: models, ammonia excretion, nitrogen consumption, body weight, temperature, multiple regression, rainbow trout, brook trout

Comparative Ecology and Behavior of Domestic, Hybrid, and Wild Strains of Brook Trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, after Stocking

1990 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 2285-2292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Lachance ◽  
Pierre Magnan
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Niche Shift ◽  
Feeding Niche ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Wild Strains ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Sexually Mature

Two years after planting in six small oligotrophic lakes, domestic, hybrid and wild strains of brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, used space and food resources in the same way as native trout. Although trout living with or without white sucker, Catostomus commersoni, were similarly spatially distributed, they had different diets, suggesting a feeding niche shift of trout in the presence of sucker; we concluded that this shift is under phenotypic control because each planted strain came from similar genetic backgrounds. Sexual maturity was related to the size of individuals, regardless of the strain, and males matured before females. Almost all males and females were sexually mature in the first fall after stocking except wild females (3.0 and 75% matured during the first and second fall, respectively). Gonadosomatic indices (GSI) of domestic and hybrid females were similar during the first fall, but the GSI of domestic females was significantly higher than that of hybrid and wild strains in the second fail. Mean egg diameters were similar among the three strains during the two falls, but fecundity of domestic females, after correction for size differences, was significantly higher than that of hybrid females which, in turn, was significantly higher than that of wild ones.

Variation of Hepatic Ethoxycoumarin O-de-ethylase Activity with Body Weight and Other Factors in Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 924-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Addison ◽  
D. E. Willis
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Microsomal Protein ◽  
Biological Effects Monitoring

Data from several previous experimental studies of hepatic mixed function oxidase (MFO) activity were reexamined to study the possible relationship between ethoxycoumarin O-de-ethylase activity and body weight and other factors in "uninduced" brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Weight-specific O-de-ethylase activity was inversely related to body weight; regression of the log transformation of the total hepatic O-de-ethylase activity on log liver weight yielded a regression coefficient of 0.850 ± 0.047 close to the value of ~0.75 expected for a relationship based on overall metabolic rate. The regression coefficient was significantly higher in males than in females. Multiple regression analysis showed O-de-ethylase activity to be positively correlated with both microsomal protein and cytochrome P-450 content. The data confirm that size (or age) is a factor to be eliminated in any biological effects monitoring program based on MFO assays.Key words: mixed function oxidases, ethoxycoumarin O-de-ethylase, brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis; hepatic mono-oxygenases

Effects of the Polychlorinated Biphenyl Aroclor® 1254 on Growth, Survival, and Bone Development in Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)

1978 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1084-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilbur L. Mauck ◽  
Paul M. Mehrle ◽  
Foster L. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Bone Development ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Aroclor 1254 ◽  
Egg Hatchability ◽  
Hatching Time ◽  
Phosphorous Concentration

Eyed eggs of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were exposed to Aroclor® 1254 (0.43–13 μg/L) for 10 d before hatching and the fry for 118 d after hatching. Median hatching time, egg hatchability, and sac fry survival were not affected by Aroclor 1254. At 48 d after hatching, growth was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased by Aroclor 1254 concentrations ≥ 1.5 μg/L, but no significant differences in growth of surviving fry were observed at the end of the 118-d exposure. Mortality occurred in fry exposed to 13 μg/L within 48 d of exposure, and after 118 d of exposure significant mortality occurred in the three highest concentrations. Biochemical constituents in brook trout fry related to growth and development were affected by Aroclor 1254. Hydroxyproline and vitamin C concentrations in sac fry (38 d old) were decreased by ≥ 3.1 μg/L. Backbone development in fry exposed for 118 d was significantly altered. Collagen was significantly decreased in the backbone as was the phosphorous concentration, while the calcium concentration increased. Hydroxyproline concentration in collagen isolated from the backbone was also decreased. The no-effect exposure concentration on backbone composition was < 0.43 μg/L. Whole body residues in fry exposed for 118 d were 40 000 to 47 000 times the concentration in water. Key words: brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, Aroclor® 1254, polychlorinated biphenyls, PCB, growth, bone development, vitamin C, collagen

Reproductive Behavior of Hybrid Charr (Salvelinus fontinalis × S. namaycush)

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred H. Berst ◽  
Alan R. Emery ◽  
George R. Spangler
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Courtship Behavior ◽  
Lake Algonquin ◽  
Acoustic Signaling ◽  
Egg Deposition ◽  
Natural Reproduction ◽  
Nest Digging ◽  
Males And Females

Observations of the reproductive behavior of splake (Salvelinus fontinalis × S. namaycush) planted in Jack Lake, Algonquin Park, Ont., indicated that they spawned on rocky shoals from late October to early November. In mid-October, splake approached the spawning locations. By late October females had selected redd sites and dominant males were aggressively defending the sites that had been cleared by the females, against other males. Redd digging was variable in duration and frequency. Depth of water over redds varied between 0.5 and 4 m. No attempts were made to cover the eggs, most of which settled into the crevices between rocks. Males and females used acoustic signals during both aggression and courtship. The male initiated courtship by maintaining his head over the female's tail, then crisscrossing over the tail. Parallel positioning of the two sexes was a prerequisite to release of sex products. Visual and sonic cues appeared to be used in sequencing behavior. Circling functioned as a neutral action to which any other courting behavior could revert. Nest digging ceased after completion of egg deposition. A swim-in-place behavior of the female was a positive indicator of egg deposition. Egg predation by adult splake was observed, but it appeared to offer no serious threat to natural reproduction. Laboratory observations of splake reproductive behavior in aquaria did not indicate any behavioral obstacles to successful natural reproduction. Courtship behavior and egg deposition in the artificial spawning beds was followed by normal development and emergence of fry.Key words: splake, reproductive behavior, Ontario, visual and acoustic signaling

scholarly journals The Effect of Non-Circadian Photoperiod on Growth and Puberty Onset of Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 692
Author(s):  
Katsiaryna Lundova ◽  
Jan Matousek ◽  
Vlastimil Stejskal
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sexually Mature ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Average Body Weight

The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of a prolonged photoperiod on growth rate and sexual maturation in brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis. The task of the experiment was to determine the most effective light regimen capable to minimizing the effects of puberty, including impairment of somatic growth and further general characteristics. In this regard, the studied fish were reared under three photoperiod regimens in which fish were exposed to 24 h continuous light alternating with 24 or 48 h under the ambient photoperiod or 48 h continuous light alternating with a 24 h ambient photoperiod. A control group was reared under the natural ambient photoperiod. Four-hundred and fifty fish with an average initial body weight of 101.3 ± 1.2 g were used for each experimental group (three replicates of each treatment plus control). A statistically lower growth rate showed control groups in both sexes. At the end of the study, control males had an average body weight of 226.6 ± 39.8 g and control females a body weight of 199.8 ± 12.2 g. At the same period, a significantly higher average body weight was found in groups reared 24 h under ambient photoperiod alternating with a 48 h continuous light regime (2CP:1AP) in both sexes (296.56 ± 62.5 g—males, and 239.9 ± 19.2 g—females, respectively). A significantly higher percentage of sexually mature fish was observed in the control group (80% of males and 29% of females, respectively). We found significantly fewer sexually mature females compared to males. The lowest survival was observed in group 2CP:1AP at 92%. It was concluded that regimen under which fish was exposed to 48 h of natural ambient photoperiod alternating with 24 h of constant light (1CP:2AP) lead to the successful delay of gonad development and onset of puberty and increased somatic growth in both sexes.

Integrating the effects of fish exploitation and interspecific competition into current life history theories: an example with lacustrine brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Magnan ◽  
Raphaël Proulx ◽  
Michel Plante
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Age At Maturity ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Fish Exploitation ◽  
Males And Females

We used data from 17 populations of lacustrine brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) of the Canadian Shield, southern Quebec, to test whether early maturity (in males and females) and high reproductive effort (in females) are associated with increased (i) fish exploitation (sportfishing) and (ii) interspecific competition through their effects on growth and survival. The age at maturity of males and females was inversely related to the intensity of both fishing and interspecific competition. Fishing and interspecific competition affect the age at maturity through their effect on adult survival but not on growth, supporting predictions of life history models based on survival. In contrast, we did not find consistent effects of interspecific competition and fishing on the gonadosomatic index of females, which was directly related to survival (in all populations) and to the age at maturity (in exploited populations). These latter results are contrary to the predictions of life history models under the assumption that survival is directly related to growth rate. Our results suggest that reproductive effort and age at maturity are not dependent on growth when survival is independent of growth, as is the case in exploited and sympatric populations experiencing low adult survival but high growth.

Reproductive timing and use of redd sites by lake-spawning brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 747-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J Blanchfield ◽  
M S Ridgway
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Spawning Activity ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Removal Experiments ◽  
Rapid Replacement ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Breeding Seasons ◽  
Selection Of

We provide a detailed description of a salmonine mating system based on daily observations of tagged individuals in a lake-spawning population of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) throughout two breeding seasons. Actual spawning occurred over a period of ~50 d. Over 90% of spawning males were present soon after spawning commenced and outnumbered females for the duration of the spawning period. The amount of time males and females remained on the spawning grounds increased with body size; however, males were present over a longer period than females of equivalent size. A distinct seasonal peak in spawning activity (~15 d) accounted for 58 and 84% (1994 and 1995) of all reproduction and was coincident with a decline in water temperature below 11°C and increased rainfall. Selection of redd sites by female brook trout was determined by groundwater flow which was significantly greater than at nonspawning sites. A preference for certain redd sites was observed, with 50% of spawnings occurring at 11 sites. The construction of multiple redds and duration in spawning activity by females increased with body size. Extensive reuse of redd sites and rapid replacement of females during removal experiments indicate that redd sites are a limiting resource.

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