Water velocity influences prey detection and capture by drift-feeding juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus)

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J Piccolo ◽  
Nicholas F Hughes ◽  
Mason D Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Prey Capture ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Species Interaction ◽  
Water Velocity ◽  
Capture Probability ◽  
Prey Detection ◽  
Detection Distance ◽  
Drift Feeding

We examined the effects of water velocity on prey detection and capture by drift-feeding juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and steelhead (sea-run rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus) in laboratory experiments. We used repeated-measures analysis of variance to test the effects of velocity, species, and the velocity × species interaction on prey capture probability, prey detection distance, and swimming speeds during prey capture. We used 3D video analysis to assess the spatial and temporal characteristics of prey detection and capture. Coho and steelhead showed significant, velocity-dependent decreases in capture probability (~65% to 10%, with an increase of velocity from 0.29 to 0.61 m·s-1) and prey detection distance, with no effect of species and no velocity × species interaction. Neither velocity nor species affected prey interception speed; fish intercepted prey at their predicted maximum sustainable swimming speed (Vmax) at all velocities. Speed of return to the focal point increased significantly with increasing velocity, with no effect of species. At faster velocities, return speeds were faster than Vmax, indicating potential increases in energetic cost because of anaerobic swimming. The 3D analysis suggests that the reduction in capture probability was due to both reduced prey detection distance and a uniform decline in detection probability within the prey capture area.

Response of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to the addition of salmon carcasses to two streams in southwestern Washington, U.S.A.

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 1909-1918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E Bilby ◽  
Brian R Fransen ◽  
Peter A Bisson ◽  
Jason K Walter
Keyword(s):  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Similar Increase ◽  
Reference Sites ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Small Streams ◽  
Salmon Carcasses

Availability of organic matter and nutrients transported from the marine environment to streams by spawning salmon was increased in two small streams in southwestern Washington, U.S.A., by adding salmon carcasses from a nearby hatchery. Response of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) rearing at these sites was compared with nearby streams where few salmon spawned. Densities of age 0+ coho salmon and age 0+ and age 1+ steelhead increased following carcass additions to the treated streams. A similar increase in density was not observed at the reference sites. Condition factors in treated streams increased following carcass addition and remained at high levels while carcasses were present whereas no similar pattern was observed at the reference sites. Stomach contents of fish in streams to which carcasses had been added consisted primarily of salmon eggs and carcass flesh when carcasses were present in the stream. Stable isotope analysis indicated that the proportion of marine-derived nitrogen in the muscle tissue of juvenile salmonids increased as much as 39% following carcass placement. Results suggest that eggs and carcasses of adult salmon provide a very important resource during a period when other food items are often scarce.

The effect of prey availability on metabolism and activity in the tarantula Phormictopus cancerides

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. Philip ◽  
C. Shillington
Keyword(s):  
Prey Capture ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Locomotory Activity ◽  
Prey Detection ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Detection Distance ◽  
Feeding Behaviors ◽  
Limited Food ◽  
Feeding Trials

Spiders typically exhibit very low resting metabolic rates (RMR) and altered feeding behaviors as mechanisms to survive extended periods of limited food availability. We examined the effect of different periods of food deprivation on RMR and foraging activities in the Hispaniolan giant tarantula ( Phormictopus cancerides (Latreille, 1806)) (Araneae: Theraphosidae). Juvenile tarantulas were separated into two feeding groups and fed once either every 5 or 30 days. Monthly feeding trials were preceded by RMR measurements. During feeding trials, we compared differences between the two groups in (i) prey capture frequency, (ii) time to prey capture, (iii) locomotory activity, and (iv) the predator’s prey detection distance. Metabolic rates increased for the well-fed group but remained constant for individuals fed once a month. Time to prey capture decreased for food-limited individuals and the proportion of individuals that ate during each feeding trial was significantly higher in the 30-day group. Conversely, results for locomotory activity and detection distances were inconclusive.

scholarly journals Evaluation of movement and survival of juvenile steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in the Klickitat River, Washington, 2018–2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott D. Evans ◽  
David S. Lindley ◽  
Tobias J. Kock ◽  
Amy C. Hansen ◽  
Russell W. Perry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch

Sub-surface drift feeding by coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch, Walbaum): a model and test

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Dunbrack
Keyword(s):  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Drift Feeding ◽  
Surface Drift

Carrying Capacity of an Enhanced Side-Channel for Rearing Salmonids

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1320-1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Mundie ◽  
R. E. Traber
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Water Velocity ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Side Channel ◽  
Biological Factors

Two attempts were made to establish the yield of steelhead smolts (sea-run rainbow trout) (Salmo gairdneri) from a seminatural side-channel and compare it to that of the parent river. In the first, 10 000 fry were introduced to the channel which was maintained at a discharge of 0.42 m3/s. The fry, however, were largely displaced by extraneous coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), appeared unable to withstand the water velocity in winter, and were greatly reduced by infection from Cryptobia. In the second trial discharge was 0.14 m3/s. The fry tolerated this. The yield (i.e. numbers) per unit area of steelhead smolts, of mean weight 14.5 g, was 31 times that of the river; in terms of biomass it was 10 times. Channel discharge was 2.6% of the river discharge. Physical and biological factors determining smolt yield from streams are considered.

The effects of early sandbar formation on the abundance and ecology of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in a central California coastal lagoon

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 2184-2197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Marie K. Osterback ◽  
Cynthia H. Kern ◽  
Emerson A. Kanawi ◽  
Jeffrey M. Perez ◽  
Joseph D. Kiernan
Keyword(s):  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Coastal Lagoon ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
High Water ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Central California ◽  
Physiological Processes

We investigated how extreme drought conditions influenced the abundance, growth, movement, and seawater readiness of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in a small central California coastal lagoon. In 2015, the seasonal sandbar at the mouth of Scott Creek formed over 2 months earlier than average, effectively trapping fish in the lagoon for 7 additional months (mid-May through December) before outmigration opportunities eventually resumed. Monthly mark–recapture sampling demonstrated that juvenile coho salmon and steelhead were able to persist in the lagoon during extended periods of high water temperature and low dissolved oxygen concentration. Both salmonid species exhibited similar temporal trends in abundance, growth, and Na+-K+-ATPase activity levels during lagoon residence; however, abundance and growth rates were consistently higher for steelhead. Stationary passive integrated transponder tag antenna detections revealed recurrent movement of individuals between the warm lagoon and cooler lower mainstem creek, suggesting individuals regulated key physiological processes by moving between the adjacent habitats. Our study provides new insight concerning the consequences of drought for imperiled salmonid populations and underscores the importance of life-history diversity during extreme climatic events.

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