Bias and significance of relative reproductive success estimates based on steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) data: a Bayesian meta-analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (10) ◽  
pp. 1827-1835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuichi Kitada ◽  
Hirohisa Kishino ◽  
Katsuyuki Hamasaki
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Wild Fish ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Bayesian Hierarchical ◽  
Hatchery Fish ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Log Normal

The evaluation of the reproductive success (RS) of hatchery fish in the wild is one of the most important issues in hatchery supplementation, aquaculture, and conservation. Estimates of the relative reproductive success (RRS) have been used to evaluate RS. Because RRS may vary greatly depending on cross, years of release, and environmental conditions, we introduced a log-normal distribution to quantify the variation. The classical estimator of RRS based on multiple measurements is contrasted with the mean of this distribution. We derived the mean, variance, and relative bias and applied our Bayesian hierarchical model to 42 empirical RRS estimates of steelhead trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) in the Hood River, Oregon, USA. The RRS estimate generally had an upward bias. Although the average level of RRS implied the reproductive decline of hatchery fish and wild-born hatchery descendants, we could not reject the null hypothesis that hatchery fish and their descendants have the same chance of having smaller RS than wild fish as they do of having larger RS than wild fish.

Comparisons between hatchery and wild steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) smolts: physiology and habitat use

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 1627-1638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan S Hill ◽  
Gayle Barbin Zydlewski ◽  
William L Gale
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Wild Fish ◽  
Microhabitat Use ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Hatchery Fish ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Seawater Challenge

Hatchery steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) smolts, progeny of a newly founded native origin broodstock, were released into Abernathy Creek, Washington, in 2003 and 2004. After release, saltwater tolerance, gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity, and habitat use were compared. A subsample of hatchery and wild steelhead trout were implanted with 23 mm passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags each year. PIT-tagged migrants were used for physiological comparisons. Hatchery fish were significantly larger than wild fish. Hatchery migrants expressed significantly lower levels of gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity than wild migrants. After a 24 h seawater challenge, hatchery migrants had significantly higher plasma osmolality and [Na+] than wild migrants. Microhabitat use of PIT-tagged hatchery and wild individuals in a control (wild fish only) and effect (hatchery and wild fish) site were compared before and after the introduction of hatchery fish. No difference was detected in hatchery and wild smolt habitat use. Wild fish did not change their habitat use after the introduction of hatchery fish. Although hatchery and wild fish differed in smolt physiology, differences in short-term use of freshwater habitat were not detected, and hatchery fish did not appear to displace wild fish.

Differential reproductive success of sympatric, naturally spawning hatchery and wild steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) through the adult stage

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer E McLean ◽  
Paul Bentzen ◽  
Thomas P Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Adult Offspring ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Freshwater Environment ◽  
Domestication Selection ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Differential Reproductive Success

We used multilocus microsatellite analysis to compare the reproductive success of naturally spawning wild steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with a newly established sympatric hatchery population in Forks Creek, Washington, U.S.A. Hatchery steelhead spawning in the wild had markedly lower reproductive success than native wild steelhead. Wild females that spawned in 1996 produced 9 times as many adult offspring per capita as did hatchery females that spawned in the wild. Wild females that spawned in 1997 produced 42 times as many adult offspring as hatchery females. The wild steelhead population more than met replacement requirements (approximately 3.7–6.7 adult offspring were produced per female), but the hatchery steelhead were far below replacement requirements (<0.5 adults per female). The survival differential was greatest in the freshwater environment (i.e., production of seaward-migrating juveniles), but survival at sea favored the hatchery population in 1 year and the wild population in the next. The poor performance of the hatchery population may be a consequence of spawning too early in the winter, generations of inadvertent domestication selection, or a combination of these two.

scholarly journals Offspring of first-generation hatchery steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) grow faster in the hatchery than offspring of wild fish, but survive worse in the wild: Possible mechanisms for inadvertent domestication and fitness loss in hatchery salmon

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0257407
Author(s):  
Michael S. Blouin ◽  
Madeleine C. Wrey ◽  
Stephanie R. Bollmann ◽  
James C. Skaar ◽  
Ronald G. Twibell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Wild Fish ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Final Size ◽  
Lower Survival ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
In The Wild

Salmonid fish raised in hatcheries often have lower fitness (number of returning adult offspring) than wild fish when both spawn in the wild. Body size at release from hatcheries is positively correlated with survival at sea. So one explanation for reduced fitness is that hatcheries inadvertently select for trait values that enhance growth rate under the unnatural environment of a hatchery, but that are maladaptive in the wild environment. A simple prediction of this hypothesis is that juveniles of hatchery origin should grow more quickly than fish of wild origin under hatchery conditions, but should have lower survival under wild conditions. We tested that hypothesis using multiple full sibling families of steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) that were spawned using either two wild parents (WxW) or two first-generation hatchery (HxH) parents. Offspring from all the families were grown together under hatchery conditions and under semi-natural conditions in artificial streams. HxH families grew significantly faster in the hatchery, but had significantly lower survival in the streams. That we see this tradeoff after only a single generation of selection suggests that the traits involved are under very strong selection. We also considered one possible alteration to the hatchery environment that might reduce the intensity of selection among families in size at release. Here we tested whether reducing the fat content of hatchery feed would reduce the variance among families in body size. Although fish raised under a low-fat diet were slightly smaller, the variation among families in final size was unchanged. Thus, there is no evidence that reducing the fat content of hatchery feed would reduce the opportunity for selection among families on size at release.

scholarly journals Offspring of first-generation hatchery steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) grow faster in the hatchery than offspring of wild fish, but survive worse in the wild: possible mechanisms for inadvertent domestication and fitness loss in hatchery salmon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Blouin ◽  
Madeleine C Wrey ◽  
Stephanie R Bollmann ◽  
James C Skaar ◽  
Ronald G Twibell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Wild Fish ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Final Size ◽  
Lower Survival ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
In The Wild

Salmonid fish raised in hatcheries often have lower fitness (number of returning adult offspring) than wild fish when both spawn in the wild. Body size at release from hatcheries is positively correlated with survival at sea.  So one explanation for reduced fitness is that hatcheries inadvertently select for trait values that enhance growth rate under the unnatural environment of a hatchery, but that are maladaptive in the wild environment.  A simple prediction of this hypothesis is that juveniles of hatchery origin should grow more quickly than fish of wild origin under hatchery conditions, but should have lower survival under wild conditions.  We tested that hypothesis using multiple full sibling families of steelhead ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) that were spawned using either two wild parents (WxW) or two first-generation hatchery (HxH) parents.  Offspring from all the families were grown together under hatchery conditions and under semi-natural conditions in artificial streams.  HxH families grew significantly faster in the hatchery, but had significantly lower survival in the streams.  That we see this tradeoff after only a single generation of selection suggests that the traits involved are under very strong selection.  We also considered one possible alteration to the hatchery environment that might reduce the intensity of selection among families in size at release. Here we tested whether reducing the fat content of hatchery feed would reduce the variance among families in body size. Although fish raised under a low-fat diet were slightly smaller, the variation among families in final size was unchanged.  Thus, there is no evidence that reducing the fat content of hatchery feed would reduce the opportunity for selection among families on size at release.

Marine survival difference between wild and hatchery-reared steelhead trout determined during early downstream migration

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 831-846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Melnychuk ◽  
Josh Korman ◽  
Stephen Hausch ◽  
David W. Welch ◽  
Don J.F. McCubbing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Life ◽  
Downstream Migration ◽  
Wild Fish ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Strait Of Georgia ◽  
Return Rates ◽  
Hatchery Fish ◽  
Survival Difference ◽  
Survival Differences

We observed large survival differences between wild and hatchery-reared steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during the juvenile downstream migration immediately after release, which persisted through adult life. Following a railway spill of sodium hydroxide into the Cheakamus River, British Columbia, a short-term conservation hatchery rearing program was implemented for steelhead. We used acoustic telemetry and mark–recapture models to estimate survival of wild and (or) hatchery-reared steelhead during 4 years of the smolt migration, with both groups released in 2008. After adjusting for estimated freshwater residualization, 7%–13% of wild smolts and 30%–40% of hatchery smolts died in the first 3 km of the migration. Estimated survival from release to ocean entry was 71%–84% for wild fish and 26%–40% for hatchery fish and to exit from the Strait of Georgia system was 22%–33% for wild fish and 3.5%–6.7% for hatchery fish. A calculated 2.3-fold survival difference established during the downstream migration was similar to that after the return of adult spawners, as return rates were 8.0% for wild fish and 4.1% for hatchery fish. Contrary to current understanding, a large proportion of salmon mortality in the smolt-to-adult period, commonly termed “marine mortality”, may actually occur prior to ocean entry.

scholarly journals Rearing in a distorted magnetic field disrupts the ‘map sense’ of juvenile steelhead trout

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 20140169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan F. Putman ◽  
Amanda M. Meinke ◽  
David L. G. Noakes
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Uniform Field ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Hatchery Fish ◽  
Test Orientation ◽  
Marine Survival

We used simulated magnetic displacements to test orientation preferences of juvenile steelhead trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) exposed to magnetic fields existing at the northernmost and southernmost boundaries of their oceanic range. Fish reared in natural magnetic conditions distinguished between these two fields by orienting in opposite directions, with headings that would lead fish towards marine foraging grounds. However, fish reared in a spatially distorted magnetic field failed to distinguish between the experimental fields and were randomly oriented. The non-uniform field in which fish were reared is probably typical of fields that many hatchery fish encounter due to magnetic distortions associated with the infrastructure of aquaculture. Given that the reduced navigational abilities we observed could negatively influence marine survival, homing ability and hatchery efficiency, we recommend further study on the implications of rearing salmonids in unnatural magnetic fields.

Variation in reproductive success and effective number of breeders in a hatchery population of steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): examination by microsatellite-based parentage analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer E. McLean ◽  
Todd R. Seamons ◽  
Michael B. Dauer ◽  
Paul Bentzen ◽  
Thomas P. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Parentage Analysis ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Effective Number ◽  
Effective Number Of Breeders

scholarly journals The incubation period of COVID-19: a global meta-analysis of 53 studies and a Chinese observation study of 11 545 patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Cheng ◽  
DongDong Zhang ◽  
Dejian Dang ◽  
Juan Geng ◽  
Peiyu Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Observation Study ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Time Of Infection ◽  
The Mainland Of China ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Log Normal

Abstract Background The incubation period is a crucial index of epidemiology in understanding the spread of the emerging Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, we aimed to describe the incubation period of COVID-19 globally and in the mainland of China. Methods The searched studies were published from December 1, 2019 to May 26, 2021 in CNKI, Wanfang, PubMed, and Embase databases. A random-effect model was used to pool the mean incubation period. Meta-regression was used to explore the sources of heterogeneity. Meanwhile, we collected 11 545 patients in the mainland of China outside Hubei from January 19, 2020 to September 21, 2020. The incubation period fitted with the Log-normal model by the coarseDataTools package. Results A total of 3235 articles were searched, 53 of which were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled mean incubation period of COVID-19 was 6.0 days (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.6–6.5) globally, 6.5 days (95% CI 6.1–6.9) in the mainland of China, and 4.6 days (95% CI 4.1–5.1) outside the mainland of China (P = 0.006). The incubation period varied with age (P = 0.005). Meanwhile, in 11 545 patients, the mean incubation period was 7.1 days (95% CI 7.0–7.2), which was similar to the finding in our meta-analysis. Conclusions For COVID-19, the mean incubation period was 6.0 days globally but near 7.0 days in the mainland of China, which will help identify the time of infection and make disease control decisions. Furthermore, attention should also be paid to the region- or age-specific incubation period. Graphic Abstract

Genetic Differences in Growth and Survival of Juvenile Hatchery and Wild Steelhead Trout, Salmo gairdneri

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Reisenbichler ◽  
J. D. McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Wild Fish ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Hatchery Fish ◽  
Natural Streams ◽  
Stock Recruitment ◽  
Relationship Of

Relative growth and survival of offspring from matings of hatchery and wild Deschutes River (Oregon) summer steelhead trout, Salmo gairdneri, were measured to determine if hatchery fish differ genetically from wild fish in traits that can affect the stock–recruitment relationship of wild populations. Sections of four natural streams and a hatchery pond were each stocked with genetically marked (lactate dehydrogenase genotypes) eyed eggs or unfed swim-up fry from each of three matings: hatchery × hatchery (HH), hatchery × wild (HW), and wild × wild (WW). In streams, WW fish had the highest survival and HW fish the highest growth rates when significant differences were found; in the hatchery pond, HH fish had the highest survival and growth rates. The hatchery fish were genetically different from wild fish and when they interbreed with wild fish may reduce the number of smolts produced. Hatchery procedures can be modified to reduce the genetic differences between hatchery and wild fish.

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