Organic Contaminant Residues in Fishes from Nipigon Bay, Lake Superior

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 850-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus L. E. Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Phthalic Acid ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Dehydroabietic Acid ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Paper Mill Effluent ◽  
Effluent Discharge ◽  
Longnose Sucker

Three species of fish, caught at various distances from a kraft pulp and paper mill effluent discharge in Nipigon Bay, were analyzed for organic contaminants. Fishes from all sites contained residues of polychlorinated biphenyls and DDE. Most samples were also contaminated with hexachlorobenzene and several samples contained phthalic acid esters.From sampling sites close to the mill discharge, dehydroabietic acid was observed in one extract of each of the three fish species investigated. Two isomers of tetrachlorobenzene and one trichlorobenzene isomer were identified in a longnose sucker (Catostomus catostomus) extract from the vicinity of the mill outfall.

Effect of a Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent on the Productivity of Periphyton and Phytoplankton

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 856-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Moore ◽  
R. J. Love
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Dehydroabietic Acid ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ph Change ◽  
Paper Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill

The short-term effect of a kraft mill effluent on the productivity of periphyton and phytoplankton in Nipigon Bay was examined. Addition of raw effluent at concentrations of 10−2 and higher consistently reduced photosynthesis of both periphyton and phytoplankton. Significant reductions were occasionally observed at effluent concentrations as low as 10−4. At high effluent concentrations pH change produced a major portion of the depression. Laboratory experiments with four compounds identified from the effluent showed dehydroabietic acid to be slightly toxic.

Analysis of a Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent Plume

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 776-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles K. Minns
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Paper Mill Effluent ◽  
Plume Area ◽  
Carbon Particulate ◽  
Area And Volume

Several chemical surveys of a pulp and paper mill effluent plume in Nipigon Bay, Lake Superior, are analyzed to determine the average area and volume contained by a range of isoconcentration boundaries. Sodium, dissolved organic carbon, particulate organic carbon, and particulate organic nitrogen are the chemical variables used to examine changes occurring in the plume. Data are analyzed from three sampling regimes: (1) dye-slug tracking which allows interpretation of time-related processes, (2) surface surveys which indicate the areal extent of the plume, and (3) vertical profile surveys which indicate the degree of depth penetration for effluent components.Dilution dominates in the plume, though the nonconservative substances undergo significant changes. The plume area enclosed in a contour of 1% effluent is approximately 1.5 km2. Mass balance calculations indicate exchanges occurring between the plume and the old fiber beds in the vicinity of the effluent outfall.

Laboratory-based investigation into the potential for algal proliferation in Lake Coleman, Victoria

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 625 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Haynes ◽  
P Rayment ◽  
K Raynes ◽  
PRL Mosse
Keyword(s):  
Phaeodactylum Tricornutum ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Colour Intensity ◽  
Paper Mill Effluent ◽  
Effluent Discharge ◽  
Lake Waters

Lake Coleman received a discharge of highly coloured, treated pulp and paper mill effluent and domestic and industrial effluent from 1958 until the latter part of 1992. The colour of the lake waters is likely to become less intense following cessation of the discharge and this may affect the potential for algal growth. The estuarine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum was cultured in a range of concentrations of Lake Coleman water with and without pre-exposure to nutrient-rich Lake Coleman sediments. Under laboratory conditions, growth of P. tricornutum was significantly enhanced in Lake Coleman water compared with cultures grown in water collected from an adjacent unpolluted lake. Growth was further enhanced in solutions with additional pre-exposure to Lake Coleman sediments. Growth enhancement exhibited a linear relationship to solution orthophosphate concentrations. When the diatom was cultured under a range of light intensities produced by a range of dilutions of Lake Coleman water, growth was significantly reduced by high colour intensity. The possibility exists, therefore, for enhanced algal proliferation in Lake Coleman following cessation of effluent discharge.

Distribution of Some Organic Compounds in the Receiving Waters of a Kraft Pulp and Paper Mill

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 830-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Brownlee ◽  
W. M. J. Strachan
Keyword(s):  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Dehydroabietic Acid ◽  
Dioctyl Phthalate ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
Water And Sediment Samples

Water, seston, sediment, and macrophyte samples were collected from Nipigon Bay, Lake Superior at distances up to 6.8 km from the effluent discharge of a kraft pulp and paper mill at Red Rock, Ontario. Fifteen compounds have been identified in mill effluent and six of these were found in samples from the Bay. Mill-related compounds were found most often in water and sediment samples, less often in seston samples, and in none of the macrophytes samples. Dehydroabietic acid, present in mill effluent in excess of 1 mg/ℓ, was found in most water and sediment samples and a few seston samples. This compound is a good indicator of the areal influence of the effluent. Palmitic acid and dioctyl phthalate were also widely distributed. Acetovanillone and sandaracopimaric acid were found in one water sample 1.0 km from the discharge. 7-oxodehydroabietic acid was found in five water samples at distances of up to 4.7 km from the discharge. This is apparently the first time that this compound has been reported in a mill effluent or in environmental samples.

Persistence of Dissolved Organic Compounds in Kraft Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent Plumes

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 798-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael E. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Dehydroabietic Acid ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Paper Mill Effluent ◽  
North Shore ◽  
The North ◽  
Dissolved Organic Compounds

The persistence of dissolved organic compounds in the effluent plumes of a pulp and paper mill on the north shore of Lake Superior was studied in 1974. Approximately 90 organic compounds were observed of which 36 (including all the major ones) were identified.The dispersion of five of these compounds was examined quantitatively. Dehydroabietic acid was the only major organic compound observed to exhibit measurable persistence >2000 m from the effluent discharge. At 2000 m from the discharge, levels of ~30 μg/ℓ dehydroabietic acid were detected within the plume and ~15 μg/ℓ outside the effluent plume. The disappearance of dehydroabietic acid parallels that of the conservative ion Na+, indicating dilution by the receiving water as the only significant short-term removal mechanism.

Impact of a Kraft Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent on Phytoplankton and Macroinvertebrates in River Nzoia, Kenya

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salome Ojunga ◽  
Frank O. Masese ◽  
Julius O. Manyala ◽  
Lazare Etiegni ◽  
Augustino O. Onkware ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Total Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Paper Mill Effluent ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Phytoplankton and macroinvertebrate assemblages were used to assess the impact of a kraft pulp and paper mill effluent in Kenya, on River Nzoia downstream of the discharge point in relation to changes in water quality during May to June and November 2008 (rainy and dry seasons, respectively). Total phosphorus concentration increased from 0.027 mg.L-1 upstream to 0.04 mg.L-1 downstream. Ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration was 0.51 mg.L-1 upstream and 0.86 mg.L- 1 downstream. Nitrate concentration stood at 1.18 mg.L-1 upstream compared with the 2.23 mg.L-1 downstream. The pH changed from 4.5 to 5.0 upstream to 5.5 to 6.0 downstream, while DO increased from 6.57 to 7.03 mg.L-1 downstream. The BOD5 (biochemical oxygen demand after five days) values remained almost unchanged from 4.63 mg.L-1 upstream to 4.67 mg.L-1 downstream. Taxon composition of phytoplankton and macroinvertebrates correlated with adverse environmental gradients resulting from the mill's effluent discharge. Overall, there was a shift in composition and abundance of both phytoplankton and macroinvertebrates, with the downstream site recording high numbers of tolerant taxa (i.e., Microcystis sp. and Chironomus sp.). It was recommended that water quality monitoring with effluents of this nature be done using a combination of chemical analysis and biological indicators such as phytoplankton and macroinvertebrates.

Distribution of Dehydroabietic Acid in Sediments Adjacent to a Kraft Pulp and Paper Mill

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 838-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Brownlee ◽  
M. E. Fox ◽  
W. M. J. Strachan ◽  
S. R. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Resin Acid ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Dehydroabietic Acid ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Resin Acids ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill

Sediments adjacent to a kraft pulp and paper mill on western Nipigon Bay, Lake Superior, were examined for resin acids. Dehydroabietic acid was the predominant resin acid with surficial concentrations of less than 5–100 μg/g.The areal distribution indicated the mill to be the primary source of this compound. Depth profiles of the acid and core dating by 210Pb methods enabled the calculation of a mean sediment accumulation rate of 0.11 cm∙yr−1 and a half-life for the disappearance of dehydroabietic acid in the sediments of approximately 21 yr. A half-life of 0.12 yr was estimated for this compound in the water column. It appears, therefore, that the primary removal mechanism of dehydroabietic acid is degradation in the water column.

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